Ike and McCarthy
Page 42
Employee Security Program, 224
Ervin, Samuel J., Jr., 289
espionage, 37, 169
Fort Monmouth investigation, 72-80, 92-94, 112, 122, 199, 240
Rosenbergs and, 11, 37
Soviet, x, 2, 37-38, 42-44, 73, 83-90, 226-27
White case, 83-92, 94, 95
Ewald, William, x-xi, 2, 29, 57, 104, 151, 166, 173, 201, 205, 217, 329n25, 344n34
Who Killed Joe McCarthy?, x-xi
Executive Order 10450, 38, 73, 74, 139
Executive Order 10491, 74
Executive Order 10501, 79, 85, 122, 139
executive privilege, 65, 113, 122, 125, 139, 164, 247-48, 257-70, 273-76, 279, 334n32, 335n3
Fallon, George Hyde, 168
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 17, 113, 116, 145, 149, 164, 221, 224-25, 240, 251
Bohlen battle and, 15-26
homophobia, 17-26
White case, 83-92, 94, 95
Feldman, Albert, 60
Ferguson, Homer, 192
Fifth Amendment privilege, 45-46, 74, 103, 108, 130, 131, 240, 268
Finney, John, 154
Fisher, Fred, 218-20, 229, 280-82
Flanders, Ralph, 149, 164-65, 185-89, 192, 276-77, 283-85, 290, 295
resolution against McCarthy, 283-85, 289
speeches on McCarthy, 185-89, 192-93, 203, 276-77, 283-85
Folliard, Edward T., 290
Fort Monmouth investigation, 72-80, 92-94, 112, 122, 199, 240, 323n3
France, 33, 136, 296
Indochina crisis, 136, 237-38, 243, 247, 251, 257
World War II, 140-41
Friendly, Fred, 181, 187
Fuchs, Klaus, 2, 43
“Gee, I Wish I Was Back in the Army” (song), 178-79
General Motors, 13
George, Walter F., 164-65
Germany, 10, 14, 33, 34, 74
Nazi, 15, 46, 273
postwar, 33, 47, 84, 90, 144, 213
Gillette-Hennings Committee, 289, 293
Governmental Operations Committee, ix, 11-12, 128, 206, 254
Government Printing Office, 54
Great Britain, 2, 10, 33, 36, 43, 58, 134, 138, 181, 296
Greece, 36
shipping, 27-29, 82
Greenglass, David, 43
Greenstein, Fred I., 162, 287
The Hidden-Hand Presidency, 195
Hadley, Arthur, 146-47, 154, 155
Hagerty, James, 6, 13, 50-51, 58, 86, 87, 90, 115, 132, 133, 138, 147, 150, 154-62, 175, 178, 181-91, 195, 199, 200, 218-27, 288, 294-95, 352n34
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 207, 211-15, 218, 229, 234, 237, 244-50, 253-68, 271-77, 282
Hall, Leonard, 91, 92, 131, 133, 171, 182, 211, 215, 243
Hammett, Dashiell, 32, 47
Harlow, Bryce, 72, 97, 98, 99
Harvard University, 14, 217
Hauge, Gabriel, 4
Hazlett, Swede, 51, 102, 213, 236
Helms, Paul, 185
Hensel, Struve, 55-56, 66, 68-69, 78-79, 146, 150-53, 163, 167, 170, 190-96
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 205, 215-19, 231-32, 234-35, 238, 241, 242, 252-53, 260, 271-72
charges dropped against, 271-72
Schine report and, 193-96, 199-202, 208, 234, 235
Hickenlooper, Bourke, 214
Hiss, Alger, 2, 270
Hitler, Adolf, 41, 54
McCarthy compared to, 273, 277, 284
Hoffman, Paul, 148
Holloway, James L. III, 55
homosexuality, xi, 17-26, 38, 68, 138, 239-40, 277, 314n19, 364n16
Bohlen controversy, 17-26
McCarthy’s hunt for homosexuals, 17-26, 68, 116, 138
Schine-Cohn relationship, 34, 55-56, 64, 67-68, 76-77, 92-94, 101-2, 114-19, 122-28, 139, 148, 152, 162-65, 168, 190-202, 205, 208-10, 228-35, 239-42, 274-80, 288, 293
