and Zionism, 280, 306, 328–29, 451, 458, 463, 466–67, 519–20, 524, 531
Palestine Exploration Fund:
mapping expedition, 63, 83, 232–41, 246
report: ’e Wilderness of Zin, 241–42, 244, 250, 254
Palmer, E. “Posh,” 606, 608
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 468–78
and Britain, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 462, 469, 475–76, 510
Clemenceau at, 210, 460–61, 474
and Council of Ten, 473–74
and Feisal, 439, 452, 453, 455–59, 456, 459, 461, 468, 469, 472, 473–77
and France, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 460, 469, 473–78
and Lawrence, 96, 137, 210, 439–40, 452–53, 457, 459, 462, 471–74, 476, 485, 698
Lloyd George at, 210, 460–61, 473
Meinertzhagen at, 469–71
and Middle East, 100, 460–61, 470, 473, 474, 476, 510
scope of discussions at, 468–69
TV film about, 694
and Wilson, 210, 454, 458, 460, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476
Parker, K. T., 675
Patch, Blanche, 577
Patton, George C., 694
Peake, Frederick, 407, 409, 528–29
Peerage Act (1963), 118
Pepys, Samuel, 8
Persia, oil in, 531
Petrie, Flinders, 195, 197, 201, 202, 203–4, 222
Philby, St. John “Jack,” 405n, 483, 484, 506, 529
Pichon, Stéphen-Jean-Marie, 455, 461, 475
Picot, see Georges-Picot, François
Pike, Manning, 598, 602, 611
Pirie-Gordon, C. H. C., 167, 175
Pisani, Rosario, 306, 419
Plato, 630
Pontius Pilate, 8, 353
Poole, Reginald Lane, 155, 156
Port Said, Lawrence’s travels in, 169, 175
Pound, Ezra, 205, 672, 688
Price, Hugh [Aprice], 152
Private Life of Henry VIII, The (film), 668
PT boats, 649
Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 62
Pugh, Flight Sergeant, 608, 614, 616
Rabegh:
defense of, 60
French ambitions for, 47, 48
journey to, 17–18, 21–28, 30–31
Lawrence’s assignment to, 49–50
military stores at, 298
rumors of Turkish attack on, 47, 49
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 119, 597
Rashids, ibn Saud as emir of, 88
Rasim, Damascene soldier, 372
Rattigan, Terence, Ross, 694
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, 251
Redmond, John, 271
Red Sea ports, 21, 88
Rennell, Lord, 482
Reshadiye, 247–48
Revolt in the Desert [abridgement of Seven Pillars] (Lawrence):
charity fund for income from, 622
copyright sold to Cape, 602–3, 614
critical reviews of, 622–23
Doubleday’s suggestion of, 565
film rights to, 634, 667–69, 691–94
Garnett’s work on, 555, 558, 562, 565, 566–67, 575, 603, 614–15
Lawrence’s fame enhanced by, 623
Lawrence’s vacillation about, 573–75, 602, 614
Lawrence’s work on, 504, 610, 614–15
negotiations with publishers for, 566–67, 573, 575, 610
publication of (1927), 501, 555, 593n, 617, 622–24
quality of writing in, 615
serialization of, 617
Shaw’s ideas about, 565–67, 572
Rhys, Sir John, 173–74
Richards, Vyvyan W., 156–59
at Jesus College, 156
Lawrence as object of aÃection to, 157–58, 159, 161, 189, 210, 494
Lawrence’s correspondence with, 189, 214, 494
and Morris designs, 156–57, 159
and printing press scheme, 157, 178, 186, 189, 195, 197, 202, 214, 232, 494, 501
and Seven Pillars, 556–57
Richard the Lionheart, 32, 206
Richthofen, Manfred Freiherr von “Red Baron,” 356
Riyadh, ibn Saud’s capital at, 88, 279, 452–53, 484
RMS Rajputana, 635, 636–37, 636
Robertson, Sir William, 284
Robeson, Paul, 668
Rogers, Bruce, 643
Rolls (driver), 409, 427
Rommel, Erwin “Desert Fox,” 686
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 303n, 484
Ross, John Hume:
Lawrence’s RAF name, 542–43
see also Royal Air Force
Rothenstein, Sir William, 508
