Lincoln's Boys
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discussion of Civil War and its causes, 4, 7, 272–80, 287–94, 297–98, 307–8, 313–14
discussion of Emancipation Proclamation, 292–93
discussion of Gettysburg Address, 294–96
explanations of Lincoln’s greatness in, 315–16, 322
Gilder and publication in Century, 250–51, 267–75, 278–79, 303
as historical narrative, 278–80, 313–14
influence and reputation of, 4–5, 280, 307, 313–16, 333, 339
length of, 266–67
Lincoln documents analyzed in, 304, 338–39
Lincoln’s death in, 259
Lincoln’s early life in, 256–57, 281–85
Lincoln’s image and, 4–5, 6–7, 254, 300, 314–16
Lincoln’s marriage and family in, 284–85
Lincoln’s portrayal in, 4–5, 280–81, 291–93
McClellan’s portrayal in, 279, 296–98
Northern viewpoint of, 4, 6–7, 272–77, 285–91, 307–8
prose style of, 261
publication in book form, 271, 303
reception of, 278–80, 301–3, 307–8
Robert Todd Lincoln and, 254–57, 260, 285, 303
Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (Sandburg), 306–7
Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (Sandburg), 306–7
Acton, Lord, 321
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 260, 302
Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 208, 214, 219, 250, 251, 300
Adams, Clover, 208, 211–12
Adams, Henry, 219, 301
on Andrew Johnson, 183
Hay’s friendship with, 8, 208–9, 211–12, 325
on Hay’s support for Republican Party, 323–24
on postwar change, 214
on slavery, 29, 54
Adams, Herbert Baxter, 258
African Americans
during Civil War, 113
as “contrabands,” 132, 200, 293, 294
freedmen’s schools, 133
Lincoln’s reputation among, 132
literary portrayals of, 196–203, 265–66, 269
slaves as chattel, 28, 38, 47, 113, 114
in twentieth-century Civil War scholarship, 310, 311
in Union army, 132, 134–35, 149, 151, 152, 168, 293
See also civil rights of African Americans; race relations and racial equality; Reconstruction; slavery
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 224
Allen, Robert, 237
American Conflict, The (Greeley), 250
American Historical Association, 258
American Party (Know-Nothings), 39–40
Andrew, John, 5–6, 158, 219
Angell, Hannah, 16–19, 21, 62, 93
Angell, James, 16, 62
Angle, Paul, 338
Antietam, 121, 297
antislavery politics, before Civil War, 24–32, 113–15
“Bleeding Sumner” episode, 42–43
Compromise of 1850, 25–26, 31, 37
discussion in Nicolay-Hay biography, 291–93
economic views and, 8, 27–30, 39, 116, 217–18
Frémont emancipation affair and, 102–3
Fugitive Slave Act resistance, 26–27, 28, 38
Hay’s views, 115–17
Kansas-Nebraska Act and its aftermath, 31–32, 38, 39–42, 50
later political conservatism and, 7–8, 213–14, 217–18, 220, 226
Lincoln’s views and speeches, 28, 56–57, 73, 289–90
Missouri Compromise, 25, 31, 38, 47, 73
moral arguments in, 27, 28, 53–54, 56, 113–14, 266
Nicolay’s views, 37–39, 43, 50–51
political fallout and alliances, 31–32, 39–40
reaction to Dred Scott decision, 48, 52–53
Republican Party’s founding and, 43–44
twentieth-century scholarly views of, 309, 310–11
and views on African American rights, 27, 51–52
Wilmot Proviso, 24–25
See also abolitionism; emancipation; slavery
Appomattox Court House, 165
Armour, Philip, 215