Hoover, J. Edgar, 17, 48, 75, 84, 91, 102, 215, 240, 259, 268, 275, 290
Bohlen controversy and, 17, 18, 22
House of Representatives, US, 12, 87
1954 terrorist attack on, 168-69, 172
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 48, 87, 90
Hughes, Emmet, 31, 35, 46, 49, 50
Humphrey, George, 13, 68
hydrogen bomb, 169, 223, 226-28, 278
IIA (International Information Administration), 30-34, 52, 82
McCarthy’s investigation of, 30-34, 52
Indochina, 136, 186
war in, 136, 237-38, 243, 247, 251, 257
International Monetary Fund, 85, 86, 91
Iran, 58, 322n35
Jackson, C. D., 70, 95-99, 108, 210-12
Jameson, William J., 215
January 21 meeting, 121-24, 125, 252-70
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 252-70, 335n3
Japan, 15
Jenkins, Ray H., 224, 228, 230, 234, 238, 245, 248, 266, 283
Jenner, William, 111, 118
Jenner Committee, 111-12
Jensen, Ben, 168
Jews, 94, 127-28
Johnson, Earl, 75
Johnson, Edwin C., 289
Johnson, Lyndon B., xii, 112, 207, 289, 294
Johnson, Robert L., 31-32, 52
Juliana, James, 74, 239
Justice Department, 79, 83, 84, 113, 122
January 21 meeting, 121-25, 252-70
Kaplan, Louis, 80
Kaplan, Raymond, 32, 80
Kennan, George, 15
Kennedy, John F., 208
Kennedy, Robert F., 208
Kieve, Robert, 35, 58, 98, 170
Kilgore, Harley, 165
Knowland, William F., 11, 39, 57, 111, 112, 118, 132, 147, 158, 192-96, 200, 203, 206, 211, 214, 285, 289, 290, 294
Kohler, Walter, 3, 4
Korean War, ix, 2, 3, 9, 45, 108
end of, 53-56, 82, 108, 110, 135
Krock, Arthur, 13, 19, 28, 51, 86, 155, 163, 168, 180, 241, 257, 268-69
Kyes, Roger, 146, 159, 200, 242
Landon, Alfred M., 56
Langer, William, 136
Lawrence, William, 3, 5, 100, 128, 131, 147, 155, 162, 184, 204, 211, 214, 257, 268
Lawton, Kirk V., 72, 76, 80
Lehrbas, Lloyd, 194
Leviero, Anthony, 189
Lincoln, Abraham, xii, 53, 131, 134-36, 178, 237
Lincoln, Gould, 265
Lippmann, Walter, 37, 169, 236, 257, 269
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 6, 13, 43-44, 54, 64, 84, 91, 109, 120-23, 132-33, 137, 149, 151, 158, 162, 169, 171, 176, 183, 252, 287, 337n30, 340n23, 347n9
McCarthy and, 120-24, 151-52, 162-63, 176-77
Schine report and, 162-63, 188, 191, 252-55
London, 36-37
Lousin, Ann M., 250
loyalty boards, 63, 65, 66, 77, 113, 119-28
subpoenas, 119-28, 263, 264
MacArthur, Douglas, 12
MacArthur, Douglas II, 18
Malone, George, 214
Manhattan Project, 225
Marshall, George C., 2-5, 57, 238, 289, 290, 306n6
McCarthy’s attack on, 2-5
Marshall Plan, 28
Martin, Jack, 103-4, 148, 156, 214, 272
Marx, Karl, 41
Matthews, J. B., 48-50, 60
“Reds and Our Churches,” 48
McCann, Kevin, 3
McCarthy, Jean, 70, 139
McCarthy, Joseph R., ix-xiii, 306n6
Adams’s visit to home of, 127-30
alcoholism of, x, 139, 244, 296
anti-Semitism of, 127-28
Army-McCarthy hearings and, see Army-McCarthy hearings
attempt to destroy Eisenhower, 94-100, 108, 144, 149, 152, 174, 252
Bohlen battle, 15-26
book censorship issue, 32-33, 39-42, 46-48, 52, 82, 183, 207
campaign against the Army, 45-46, 55-56, 59-63, 64-81, 83, 104, 107-8, 112-65, 170-96, 199-216, 221-35, 252-70, 278
challenges federal workers to betray their superiors, 272-76
