Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History)

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Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History) Page 157

by Kershaw, Ian


  Bodenschatz, General Karl Heinrich 376, 396

  Boehm, Admiral-General 207

  Boeselager, Lieutenant-Colonel Georg Freiherr von 661

  Bohemia 46, 164, 165, 166, 172, 479; Kings of 171

  Bohle, Gauleiter Ernst Wilhelm 15, 376

  Boldt, Gerhard 825

  Bolshevism 18, 20, 38, 82, 159, 160, 205, 310, 378, 416, 433, 479, 525, 609, 615, 703, 818, 819, 832, 835, 840, 841; anti-Bolshevism tactic 25; and ‘Barbarossa’ 387, 388, 389; and the Catholic bishops xxxix; and Czechoslovakia’s strategic position 97; fear of xlv; Heé’s mission 379; H’s crusade against 335, 384, 406, 505, 555–6, 636–7; and H’s foreign policy 12; and H’s ‘world-view’ 21; and Italy 25; and Jews 17, 19, 39, 42, 127, 153, 325, 339, 343, 350, 353, 354, 359, 382, 399, 431, 461, 463, 465, 466, 620, 740, 749, 752, 781, 792; and a showdown with the Soviet Union 305; and the Spanish Civil War 14–15; Stalin and 285, 292

  Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 663, 667

  Bonn 760

  Bonnet, Georges 206

  Bor-Komorowski, General Tadeusz 724–5

  Border Police School, Pretzsch 382

  Börgermoor internment camp, Emsland 55

  Boris, King of Bulgaria 366, 581

  Bormann, Albert 32

  Bormann, Gerda 789

  Bormann, Martin 32, 144, 202, 227, 231, 236, 245, 259, 315, 350, 372, 375, 378, 396, 405, 406, 421, 424, 425, 428–9, 506, 508, 522, 568, 569, 616, 698, 707, 709–12, 738, 741, 776, 789, 798, 800, 801, 816, 819, 825, 827, 829, 832; and the assassination attempt 706; begs Speer to persuade H to leave the bunker 806; in the Committee of Three 568, 570; forces Göring to resign 807–8; H relies on concerning domestic matters 571; and H’s cremation 829, 830; names Fromm 689; Party Minister 823, 830; political and organizational matters 714; position strengthens 715–16; the Prussian Finance Ministry 575; remains wholly loyal 774; restructures the Party 790; and the Schirach incident 590; ‘Secretary of the Führer’ 572, 715; sets up quasi-guerrilla organizations 790–91; signs the Political Testament 823; suicide 833–4

  Borneo 326

  Bornewasser, Bishop Franz Rudolf 427

  Bosch, Hieronymus 85

  Bottrop 761

  Bouhler, Philipp 253, 258, 259, 260, 429, 571

  Brabant 518

  Brack, Viktor 258–61

  Brahms, Johannes 513

  Brandenburg asylum 261

  Brandt, Frau 651

  Brandt, Lieutenant-Colonel Heinz 661, 662, 674

  Brandt, Karl (H’s doctor) 137, 235, 253, 256, 259, 260, 294, 429, 727

  Brandt, SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf 484

  Bratislava 169, 791

  Brauchitsch, Walther von 58, 72, 75, 76, 78, 94, 97, 101–4, 146–7, 178, 209, 215, 216, 217, 225, 246, 247–8, 266, 268, 269–70, 277, 278, 290, 296, 298, 303, 306, 335, 344, 345, 346, 355, 384, 396, 407, 411–14, 417, 418, 434, 441, 450–53,454, 536

  Braun, Eva 199, 512, 564, 634, 639, 797, 807, 816; cremation 829–31; in the Führer Bunker 776, 798, 801, 804, 821, 827; H’s treatment of 34; marries H 820–21; her room in the ‘Führer Apartment’ 32, 34; suicide 828; suicide attempts 35

  Braun, Gretl 199

  Braun, Wernher von 622

  Braunau am Inn 79

  Bräutigam, Otto 478

  Bredow, Major-General Ferdinand von xxxvi

  Breitenbuch, Rittmeister Eberhard von 670

  Bremen 535

  Brenner border 76

  Brenner Pass 291, 327, 382

  Breslau 762, 779, 823; Festival of German Singers (1937) 37–8; Jews deported from 485; under siege 759