Arnold, Isaac, 234, 235, 247–48
Ashtabula Creek bridge accident, 212, 223
Atchison, David, 41
Atlanta, surrender of, 156
Atlantic Monthly, 187, 191, 196, 224, 268
Austria, Hay in, 184–86
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad strike, 221–22
Bancroft, George, 232–33, 257
“Banty Tim.” See “Remarks of Sergeant Tilmon Joy”
Barnard, George Grey, 242
Basler, Roy P., 339
Bateman, Newton, 234
Bates, Therena. See Nicolay, Therena Bates
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War series, 269–70, 272
Beard, Charles, 308
Beauregard, P. G. T., 269
Bell, John, 64
Belmont, August, 115
Benét, Stephen Vincent, 306
Bennett, Mrs. James Gordon, 110
Benton, Thomas Hart, 44, 102
Bigelow, John, 173–74, 178, 180, 185, 187
Birth of a Nation, The, 313
Bixby letter, 158–59
Black, Chauncey, 245, 246
Black, Jeremiah, 245, 246
Blair, Frank, 103
Blair, Montgomery, 273
Booth, John Wilkes, 141
Boston Fugitive Slave Act resistance, 26–27
Boutwell, George, 192
Bread-Winners, The (Hay), 224–25, 261
Breckinridge, John C., 64
Britain, Hay in, 324–25
Brockway, Beman, 36
Brooks, Noah, 2, 87, 90, 162, 164, 194, 255, 305
Brooks, Preston, 42
Brough, John, 146, 147
Brown, John, 274
Brown, William Wells, 203
Browning, Orville, 110, 249
Bryant, William Cullen, 48
Buchanan, James, 44, 48–49, 52, 55, 73–74, 82, 168, 226
Buckle, Henry Thomas, 240–41
Buel, Clarence, 269
Bull Run, 101, 103
Burns, Anthony, 26–27
Burwell, William, 91
Butler, Andrew, 42
Cable, George Washington, 268, 272
California, 24, 25
Cambridge Modern History, The, 321–22
Cameron, Don, 323
Cameron, Simon, 104–5, 323
Campaigns of the Civil War series, 286–87
Carlyle, Thomas, 194
Carpenter, Francis, 235, 243
Carr, Clark, 14
Cartter, David K., 61
Castilian Days (Hay), 187
Century Magazine, 224, 267–75, 278–80, 286, 303
Chandler, Zachariah, 192
Channing, Edward, 307
Charleston Harbor, 129, 130, 165
Fort Sumter, 98, 165, 287
Chase, Kate, 161–62
Chase, Salmon P., 27, 97, 122, 220
and Lincoln, 97, 153–54, 298–99
in Nicolay-Hay biography, 298–99
presidential ambitions of, 57, 61, 147, 153, 299
as wartime treasury secretary, 105, 106, 153–54
Chicago
1860 Republican National Convention, 60–63, 259
1871 fire, 194–95
World’s Fair of 1893, 304, 326
Chicago Republican, 191, 193
Chicago Times, 54, 145
Chicago Tribune, 50, 54, 93, 102, 143, 145, 237
Chippewa tribe, Nicolay’s mission to, 127–29
Civil
Rights Act of 1866, 182
civil rights of African Americans
Jim Crow and the twentieth-century civil rights movement, 312–13, 314
nineteenth-century views, 27, 38, 51–52, 290–91
post–Civil War partisan struggles over, 182–83
See also African Americans; race relations and racial equality; slavery
Civil War
alternate names for, 264
broadening of scope, 113–15, 120–21, 143–44
Confederate war crimes, 293
economic impacts of, 136
1861 developments, 98–106, 329
1862 developments, 111–15, 121–23, 296–97
1863 developments, 129–30, 135–36, 147–48
1864 developments, 154, 156
1865 developments, 165
funding and appropriations, 100, 122–23, 146, 154, 215
Greeley peace negotiation incident, 155–56
human toll of, 101, 111, 121, 122, 139, 158, 159–60
impact on nineteenth-century historiography, 258
Civil War (cont.)