congressional role of, 10-12
&nb
sp; countdown to Army-McCarthy hearings, 217-32
death of, 296
Eisenhower’s hatred of, 1-6, 50-51, 72, 156-58
Eisenhower’s hidden campaign against, ix-xiii, 113-15, 121-24, 161-96, 199-216, 233, 287-88, 296-97, 363n43
executive privilege used against, 65, 113, 122, 125, 139, 247-48, 257-70, 273-76, 279, 335n3
Fisher attack, 280-82
Flanders’s resolution against, 283-85, 289
Flanders’s speeches on, 185-89, 192-93, 203, 276-77, 283-85
Fort Monmouth investigation, 72-80, 92-94, 112, 122, 199, 240, 323n3
“hand-maiden” speech, 291
Hitler comparison, 273, 277, 284
homophobia of, 17-26, 68, 277, 364n16
hunt for communists and homosexuals in State Department, 2, 13-26, 30-33, 38, 54, 111, 116, 128-30, 278
ignored by Eisenhower, 4, 10, 29-30, 51, 54, 96, 98, 110, 133, 166, 175, 208, 295, 345n42
impulsiveness of, 13-14
indictment of, 228-30
investigative subcommittee of, see Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
life after censure, 295-96
Loyalty Board subpoenas, 119-22, 125-28, 263, 264
lunch agreement with Stevens, 150-60, 163, 166-67, 171, 241
lunch with Wilson, 190-91, 193
marriage of, 70
Matthews episode and, 48-50
Murrow programs on, 171-72, 180-81, 187-88, 203, 223-24, 274, 276
one-man hearings, 166
Oppenheimer case and, 225-28
Peress investigation and, 107-8, 130-31, 134, 139-45, 149, 150, 156, 168, 172
physical appearance on television, 244-45
political demise of, ix-xiii, 204, 220, 267-70, 289-97
presidential ambitions of, 53, 64, 96, 100, 109, 124, 131, 157, 158, 227
press and, 2-5, 10, 25, 28-29, 34-35, 50, 63, 73, 96, 100, 128, 131, 138, 143-55, 165, 170-75, 180-89, 204-5, 238, 244-45, 274, 282, 283, 291-94
public opinion on, 80, 109, 131, 220, 267, 291-92
rise of, 2-4
Schine-Cohn affair and, 34, 55-56, 64, 67-68, 76-77, 92-94, 101-2, 114-19, 122-28, 139, 148, 152, 162-65, 168, 190-96, 199-202, 205, 208-10, 228-35, 239-42, 274-80, 288, 293
Schine report and, 162-65, 167, 170, 183-84, 188, 190-96, 199-202, 208-10, 220, 233-35, 241-42, 252-70, 275-79
Senate censure vote on, x, 285, 289-95
shipping agreement negotiations and, 27-29, 82
Stevens’s statement and, 159-62, 164, 176
Stevenson’s March 6 speech and, 178, 180-85, 189, 192, 203, 220
subpoena power of, 112-13, 119-28, 139, 145, 148, 156, 253
threat to subpoena White House advisers, 253-70
treason theme, 131-33
VOA investigation, 30-34
Watkins Committee and, 289-95
Zwicker interrogation, 139-53, 173-75, 180, 187, 199, 293, 294
McCarthyism, ix-x, xii, 5, 38, 46, 50, 71, 87, 90-92, 165, 168, 186, 188, 226, 296
McClellan, John, 111, 128, 144, 202, 206, 207, 227, 256, 258, 261, 262, 272
McClendon, Sarah, 129
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 169
McLeod, Scott, 20-22, 33, 169-70, 182
Meet the Press, 37, 112, 131, 205, 284
Mexico, 161
Milne, Edward J., 246
Minnich, Arthur, 53
Morgan, Gerald, 121, 125, 156, 159, 212, 214, 252, 256
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 90
Mossadegh, Mohammad, 58
Mundt, Karl, 111, 126, 144, 147-55, 158, 205, 214
