by Jill Jonnes
“Therefore permit me”: Ibid.
“Station operating”: Samuel Rea to Charles Jacobs, telegram, November 29, 1910, Samuel Rea Papers, Accession 1810, carton 145, folder marked “Celebration upon completion of tunnels,” Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware.
26. CODA
“Few buildings are”: Thomas Wolfe, You Can’t Go Home Again (New York: Scribner’s: 1940), p. 38.
“It is not a question”: Hilary Ballon, New York’s Pennsylvania Stations (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), p. 83.
“take cars”: Ibid., p. 89.
“vacant or covered with”: “Is the Pa. Station A Failure?” New York Sun, August 25, 1912, Sunday Real Estate front page.
“The Pennsylvania did not”: Hilary Ballon, New York’s Pennsylvania Stations (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002) p. 92.
“I find my endeavors”: Ibid., p. 89.
“Mr. Egan was”: William D. Middleton, Manhattan Gateway: New York’s Pennsylvania Station (Waukesha, Wis.: Kalmach Books, 1996), p. 99.
“There were people”: Wolfe, You Can’t Go Home Again, p. 39.
“The average traveler”: Lorraine B. Diehl, The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station (New York: Four Walls, Eight Windows Press, 1985), p. 148.
“The ambiguity”: Lewis Mumford, The Highway and the City (New York: Harvest Book, 1963), p. 144.
“a problem because”: Ballon, New York’s Pennsylvania Stations, p. 93.
“The Pennsylvania Station”: “Pennsylvania Station a Monument to Foresight,” Wall Street Journal, November 19, 1917, p. 3.
“We have had”: “Minutes of Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting,” Pennsylvania Railroad Company 1925, p. iv.
“almost singular combination”: “Samuel Rea,” Wall Street Journal, September 23, 1925, p. 1.
“I like to think”: “Atterbury Chosen Pennsylvania. President,” Wall Street Journal, October. 1, 1925, p. 5.
“a weakness for studying”: “Career of Samuel Rea,” (Philadelphia: PRR Information, October 1925), p. 17.
“Tramping and working”: Ibid.
“give us insight”: “Samuel Rea Retires as P.R.R. Head,” Railway Age 79, No. 13 (September 26, 1925): 566.
“The ICC improvised”: Robert Sobel, The Fallen Colossus (New York: Wey-bright and Talley, 1977), p. 341.
“with the roadbeds”: “How Not to Run the Railroads,” Wall Street Journal, September 6, 1961, p. 16.
“Government then spent”: Henry Hope Reed Jr., “Penn Station Tour” (New York: Municipal Art Society of New York, 1962), p. 6.
“a small child”: Ballon, New York’s Pennsylvania Stations, p. 94.
“glass-domed roof”: Diehl, The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station, p.25.
“block access,” Ibid., p. 144.
“the great treason”: Mumford, The Highway and the City, p. 144.
“I lunched yesterday”: Ballon, New York’s Pennsylvania Stations, p. 97.
“You must be wiser”: Suzannah Lessard, The Architect of Desire: Beauty and Danger in the Stanford White Family (New York: Dial Press, 1996), p. 304.
“People never heard”: Diehl, The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station, p. 25.
“You can picket”: Ibid.
“There was not”: Ibid.
“People wanted automobiles”: Ibid.
“a landmark from Philadelphia”: “The Pennsylvania Station,” Fortune, July 1939, p. 138.
“carte blanche for demolition”: “Architecture: How to Kill a City,” New York Times, May 5, 1963, p. 147.
“Pennsylvania Station is no longer”: “Railroad President Says Area and Public Will Benefit,” New York Times, August 23, 1962, p. 28.
“Until the first blow”: “Farewell to Penn Station,” New York Times, October. 30, 1963, p. 38.
“A half century of emotion”: Diehl, The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station, pp. 17–18.
“Still rode the comfortable”: “Ferry to Hoboken Will Stop Nov. 22,” New York Times, November 15, 1967.
“Through it one entered”: Vincent Scully, American Architecture and Urbanism (New York: Praeger, 1969), p. 169.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES
Lorraine B. Diehl’s The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station (1985), the first history of the station, is well written and beautifully illustrated. It set a high standard. Hilary Ballon’s New York’s Pennsylvania Stations (2002) is another well researched, handsome coffee table book, and she covered both the present Penn Station and a possible future redesigned Penn Station. William B. Middleton’s contribution in Manhattan Gateway: New York’s Pennsylvania Station (1996) was his technical explanations. Steven Parissien’s Pennsylvania Station: McKim, Mead and White (1996) with its gorgeous illustrations took a more architectural viewpoint. I enjoyed and drew on all of these earlier works.