Lincoln and Republicans’ political fortunes and, 146
Lincoln’s reelection and, 5–6, 147, 154
opposition and antiwar sentiment, 123, 146
precipitating events, 71–75, 97
See also Lincoln, Abraham, AS UNION COMMANDER IN CHIEF; Union army; specific battles, states, territories, and individuals
Civil War historiography, 6–7, 116, 262–66, 296, 307–14
African American agency and, 313, 314
Century Magazine’s Battles and Leaders series, 269–70, 272
debate over slavery’s causal role, 262–63, 265–66, 288–92, 307–10, 313–14
Nicolay-Hay biography’s viewpoint and contributions, 4, 6–7, 272–77, 285–91, 297–98, 307–8
Nicolay-Hay document collection, 260–61
Nicolay’s contributions to Cambridge Modern History, 321–22
Nicolay’s contribution to Campaigns of the Civil War series, 286–87
Northern interpretation, 4, 264–65
popular literature and, 265–66
Sandburg’s War Years, 306–7
Southern interpretations, 262–64, 313
in twentieth century, 308–14
Civil War’s aftermath
Confederate commemorative organizations, 262–64
North-South reconciliation, 7, 264–65, 268–70, 271–72, 286–88
postwar economic boom and its impacts, 214–23
postwar social change, 132–34, 136, 214, 291
See also Reconstruction
class tensions, 220–24, 326
Hay’s novel about, 224–25
Clay, Henry, 25
Cleveland
as Hay’s residence, 205–6, 211, 322–23
strike of 1877 and, 223
Cleveland, Esther, 174
Clotel (Brown), 203
Coles, Edward, 91
Colfax, Schuyler, 162, 192, 216, 260
Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (Basler, ed.), 339
Collins, Charles, 212
Colorado, Nicolay in, 136
Complete Works (Abraham Lincoln), 304
Compromise of 1850, 25–26, 31, 37, 47
Confederate veterans
Blue and Gray reunions, 265
veterans’ organizations, 263–64, 265
Conscience Whigs, 31–32
Constitution, 28, 143–44, 145
Thirteenth Amendment, 45
Fourteenth Amendment, 182
“contrabands,” African Americans as, 132, 200, 293, 294
Cooke, Jay, 215, 217, 221
Cooke, John Esten, 265
Cortelyou, George, 91
Cotton Whigs, 27
Craft, Ellen and William, 26
Craven, Avery, 309–10
Crédit Mobilier scandal (1872), 216
Crittenden, John, 73
Cuba
Nicolay’s trip to, 164, 166
revolution and Spanish-American War, 325, 327–30
Curtin, Andrew, 139–40, 142, 146, 147
Dana, Charles, 259–60
Dana, Richard H., Jr., 26
Davis, David, 231, 232, 243, 246, 249
Davis, Jefferson, 155, 273–74, 276, 285, 288
Dayton, William, 44, 173
Declaration of Independence, 144, 145, 291
Democratic Party, 23, 24, 86
antislavery politics and, 24–25, 31–32, 39–41, 47–49
1858 Illinois election results, 55
1860 presidential campaign and, 63–64, 68–69
1862 elections, 123
1863 elections, 146
1864 presidential campaign, 156–57
officeholders replaced after Lincoln’s election, 90
and postwar Liberal Party, 219
reaction to Emancipation Proclamation, 122–23
Reconstruction and, 182
Tammany Hall, 216
See also specific Democratic politicians
Desert Land Act, 218
Dickens, Charles, 186
Dix, John, 178–79
Dixon, Elizabeth, 166
d’Orléans, Philippe, 296, 300
Douglas, Stephen A., 25, 31, 38, 47, 56
1858 Senate campaign, 48–56
1860 presidential campaign, 64, 68–69
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 49–50, 53–55, 56, 57
Douglass, Frederick, 144, 266
Dred Scott decision, 47–48, 52–53, 290–91
Dubois, Jesse, 249
Dudley, Thomas, 272
Dunning, William, 310–11
Du Pont, Samuel, 130
Eames family, 97, 107
Early, Jubal, 262, 263
economics