  Brest 504, 719, 720

  Brest-Litowsk 395, 398

  Britain 752; accepts the need for war 174; the Blitz 309, 310; Churchill evokes resilience and idealism 286; and Czechoslovakia 95–6, 97, 118, 173; declares war on Germany 223; economic blockade of 284; economy 402–3; ‘encirclement policy’ 178; the ‘eternal trouble-causer in Europe’ 783; Foreign Office 25, 203; Goebbels favours the devastation of English ‘cultural centres’ 510; Göring wants an agreement 50, 67, 771–2; Guarantee to Poland 155, 175, 178, 179, 190, 212, 216, 218, 237, 586; H obsessed with ‘beating England’ 278; H prepares for conflict with 169, 192–3; H warns against underestimating 43; hatred for 275, 300; Heé’s flight to Scotland 369; Home Guard 370; H’s high esteem of British resilience and fighting-power 264; H’s ‘Offer’ regarding Poland (August 1939) 213, 216, 217; H’s ‘peace offer’ 300, 301, 306, 379; H’s ‘peace plan’ 3–4; H’s plans for dealing with 292–3; intelligence 585, 586; intervention in Greece 366; invasion seen as a last choice 301–2; and Iraq 381; Jewish influence 489; Jewish refugees 145, 146; military alliance with Poland 215; mutual assistance agreement with Russia (1941) 457; Naval Pact with the Reich (1935) xxxviii, 23, 189, 190; oil supplies 530, 537; the race for Norway 287–8; rearmament 25, 157; Ribbentrop’s hatred of 44, 90, 159, 160; Secret Service 271, 274, 373, 377, 380; and the Soviet-German non-aggression pact 206, 212, 213; ultimatum to Germany 223, 230; War Office 295; weakness of xxxvi, 43, 44, 48

  British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) (BBC) 373, 600, 816

  British Empire 25, 48, 49, 95, 168, 190, 213, 216, 293–4, 295, 298, 302, 304, 377, 401, 405, 456, 504

  British Expeditionary Force 295, 297, 367

  British Guarantee to Poland 155

  British Union of Fascists 302 ‘Britons, The’ (antisemitic organization) 320

  Brittany 718, 720

  Brjansk and Viaz’ma double battle 433 broadcasting: the Berlin Olympics 8; the ‘people’s radio’ (Volksempfänger) xl

  Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), West Prussia 242, 763

  Brooks, Collin 211

  Bruckmann, Frau Elsa 33

  Bruckmann, Hugo 33

  Bruckner, Anton 513

  Brückner, SA-Gruppenführer Wilhelm 31, 186, 218, 235

  Brûly-de-Pesche 297

  Brussels 722

  Buchanan Castle, near Loch Lomond 371

  Bucharest 328, 723

  Buchenwald concentration camp 141, 768

  Bückeberg, Hanover 38

  Budapest 627, 734, 735, 736, 757; Citadel 734–5, 736, 738; Jews 624, 736; Soviet troops enter 758

  Bug river 238, 244, 630

  Bühler, Josef 493

  Bukovina 332, 351, 384

  Bulgaria 361, 603, 617, 719, 723–4, 734

  Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM; German Girls’ League) 81–2, 142

  Bürckel, Gauleiter Josef 81, 315, 323

  Burckhardt, Carl 201, 202, 203, 250

  Burgdorf, General Wilhelm 733, 788, 797, 798, 803, 823, 825, 827, 830

  Burgsinn, Lower Franconia 142–3

  Burgundy 267

  Burma 326

  Busch, Field-Marshal Ernst 103, 464, 646, 647, 649, 667, 670

  business community, Groraumwirtschaft concept xliv

  Bussche, Captain Axel Freiherr von dem 669

  Busse, General Theodor 788, 793, 802, 809, 813, 814

  Cádiz 16

  Cadogan, Sir Alexander 203, 211, 379–80

  Cameroon 434

  Canada, attempted landing of troops in Dieppe 436

  Canadian 1st Army 760

  Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm 90, 109, 207, 225, 231, 262, 268, 270, 667, 690

  Canary isles 327, 328

  Carinhall 68, 799

  Carlyle, Thomas 783, 791

  Carpathians 169, 626, 756

  Casablanca (Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, January 1943) 577, 755