So vast are the Pennsylvania Railroad’s old business files that they had to be divided among more than a dozen institutions. Archivist Christopher Baer, leading PRR expert, led the effort to place these valuable corporate records. Baer now works at one of those institutions, the Hagley Museum and Library in Wilmington, Delaware, where the Papers of Samuel Rea proved key to writing certain sections of this book.
But I kept hoping to find the full record of the New York Terminal and Tunnels Extension up in the Pennsylvania State Archives in Harrisburg, which holds Alexander Cassatt’s Presidential Papers. These gigantic Harrisburg PRR archival holdings have no detailed finding aide. Starting in 2000, I begin visiting Harrisburg trying to figure out these labryinthine records and where the Penn Station and tunnel building files might be. Finally, on October 3, 2002, I came upon them largely by accident. It was a thrilling eureka! moment as I realized that every file beginning with a 32 contained material about Penn Station and the North River and East River tunnel projects. It took two full days to work my way through all six cartons with their hundreds of files and thousands of photos just to get a general overview of the contents. As I opened one dusty folder after another to find letters, telegrams, photographs, and reports a century old, I suspected I might be the first person in decades (if not more) to look at these meticulous records. With them, I could write a new, detailed history of the monumental project that remade New York City.
Other useful archival sources were the Forgie Papers at the Smithsonian’s Museum of American History, with their additional North River tunnel material and another trove of photos; the McKim, Mead and White archives at the New-York Historical Society and also at the Avery Library at Columbia University. Finally, the archives of the Pennsylvania Railroad Museum in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, yielded up a few additional materials.
The sole biography of Alexander Cassatt, Patricia T. Davis’s End of the Line: Alexander J. Cassatt and the Pennsylvania Railroad (1978), was commissioned by his family and is workmanlike and useful. Sadly, few of Cassatt’s personal papers survive, whether in any public archive or even in the hands of descendants.
As for the Pennsylvania Railroad, the only history is a corporate endeavor, George H. Burgess and Miles C. Kennedy, Centennial History of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1846–1946 (1949).
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Academy of Music
Action Group for Better Architecture in New York (AGBANY)
Acworth, W. M.
Adams, Charles Francis
Adams, Henry
Albro, Martin
Aldrich, Nelson
Alpine Church
American Academy
American Architecture and Urbanism (Scully)
American Bank Exchange Building
American Society of Civil Engineers
Amerika, S.S.
Anaconda copper mine
Archbold, John D.
Architectural Record
Armours
Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Ashtabula, Ohio, bridge collapse at
Associated Press
Astor, John Jacob
Astor family
Automobile Show
Baer, George F.
Baker, Paul R.
Baldwin, William H., Jr.
and black education
Gilbert recommended by
illness and death of
on need for subway
on subways
and Tenderloin land acquisition
and tunnel project
on “underground bridge,”
Baldwin Locomotive Company
Ballon, Hilary
Baltic, S.S.
Baltimore
Baltimore & Ohio (B&O)
Baltimore Belt Railroad
Bank of England
Bartwick, Kent
Baths of Caracalla
Beaufresne
Bedman, Leon
Bellevue Hospital
Belmont, August, Jr.
bends
Bennett, James Gordon
Bergen Hill tunnel
Bergen Portals
Berkeley Hotel
Bernini colonnade
“Berry Express,”
Berwind-White
Bezilla, Michael
Bigelow, William
Blackwell Tunnel
Board of Aldermen
Railroad Committee
Board of Estimate and Apportionment
Board of Health, New York
Board of Railroad Commissioners
Boston Public Library
Boyer, Joseph
Bradley, William
bribes
and Tammany Hall
bridges, collapse of
Brinkman, Hans
Broad Street Station
Broadway Limited
Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Museum
Brown, William H.
Bruce, Robert V.
Brunel, Marc Isambard
Bryant, William Cullen
Bryce, James
Buchanan, James
Buchanan, Lois, see Cassatt, Lois Buchanan
Burnham, Daniel Hudson
Burr, Aaron
Camden-Atlantic City line
Carnegie, Andrew
Carnegie Steel Co. Ltd.
Carvalho, Mr.