Army-McCarthy hearings, 206, 210-16, 227-50, 253, 256-72, 280-86, 340n28
Murrow, Edward R., x, 149, 171-72, 180-81, 187-88, 223, 274
Eisenhower and, 223-24
radio program on McCarthy, 274, 276
See It Now program on McCarthy, 171-72, 180-81, 187-88, 203, 223-24
Mutual Broadcasting System, 52
Mutual Security Administration, 28
National Council of Churches, 48
National Guard, 192, 207
National Lawyers Guild, 219, 229, 280, 281
National Security Council, 54
NATO, 2, 6, 15, 141
Nazism, 15, 46, 273
NBC, 37, 131, 182, 284, 288
New Deal, 109
New York Herald Tribune, 41, 178, 203
New York Post, 116, 133
New York Times, The, 3, 5, 12-14, 22, 24, 28, 34, 46, 47, 50, 51, 63, 69, 80, 86, 87, 90, 100, 111, 128, 131, 134, 135, 147, 155, 162, 166, 168-70, 175, 179, 181, 184, 189, 192, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 214, 225, 226, 228, 232, 241, 243, 258, 268, 278, 282, 288
Nixon, Pat, 70
Nixon, Richard M., 2, 28, 39, 50, 53, 58, 70, 84, 112, 131, 135, 147, 168
McCarthy and, 28, 39, 49, 60, 104, 107, 147, 156-59, 163, 167, 203, 269, 291-94, 317n39
response to Stevenson’s March 6 speech, 181-85, 189, 192, 203-4, 220, 224
North Korea, 2, 3, 27, 53-54, 186
trade, 27, 28
nuclear weapons, 2, 82
Eisenhower policy, 82, 100-102, 169, 223, 225-28
Oppenheimer case and, 225-28
Rosenbergs and, 42-44
Soviet, 2, 42, 58, 73, 226-27
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 225-28
Paley, William, 182, 188, 276
Palmiero, Francesco, 60
Paris, 33, 57, 140
Patton, George, 12
Pearson, Drew, 17
Pentagon, 6, 12-13, 56, 65, 67, 80, 92, 119-20, 190, 193, 218, 278
Schine report and, 162-65, 167, 170, 183-84, 188, 190-96, 199-202, 208-10, 220, 233-35, 252-70, 275-79
People’s Voice, The, 61, 62
Peress, Irving, 107-8, 130-31, 134, 139-45, 149, 150, 156, 168, 172
Persons, Jerry, 6, 20, 55, 58, 104, 121, 123, 145, 147, 153, 156, 157, 159, 211-12, 214, 227, 250
Phillips, William, 29
Potter, Charles, 48, 75, 126, 137, 140, 144, 147, 149, 150, 184, 190, 202, 207, 210, 211, 241-42, 245, 253, 256, 261, 272, 276, 286, 347n11, 358n34
Powell, Doris Walters, 60-63, 67
presidential elections:
of 1952, xii, 1-6, 11, 290
of 1956, 10, 108-9, 121, 124, 287-88, 307n4
press, xii, 2-5, 34, 41, 48, 51, 86, 96-100, 120, 178
on Army-McCarthy hearings, 206-16, 218, 229, 232-34, 241, 244-50, 257-58, 263-69, 272, 275, 283-88
Eisenhower and, 2-5, 96-100, 115-17, 129, 133, 137-38, 155, 166, 172-78, 180-89, 192, 211-13, 221-25, 236, 243-47, 251, 263-67, 274-77, 282-88, 295-97
McCarthy and, 2-5, 10, 25, 28-29, 34-35, 50, 63, 73, 96, 100, 128, 131, 138, 143-55, 165, 170-75, 180-89, 204-5, 238, 244-45, 274, 282, 283, 291-94
Murrow programs in McCarthy, 171-72, 180-81, 187-88, 203, 223-24, 274, 276
on Oppenheimer case, 225-27
on Schine report, 163, 190-96, 199-205, 208-10
on Stevens affair, 151-60
on White case, 86-92
on Zwicker interrogation, 143-49
See also specific publications
Protestant clergyman, accused of communist ties, 48-50
“Psychological and Cultural Traits of Soviet Siberia,” 66
Puerto Rico, 168, 169, 172
race, xi, xii, 60, 62
desegregation, 82, 110, 262, 264, 265, 342n3