class (labor) legislation, 220
economic critiques of slavery, 8, 27–30, 39, 116, 217–18
economic issues in pre–Civil War politics, 23–24
economic narratives in Civil War historiography, 308, 309, 313
financial crashes and panics, 221, 326
postwar economic boom, 214–23
postwar labor tensions, 221–24
postwar political views and, 7–8, 213–14, 217–18, 220–21, 226
wartime inflation and its impacts, 136
Edwards, N. W., 249
Egypt, Hay’s and Nicolay’s trips to, 321, 325
Eliot, Charles, 302
Ellsworth, Elmer, 69, 329
emancipation, 7, 313
background of proclamation, 113–15, 118–19, 120–21
discussion in Nicolay-Hay biography, 292–93
Lincoln as Great Emancipator, 4, 294, 311–12, 314, 322
Lincoln’s reversals of limited emancipation orders, 102–3, 113, 114
reaction and controversy, 121–23, 136, 292
signing of proclamation, 3, 123–24
social impacts of, 132–34
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 25, 145, 194
England, Hay in, 324–25
Enlow, Abraham, 244
Europe, Hay and Nicolay in, 173–89
Hay as ambassador to England, 324–25
Hay’s early postings, 164, 178–81, 184–89
Nicolay in Paris, 164–65, 174–78, 181, 185, 186
Evarts, William, 207
Everett, Edward, 140, 295
federal patronage, 89–90, 147, 153, 154, 190, 192–93
Fessenden, William Pitt, 31, 220
financial crashes and panics, 221, 326
financial scandals, 216
Fitzhugh, George, 30
>
Fitz Lee, 262, 263
Florida
Hay’s trips to, 129, 130–34, 147–52
Nicolays in, 190, 191
football, 327
Forney, John, 107, 137, 142, 143, 144
Fort Sumter, 98, 165, 287
See also Charleston Harbor
“Foster-Brothers, The” (Hay), 201–3
Fourteenth Amendment, 182
France. See Paris
Franklin, Benjamin, 35
free-labor narratives. See laissez-faire capitalism
Free-Soil Party, Free-Soilers, 31, 32, 39, 41–42
See also antislavery politics
Frémont, Jessie Benton, 102
Frémont, John C., 44, 101–3
French, Benjamin, 108
fugitive slaves
during Civil War, 113, 117, 293, 294
Fugitive Slave Act, 23, 26–27, 28, 38, 73, 290
Gardner, Alexander, 140
Garfield, James A., 209, 210, 214, 254, 323, 331–32
Garrison, William Lloyd, 27
Gettysburg, 135, 136, 139–40, 146
Gettysburg Address, 3, 140–46, 294–96
Giddings, Joshua, 27
Gilder, Richard, 250–51, 267–68, 270–75, 302, 305
See also Century Magazine
Gillmore, Quincy, 149–50, 151
Glover, Joshua, 38
Godkin, E. L., 220
Gone with the Wind, 313
Grant, Ulysses S., 269
during Civil War, 111, 112, 154, 156, 165
as president, 186, 190, 192, 218, 219, 222
on strike of 1877, 222–23
Great Strike of 1877, 221–22, 224
Greeley, Horace, 29, 36, 114, 174, 193–94, 250
1864 peace negotiation incident, 155–56
presidential candidacy, 195, 219
Grimes, James, 5
Grow, Galusha, 94, 99, 123
Guam, 325
Halleck, Henry, 111, 166
Halpine, Charles G., 94
Hamlin, Hannibal, 82, 302
Hammond, James, 29–30, 54
Hanks, John, 289
Hanna, Mark, 323, 324
Hansen, Harry, 306
Harlan, James, 192
Harper’s, 56, 196, 201, 216, 268
Harris, Ira, 110
Harris, Joel Chandler, 265
Harrison, William Henry, 65
Harte, Bret, 199
Hasheesh Eater, The (Ludlow), 15
Hatch, Ozias M., 46, 69, 99
Hay, Adelbert “Del,” 206, 327
Hay, Alice (later Wadsworth), 206, 295, 325
Hay, Augustus, 20
Hay, Charles (Hay’s brother), 12–13, 164, 329
Hay, Charles (Hay’s father), 12, 13, 20, 97
Hay, Clara Stone, 295, 336
courtship and marriage, 204–6, 248
in England, 324–25
during Hay’s tenure as assistant secretary of state, 207, 208, 209–10, 211