Rothschild, Lord, 39, 463, 468
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 212
Royal Air Force (RAF):
air strips in the desert, 516
army compared with, 579–80, 602
at Bridlington, Yorkshire, 667, 669–70
Cadet College, Cranwell, 553, 606–9, 616, 624
at Cattewater, 635–36, 640–42
dirigibles, 646–48
“dumb insolence” in, 628
escape clause in, 541, 543, 564
esprit de corps in, 579
at Farnborough, 558–61, 568, 572, 575, 617, 629
at Felixstowe, 660–61
friction caused by Lawrence’s presence in, 628–30, 631, 634–35, 639–40
at Habbaniya, Iraq, 514–15
“Iris” III crash, 651–52
in Karachi, 621–22, 623–24
King’s Regulations on, 628
Lawrence in the ranks of, as John Hume Ross, 535–39, 541–47, 564–65, 569, 572
Lawrence’s desire to re-enter, 602, 603
Lawrence’s discharge from, 574, 575–76
Lawrence’s overseas posting with, 616–17
Lawrence’s recommendations for reform of, 210
Lawrence’s re-entry into, as AC2/AC1 Shaw, 603, 605–9, 621–22, 624, 626, 633, 641, 658
Lawrence’s retirement from, 653, 659–60, 666, 667, 672
limitations of air travel in 1919, 482–83
Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment, 660–61
’e Mint about, 537, 541, 544, 547–54, 597–98, 619, 625, 633, 687
Mount Batten, 642, 646, 650, 651, 659–60
on Northwest Frontier, 631–34
photography school of, 553, 558, 559, 569
public attention to Lawrence in, 566–70, 574, 602, 617, 638–40, 660
RAF Benevolent Fund, 622
recruit training in, 547–54
rescue launches of, 641, 649, 650, 651, 652, 671
and Royal Flying Corps, 477, 514
Seaplane Tenders (200 Class), 409, 653
social class distinctions in, 536, 547, 669
and Trenchard, 514, 536
at Uxbridge, 605–6
at Waziristan, 631–34
Royal Engineers, 51
Royal Flying Corps (RFC):
and aerial photography, 286
and Arab Revolt, 52, 56, 311, 396, 409–10, 514
Handley-Page bombers of, 414–15, 477, 482, 606
history of, 597–98
reconnaissance flights of, 56
as Royal Air Force, 477, 514
and Turkish aircraft, 14, 52, 409–10
and Will’s death, 282
Royal Navy, 21, 223
and Alexandretta plan, 262
and attack on Wejh, 64, 65–66
oil needed for, 40
and World War I, 245
and Yenbo defense, 56, 59, 60
Royal Tank Corps (RTC), 576–81, 589, 591, 594, 597, 602
Ruawalla (Rualla) tribesmen, 403, 416, 423, 429
Russia:
abdication of the czar, 305
and allied shipping, 4
ambitions for Middle East, 12, 38, 39, 40, 81, 253, 270n, 279–80
assault on Erzurum, 283, 289, 291
Bolshevik regime in, 39, 280, 453
and the “great game,” 632
peace with Turkey
, 381, 398
revolution (1917) in, 39, 280, 360
rumors about Lawrence in, 634–35
secret treaties published by, 39, 280, 360, 361, 437
and Sykes-Picot agreement, 39, 40, 81, 279–80, 413
Russian army, in World War I, 4, 10, 242, 246, 249–50, 269, 305
Russo-Turkish War (1877), 246
Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von, 584
Sackville-West, Vita, 274n, 583
Sade, Marquis de, 344, 584
St. Aldate’s Church Lads’ Brigade, 156
St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, 511
Salem (slave), 316, 317, 318
Salim Ahmed (Dahoum), 196
Salmond, Sir GeoÃrey:
and Lawrence in RAF, 537, 631, 635, 660–61
Lawrence’s letters to, 628
and RAF in India, 627, 635
as RFC commander, 396, 514
Salt, as military goal, 380, 391–92, 394, 395, 413
Salter Brothers, 223
Samuel, Sir Herbert, 520–22, 528
Sanders, Limon von, 411, 436
Sanders of the River (film), 668
San Remo, Middle East discussions in, 504
Sassoon, Sir Philip, 650, 660, 670
Sassoon, Siegfried, 265, 321, 452, 589, 591, 641, 656, 679
Saudi Arabia, oil in, 483