  ‘Case Green’ 88, 101, 106, 109 ‘Case Otto’ 76

  ‘Case White’ (Fall Weiß) 179, 213, 214

  ‘Case Yellow’ (western offensive) 266, 289–91

  Caspian Sea 529, 532

  Catholic Church 39; and the Anschluß 81, 82;

  and euthanasia 256, 259; Nazi attacks on xxxvi, 29, 702

  Catholic Ultramontanism 147

  Caucasus 408, 409, 411, 413, 416, 434, 438, 440, 499, 513, 514, 518, 523, 528–31, 535, 536, 544, 545, 591, 603

  Cavalero, Marshal Count Ugo 546
r />   Central Africa 520, 521

  Central Office for Jewish Emigration 147–8

  Chamberlain, Neville 116, 164, 772; Birmingham speech 174, 177; blamed for the Allied fiasco in Norway 289; blames H solely for the war 224; evaluation of H 112; letter to H (22 August 1939) 211–12, 216; the Munich Agreement 122, 123; pledges support of Poland 155, 177–8, 213; proposals on the Czech issue 119; rejects the ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 239, 265–6, 267; talks with H over Czechoslovakia 110–14, 117; view of H 61, 157

  Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips’ 7–8, 211

  Charlemagne 703

  Charleville 296

  Charlottenburg 816

  Chefbesprechungen (discussions of departmental heads) 313

  Chelmno, Warthegau 485, 490, 520, 838

  Cherbourg 641, 642, 643, 720, 722

  Chiang Kai-shek 55

  Chiemsee 571

  ‘child-euthanasia’ 257–60

  China: and a German-Japanese rapprochement 26–7; H anticipates a Japanese victory 44

  Choltitz, General Dietrich von 722

  Chotin 463

  Christian, Gerda 804, 827, 833

  Christianity, Jewry and 488

  Christie, Group Captain 46

  Church Struggle xxxvi, xxxviii–ix, 28, 39–41, 46, 81, 184, 185, 235

  Churches: attacks on xxxvii, xl, 130, 424, 428, 429; and eastern expansion 449; and euthanasia 255, 257, 259; and ‘euthaniasia action’ 426–7; lack of protest against treatment of Jews 146; a pet theme for Goebbels 509, 516; Rosenberg attacks 199

  Churchill, Sir Winston 383, 412, 536, 612, 760, 772, 782, 788; and America’s entry into the war 442; and the British Empire 298; concerned to speak to the British public 420; destruction of French ships at Mers-el-Kébir 301; and Dunkirk 297; during ‘Barbarossa’ 416; evokes resilience and idealism in the British people 286; First Lord of the Admiralty 230; and the Heé affair 370–1, 373, 375, 378, 379; H’s arch-enemy 286; meeting with Roosevelt at Casablanca 577; and Norway 288, 289; and the Russian war-machine 433; ‘warmonger’ 304, 306; at Yalta 761,778

  Chvalkovsky, Franzisek 127, 152, 170

  Ciano, Count (the ‘Ducellino’) 25, 26, 98, 121, 196, 198, 203–4, 291, 292, 298, 301, 304, 322, 327, 328, 347, 364, 366, 383, 387, 444, 513, 541, 542, 546

  Cincar-Markovic, Aleksandar Yugoslav Foreign Minister 362

  clergy: harassing of xxxvi; influence of xxxviii; led by public opinion xxxviii–xxxix

  Cologne 760, 782; bombing of 524, 704; political activism 704, 705

  colonization 244

  Columbia 134

  Comintern 211

  ‘Commissar Order’ (6 June 1941) 357–9, 658

  Committee of Three (Dreierausschuß; Keitel, Lammers and Bormann) 569–70, 571, 574, 575, 577

  Communism: in Czechoslovakia 88; and Fascism 17; murder of Communists in Russia 463, 464; the Spanish Civil War 14, 15, 16; in Stalingrad 534; suppression of xxxvi, xxxvii, xl, xlii; see also Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands

  Community Foundation for the Care of Asylums 260

  Community Patients’ Transport Service 260, 429

  concentration camps: and the Church xxxix, 428; ‘euthanasia-centres’ 430; resistance members in xxxvii; and the Russian people 470; see also individual camps