radio, 109, 134, 274
Murrow program on McCarthy, 274, 276
Rankin, Lee, 66, 78-79, 257
Rayburn, Sam, 168
Reader’s Digest, 296
Reber, Miles, 55, 63
Reeves, Thomas, 233
Republican National Committee, 1, 91, 131, 133, 170-71, 178, 184, 215, 243
Republican Party, ix, 1-6, 11-12, 39, 82, 103, 118, 171, 203, 215
1952 presidential election, 1-6
1954 Congressional elections, 72, 91, 92, 109, 112, 117, 118, 120-21, 131, 135, 215, 288, 291
Stevenson’s March 6 speech and, 178, 180-85, 189, 192, 203, 220
; Resolution No. 261, 284
Reston, James, 87, 89, 91, 96, 100, 102, 133-36, 145-46, 162, 172, 174, 180, 204, 234, 241
Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad, 58
Rhee, Syngman, 45
Ridgway, Matthew, 67, 143, 241
Roberts, Kenneth, 168
Robinson, William, 203
Rogers, William, 6, 13, 49, 64, 66, 104, 107, 112, 113, 120, 121, 126, 137, 144, 147, 156, 159, 171, 252, 257, 275
Roosevelt, Franklin D., xii, 2, 12, 15, 71, 103, 109, 131, 290
Roosevelt, Nicholas, 71, 72, 99
Rosenberg, Ethel, 11, 37, 42-44
execution of, 42-44
Rosenberg, Julius, 11, 37, 42-44, 72-75
execution of, 42-44
at Fort Monmouth, 72-75, 112
Russell, Richard, 190
Ryan, Cornelius, 271
St. Clair, James, 218-20, 288
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 88
Saltonstall, Leverett, 138, 206, 292
Sarnoff, David, 182
Scherer, Ray, 288
Schine, G. David, 11, 33-34, 60, 75, 314n19
Army assignment, 55-56, 64, 67-68, 76-77, 92-94, 101-2, 114-19, 122-28, 136-38, 162-65, 190-202, 205, 213, 220, 228-40, 252-71, 274-80, 288, 293
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 228-32, 233-88
IIA investigation, 33-37
relationship with Cohn, 11, 33-34, 55-56, 64, 67-68, 76-77, 92-94, 101-2, 114-19, 122-28, 139, 148, 152, 162-65, 168, 190-96, 199-202, 205, 208-10, 228-35, 239-42, 274-80, 288, 293, 314n19, 363n43
Schine report, 162-65, 167, 170, 183-84, 188, 190-96, 199-202, 208-10, 220, 233-35, 241-42, 259, 267, 275-79
release of, 163, 167, 171, 184, 193-96, 199, 202, 242, 276
role in Army-McCarthy hearings, 233-70, 275-79
Schorr, Daniel, 138
Sears, Samuel P., 218-19, 224
Seaton, Fred, x-xi, 4, 6, 56-59, 66, 72, 113, 121, 137, 146, 196, 205, 210, 216, 287, 334n32, 347n11, 349n39
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 216, 218-19, 235, 238-50, 254-55, 266, 270, 278-79
Eisenhower and, 56-59, 123, 170, 177
McCarthy and, 56-57, 68-69, 113-17, 151-54, 157, 170, 177
as Pentagon liaison with Congress, 56-59, 65, 68-69, 77-79, 113-17, 151-54, 157, 159, 162-64, 170, 177
Schine report and, 162-64, 167, 170, 184, 188, 190-96, 199-202, 208-10, 235, 278-79
Seaton, Gladys, 57
Secret Service, 168
See It Now, x, 171
McCarthy program, 171-72, 180-81, 187-88, 203, 223-24
Senate, US, ix, 2, 6, 11, 45, 53-54, 57, 82, 118, 164
Bohlen battle, 15-26
censure vote on McCarthy, x, 285, 289-95
Flanders speeches on McCarthy, 185-89, 192-93, 203, 276-77, 283-85
Watkins Committee, 289-95
Senate Armed Services Committee, 206
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 15, 16, 19, 22, 54
Bohlen controversy, 15-26
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 111