Savage, Raymond, 567, 575
Saxe, Maurice de, 28, 366
Sayid Mohammed ibn Ali, 88
Sayyid Talib, 523
Sazonov, Sergey Dmitriyevich, 279–80
Scarlet Pimpernel, The (film), 691
Schneider Trophy competitions, 642–43, 647, 648–50
Scipio, 373n
Scott, George C., 693–94
Serahin, sheikh of, 334
Serahin tribesmen, 334–35, 336, 337
Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Lawrence), 212
on Abd el Kader, 328
abridged (“boy scout”) version of, see Revolt in the Desert
and Allenby, 500, 593, 623
on the Arabs, 316, 499, 500–501
artwork and illustrations for, 504, 511, 513, 529, 562, 599, 615, 621
on Auda, 69, 80–81, 499
on Barrow, 427
on Carson incident, 362–63
on Chetwode, 577
copyright protection for, 495, 501, 592, 617n, 618
costs of producing, 131, 300, 529, 562, 592, 598, 601, 602, 613–14
critical reviews of, 622–23
on Daud and Farraj, 388–90, 393–94
dedication of, 497–99
on demolition activities, 220
on Deraa incident, 343–48, 349, 497, 538, 601–2
and fame, 623
on Feisal, 33, 499, 500
film rights to, 634, 668–69, 691–94
on Hamed’s execution, 72–73
income from, 558, 598, 603, 617, 622
on Lawrence’s army career, 49–50
Lawrence’s contradictory impulses regarding, 500–501, 610
Lawrence’s embellishments of truth in, 593
Lawrence’s maps in, 84
Lawrence’s obsession over, 497, 499–501, 538
Lawrence’s writing of, 471, 483, 485, 492, 494–501, 539–40
limited subscription edition, 495, 558, 562, 589, 591–93, 601, 602–3, 610, 611, 613, 614, 615, 617–18, 687
lost version of, 495–97, 500, 507
as major literary work, 537, 572, 622–24, 687
on military strategy, 74–75, 332–33
negotiations with publishers on, 501, 504, 554–55, 558, 565, 566–67, 571–72, 592–93, 598–602, 614
on Nuri’s appearance, 91
Oxford text (1922), 495, 687
on Paris Peace Conference, 462
places described in, 31
printing of, 539
publication of, 296, 617, 624, 687
and publicity, 555, 614, 617, 621, 634, 668
quality of writing, 139, 319, 322, 369, 409, 500, 557, 661, 662
reworking of, 495, 497, 499, 507–8, 527, 538, 539, 579, 581, 593, 603, 611
serialization of, 617
Shaw’s reading of, 555–57, 562–64, 565–68, 574–75, 592, 594, 599–600, 611
and Shaw’s Saint Joan, 397
and Storrs, 8, 593
on Sykes, 273
on Tafas scene, 418–24
and Trenchard, 615–16, 617, 624
on war, 264–65, 396, 664, 686, 696
war experiences relived in, 477, 492, 499, 538, 542, 570, 601
on Wilson, 11
on Wingate, 46–47
on Young, 382
Shakespear, J. R., 405n
Shakespeare, William, Henry V, 499, 694
Shakir, Sharif, 76–77
Sharif, Omar, 693
Sharraf, Sharif, 85–86
Shaw, Charlotte F.:
and Deraa incident, 349–50, 601, 612, 695
Lawrence’s friendship with, 120, 490, 540, 595–96, 608, 611–12, 640, 644–45, 653
Lawrence’s letters to, 143, 320, 322, 349–50, 525, 601, 610, 611, 612, 618, 644, 655, 657, 664, 668, 670, 695
marriage of, 350, 563, 612
personal traits of, 564
and Seven Pillars, 562–64, 573–75, 599, 611, 612
Shaw, George Bernard, 273
and Casement, 654
death of, 571
fame of, 540, 556, 570–71
genius of, 563
and Lawrence’s army enlistment, 578, 591, 602
Lawrence’s correspondence with, 695
and Lawrence’s fame, 623, 650, 652
Lawrence’s friendship with, 120, 219, 320, 356, 540, 563, 570, 590–91, 595–96, 608, 640, 644
marriage of, 350, 563, 612
on St. Joan, 397, 457n, 578, 595–97
and Seven Pillars, 349, 555–57, 562–64, 565–68, 572–73, 574–75, 592, 594, 599–600, 611, 617, 621
and socialism, 563, 648
and Thomson, 647–48
Too True to Be Good, 588, 619, 657, 670–71
views on grammar, 563, 599–600
Shaw, Robert Gould II, 644