  ‘Confessing Church’ 41

  conscription xxxvii–xxxviii

  conservative élites xxxvii, xxxviii, xlii

  Conti, Dr Leonardo 259, 260

  Copenhagen 288

  Corsica 328, 542, 600

  Cossack (destroyer) 287

  Cotentin peninsula 640, 641, 643

  Cottbus 798, 802

  Coulondre, Robert 215

  coup d’état 263, 268

  Courland 757, 759

  Courland army 798

  ‘Court of Honour’ 688

  Coventry 310

  Cracow 244, 318, 320, 482

  Craig, William 370

  Cremona 594

  Crete 367

  Crimea 400, 401, 402, 413, 414, 415, 434, 440, 451, 455, 600, 602, 603, 617, 618, 630, 631, 650, 723

  Cripps, Sir Stafford 379

  Croatia 470, 782

  Croydon airport 110

  Crystal Night (9–10 November 1938) 130–1, 135, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 184, 472

  Csáky, István 166

  Cuba 145

  currency, foreign 10

  Cvetkovic, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia 360, 362

  Cyprus 383

  Czech army 88, 96, 115

  Czechoslovakia 43, 133, 163; armament plants 89; arsenal 165; and Austrian refugees 85; British reaction to the invasion 173–4; ‘Case Green’ 88, 101, 106, 109; central Europe’s last, betrayed, democracy 71; Communism in 88; Czechs’ alleged oppression of Sudeten Germans 91, 96–7, 107, 111, 114; deportation of Jews 488; Einsatzgruppen 241, 246; eliminating Czech resistance 487–8; ethnic minorities 88; founded (1918) 88; generals discuss a potential invasion 102–3; German army enters (1939) 171, 225; the German Protectorate 172; Η aims to destroy 87–8, 92, 93, 100, 116, 136, 158, 163–4; Hácha signs agreement 171; Hácha’s meeting with H 170–1; H’s ultimatum 116–17, 119; industrial base 88, 161, 164; industries 164–5; the Karlsbad demands 106, 108, 109; Keitel’s plan for military action 97, 101; mobilization (May 1938) 99, 111, 115, 190; mobilization plans against 51, 115, 120; name changed to Czecho-Slovakia 164; a potentially hostile neighbour xlv; proposed German expansion 49–50, 61; raw materials 89, 164; Slovakian demand for independence 168–9; strategic position 97, 165; Sudetenland 136, 157, 160, 161, 164, 172–3, 241, 251, 664; crisis (1938) 44, 46, 61, 86, 87, 91, 95, 105, 109, 110, 116, 118, 121, 123, 124, 132, 147, 158, 179, 190, 200, 205, 218, 262, 655; treaties with France and Soviet Union 95; weakened by the incorporation of Austria 84; the ‘Weekend Crisis’ 99–100

  D-Day 641, 723

  Dachau concentration camp 141, 274, 768

  DAF see Deutsche Arbeitsfront

  Dahlem 7

  Dahlems, Birger 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222–3, 226, 379

  Daily Telegraph 84

  Dakar 329, 331

  Daladier, Edouard 112, 121, 122, 175, 216

  Danish navy 288

  Dannecker, Theo 322, 352

  Danube region 777

  Danube river 79, 169, 434, 723, 757, 787

  Danzig (Gdansk) 67, 165, 166, 172, 177, 178, 179, 181, 190, 200–3, 216, 219–22, 225, 236, 238, 247, 788; Customs Office 201

  Danzig Question 158, 177

  Danzig-West Prussia 239, 250, 316, 837

  Daranowski, Gerda 235, 396–7

  Darían, Admiral Jean François 542

  Darmstadt 788

  Darré, Richard Walther 10, 162, 187, 374

  Davos 136

  Delp, Pater Alfred 666

  democracy: attack on xlii; central Europe’s last, betrayed, democracy 71

  Denmark 287, 288, 405, 603–4, 834

  Dessau 137

  Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF; German Labour Front) xl, 836

  Deutsche Bank 132

  Deutsche Volksliste (German Ethnic List) 251

  Deutsches Jungvolk 765

  Deutschkron, Inge 474–5

  Deutschland (pocket-battleship) 43, 49, 176

  ‘Deutschland, Deutschland über alles’ (German national anthem) 561

  Dienststelle Ribbentrop 26

  Dieppe 536, 660

  Dietrich, Otto 32, 78, 170, 294, 373, 396, 623, 678

  Dietrich, SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp 32, 743, 757, 787, 803, 817

  Dirlewanger Brigade 725

 

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