Cassatt, Alexander
B&O coup by
“back door” tunnel plan of
background of
Baldwin’s illness and
becomes president of PPR
business practices of
Carnegie on
at City Hall hearing
and corruption scandal
death and funeral of
and engineering problems
in Europe
free railroad passes and
Gould’s feud with
government railroad regulations and
Harriman advised by
health of
horses loved by
Jacobs’s first meeting with
land sale by
Low’s meeting with
McAdoo’s meeting with
McKim’s meeting with
McKinley’s funeral train arranged by
media attacks on
North River Bridge project and
Pennsylvania Railroad lines extended by
and Pennsylvania Station
pension plan established by
at Pittsburgh strike
plans for extra tunnels and
Platt hired by
on Post Office
and Post Office appropriations
PRR ferries and
on PRR’s limits
PRR stock prices and
Pullman cars desired by
Quay and
and rebate system
Relief fund established by
retirement of
robber barons disliked by
on Roosevelt
Roosevelt’s trip on PRR and
Rymond on
skyscraper idea and
song about
and station contract
statue of
and Tenderloin land acquisition
trainman anecdote about
tunnel announcement made by
and tunnel construction
and tunnel project plans
Western Union poles ordered removed by
Cassatt, Edward
Cassatt, Eliza
Cassatt, Gardner
Cassatt, Katharine (A. Cassatt’s mother)
Cassatt, Katherine (A. Cassatt’s daughter)
Cassatt, Lois Buchanan
Cassatt, Lydia
Cassatt, Mary
Cassatt, Robert (A. Cassatt’s father)
Cassatt, Robert (A. Cassatt’s son)
Celtic, S.S.
Central Pacific
Central Park
Central Railroad
Manhattan accessible by
Central Railroad of New Jersey
Century Club
Chaplin, Charlie
Charles II, King of England
Charles and William Earle
Charles T. Wills Company
Chernow, Ron
Chesterbrook
Cheswold
Chicago (ferry)
Chicago World’s Fair (1893)
Choate, Joseph
Church of St. Asaph
Church of St. Michael
Church of the Redeemer
Citizens Union
City Hall
City Hall Park
City of Augusta (steamer)
City Planning Commission
Civil War, U.S.
Claridge’s
Clock, The (film)
coal, coal industry
ICC investigation of
Coal Commission
Coal Trust
Columbia University
Commercial Advertiser
Commercial and Financial Chronicle
Commercial Cable Building, 220 Committee of Fifteen
Committee on Railroads
Condit, Carl W.
Coney Island
Congress, U.S.
Congressional Limited
Coolidge, Calvin
Cooper & Wigand
Corbin, Austin
Corsair (yacht)
Cortelyou, George B.
Cortland Street ferry
Cosmopolitan
Coupland, William
Court of Appeals, U.S.
Crippen, Hawley
Croker, Richard
business practices of
George Gould and
retirement of
Croton Aqueduct
Cuyler, Thomas
Cymric, S.S.
Czolgosz, Leon
Davies, J. Vipond
Day (Weinman)
DD1
Degas, Edgar
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Delmonico’s
Democratic Party
Depew, Chauncey
De Rousse, O. J.
Devery, Richard
Dewey, Richard
Diana (Saint-Gaudens)
Diehl, Lorraine B.
Diemer, John
Doull, Reginald
Dowling, Frank
Dreamland
Droege, John
Dundee University
Earl, John
East River
bridge project for
tunnel project for
East River Division
East River Rapid Transit
École des Beaux-Arts
Edison, Thomas
Edson Recording Gauge
Egan, William H. “Big Bill,”
Eighth Avenue IND
Engineering News
Enterprise (yacht)
Episcopalianism
Erie Canal
Erie-Lackawanna
Erie Railroad
Evening Post
Evening World
Exchange Place Terminal
Exposition Universelle
Fa
nny (steed)
Federal Building
Felt, Irving
Felt, James
ferries
on Hudson
Roberts’s plan for
see also specific ferries
Fields, T. W.
Finesilver, Isaac
Finesilver, Mrs.
Fitzpatrick, John
Flatiron Building
Ford, Henry
Ford Motor Company
Forgie, James
Fortune
Four Acres
Fourth Avenue Tunnel Gang
Fowler, George
Fowler, President
Fowler Warehouse
Free Library
Frick, Henry Clay
Fuller Construction Company
Fusion ticket
Gaffney, James E.
Gare du Quai d’Orsay
Garfield, James
Garland, Judy
Garrett, John W.
gas board, New York
Gay, Mr.
General Post Office
General Post Office Building
George, Henry
George A. Fuller Company
George Washington Bridge
Gettysburg, Battle of
Gibbs, George
Gibson Girl
Gilbert, Bradford L.
Girl in the Red Velvet Swing, The (film)
Glasgow, William A., Jr.
Gleeson, John A.
Goddard, Morrill
Goldman, Emma
Gould, George
Gould, Jay
Gramercy Park
Grand Army Plaza
Grand Central Station
Grand Depot
Great Depression
Greathead, J. H.
Greathead shield