Shaw, Thomas Edward, Lawrence’s name in RTC and RAF, 577–81, 603, 627
Sheikh Saad, as military goal, 417, 418, 424
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 556
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 60
Shobek, as military goal, 359, 360, 365
Sholto Douglas, Lord, 550, 553n
Shotwell, James Thomson, 471–72
At the Paris Peace Conference, 439
Shuckburgh, Sir John, 512, 520, 527
Shukri Pasha el Ayubi, 430, 431, 432, 433
Simpson, Colin, 582n
Simpson, Wallis, 603
Sims, R. G. “Reggie,” 669–70, 671
Sinai desert:
Lawrence’s journey across, 106
map survey of, 232–33, 241, 246
military strategies in, 402–3
Smith, Clare Sydney:
and Biscuit (speedboat), 649, 650–51
’e Golden Reign, 641
and Lawrence’s fame, 636, 638
Lawrence’s friendship with, 161, 607, 645–46
personal traits of, 645
at RAF Cattewater, 641
at RAF Manston, 653
in Singapore, 670
Smith, F. E., 271, 650
Smith, F. Willoughby, 220
Smith, Sydney, 607, 635–36, 638, 640–43, 646, 651, 652, 653
Smith, W. H., 613
SMS Breslau, 248
SMS Goeben, 248, 249
Smuts, Jan, 378, 456
Soleyb people, 208–9
Somme, Battle of, 45, 277
Sontag, Susan, 690
Souchon, Wilhelm, 248, 250
Spanish flu, 476–77
Spiegel, Sam, 691, 692–93, 694
Spielberg, Steven, 693
Spitfire, design of, 643
SS Mongolia, 169
Stalin, Joseph, 303n, 690n
Stamfordham, Lord, 446, 449–50
SteÃens, Lincoln, 475–76
Steiner, Ferdinand, 691n
Stirling, David, 29
Stirling, W. Frank, 427
Safety Last, 319–20, 403
Stokes, Australian soldier, 311, 313, 317
Storrs, Ronald, 7–15, 320
in Cairo, 201, 252, 253–54, 271, 273, 355
and Hussein, 299
in Jerusalem, 353, 354, 520, 521
in Jidda, 14–15
journey to Jidda, 8, 9–13, 293
journey to Rabegh, 17–18
and Lawrence’s death and funeral, 679, 680–81
Lawrence’s friendship with, 7–8, 201, 592
Lawrence’s plans supported by, 17
Orientations (memoir), 8, 13–14
and outbreak of Arab Revolt, 292
and plans for Arab Revolt, 10, 40, 260, 268
and Seven Pillars, 8, 593
and Thomas, 354, 356
Stotzingen, Baron Othmar von, 291
Strachey, Lytton, 200
Strand Magazine, 494
Sudan:
involvement in Arab Revolt, 11–12
military strategy between wars, 29
Suez Canal:
British control of, 234, 515
military strategy toward, 256, 267
military threats toward, 12–13, 63, 83, 232, 234, 263, 269
protection for, 40, 234, 267, 279, 282, 285, 510
purchase of, 234
Suhkuri (Beni Sakhr tribe), 332–33
Sultan el Atrash, 431
Sultan Osman I, 247–48
Swann, Oliver:
and Lawrence in RAF, 508, 542–45, 553, 559–61, 564–65, 566, 569
Lawrence’s letters to, 508, 549–50, 559
Sykes, Sir Mark, 270–81, 304
and Arab Bureau, 273, 284
and Arab flag, 272
and Arab Revolt press releases, 361
background of, 271
and Balfour Declaration, 272, 280, 306
and British-Turkish negotiations, 303–6
death of, 476–77
fact-finding tour of, 271–72, 273
and Feisal, 81–82
and Hussein, 82
and Jerusalem, 351–52
and Lawrence’s moral dilemma, 40, 82, 83, 90, 281
and Nicolson Committee, 274–75
and Sykes-Picot agreement, 38, 81, 90, 275–81
War Committee report by, 274
and Zionism, 272, 280, 352
Sykes-Picot agreement:
and Abdulla, 40
and Arab nation, 39, 81–82, 276, 277–78, 361, 413, 436, 465, 486, 505
Bolshevik publication of, 39, 280, 360, 361, 437
and Britain, 38–40, 67, 81, 269n, 275–81, 300, 305, 306, 361, 444, 451, 453, 455, 458–59, 486, 507, 512
and British-French rivalry, 270, 275
controversial nature of, 276–77, 305, 360, 399, 461, 465
and creation of Israel, 39, 276
and Feisal, 39, 40, 81, 82, 281, 306, 328, 360, 361, 436–37
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