Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History)

Home > Other > Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History) > Page 158
Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History) Page 158

by Kershaw, Ian


  Dirschau 222

  Disraeli, Benjamin 123

  Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire 370

  Djibouti 328

  Dnieper river 346, 410, 413, 434, 597, 599, 602, 603, 616, 617, 618, 629

  Dniester river 463, 630

  Dobbin 826

  Dohnanyi, Hans von 262, 268, 659, 667

  Dollfué, Engelbert 65, 66

  Dollmann, General Friedrich 638

  Don river 416, 526, 529, 530, 538, 546

  Donald, Major Graham 370

  Donets Basin 410, 413, 415, 578, 600

  Dönitz, Grand-Admiral Karl 585, 631, 650, 684, 719, 757, 774, 779, 792, 798, 800, 804, 808, 813, 815, 817, 820, 823, 825, 832, 834, 835, 837

  Dorpmüller, Julius 800

  Dorsch, Xaver 634

  Dortmund 587, 761

  Dresden 511, 761, 764–5, 779; Jews in 766

  Dresdner Bank 132

  Duisburg 535, 587, 792

  Dulles, Allen 834

  Dünaburg 398

  Dunkirk 295–7, 321

  Düsseldorf 142, 535, 587, 760, 840

  Dutch East Indies 326

  Eagle’s Nest (Adlerborst), Kehlstein 198, 202, 203, 638

  East Prussia 158, 239, 261, 334, 414, 420, 432, 437, 483, 501, 527, 546, 565, 595, 614, 650, 651, 715, 719, 740, 741, 749, 756, 758, 759, 762, 763, 769, 779

  ‘East-West Axis’ 183, 184

  eastern expansion xliv, 188, 203; see also expansionism; ‘living-space’

  Eastern Question 334

  ‘Eastern Wall’ 403

  Ebermannstadt, Upper Franconia 221

  Eberswalde 793

  Echtmann, Fritz 831

  Economic Staff for the East: Agricultural Group 406

  Ecuador 134, 320

  Edelweié Pirates 704

  Eden, Anthony (later 1st Earl of Avon): and Bishop Bell 663; and the Heé affair 379–80; and H’s ‘peace plan’ 3–4; resignation 73

  Edward VIII, King (later Duke of Windsor) 24, 302

  Egypt 189, 350, 523

  Eichmann, Adolf: deportations to the Nisko district 318; favours a Jewish state in Palestine 134; forces the emigration of Viennese Jews 131; hanged 837; and the ‘Madagascar solution’ 322, 324; runs the ‘Jewish Section’ of the SD 42; suggests pogroms 136; the Wannsee Conference 492, 493

  Eicken, Professor Karl von 694

  Eifel 741

  Einsatzgruppe A 463

  Einsatzgruppe Β 463, 466

  Einsatzgruppe C 463, 468

  Einsatzgruppen (‘task groups’): Czechoslovakia 241; Poland 241, 243, 244, 246; reports of slaughter in Russia sent to Η 520; Soviet Union 381–2, 461, 463–9, 477

  Einsatzkommando 3 463, 468

  Einsatzkommando 4a 468

  Einsatzkommandos (‘task forces’) 382, 485

  Eisenhower, General Dwight D. 722, 745, 760, 819, 835, 836

  El Alamein 534, 538

  Elbe river 802, 805, 809, 810

  Elberfeld 587

  Elbrus mountain 530

  ‘elections’ (29 March 1936) xxi, 3

  Elisabeth, Czarina 791

  Elser, Georg 263–4, 271–5, 2–78, 656

  Elsterwerda 802

  employment 712–13; female labour 563, 567–8, 713; forced labour 707, 736; foreign labour 162, 317, 713; Führer Decree (13 January 1943) 568; Jewish labour gangs 492–3; Jewish skilled workers 486; labour shortages xlv, 162, 186, 187, 502, 515, 540, 707; low wages xxxvi, 423, 449; new sources of skilled labour 161; poor work conditions xxxvi, 423, 540; prisoners-of-war 449

  Engel, Major Gerhard 54, 235, 248, 302, 332, 344, 350, 438, 532.

  English Channel 295, 310, 504

  Erbkrank (Hereditarily 111) (film) 257

  Essen 761, 791

  Esser, Hermann 512, 781

  Estonia 194

  ‘ethnic cleansing’: authorized by Η 240; Heydrich explains the programme 243–4; instigated by the SS 240–1; liquidation programme at its core 248

  ethnic minorities xv

  Etzdorf, Rittmeister Hasso von 262, 269 eugenics programmes 234

  Eupen-Malmedy 664

  Euskirchen 294

  ‘euthanasia action’ 235, 252–61, 263, 426–9, 462, 480, 483, 522, 838

  Evian Conference (1938) 145

  Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) (film) 249, 323, 349–50

  Exeter 520

  expansionism xliv–xlv, 24, 49, 60, 64, 87, 95, 124–5, 129, 157, 161, 173, 241, 305, 343; see also eastern expansion; ‘living-space’

  exports xxxviii, 162

  Falaise Pocket 721, 723

  Falkenhorst, General von 287

  Fallersleben 197

  Far East 13, 25, 442, 504, 505

  Farinacci, Roberto 594, 596, 597

  Fascism 596; Austrian-nationalist 65; and Communism 17; in Italy 581, 586

  Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael 29–30

  Fegelein, SS-Gruppenführer Hermann 797, 816, 818, 819, 820

  Fegelstein, Gretl (née Braun) 797

  Fellgiebel, General Erich 672, 673, 675, 687, 690, 692

  Felsennest (Rock Eyrie) (Führer Headquarters near Münstereifel) 294, 300

  Feltre, near Belluno 593

  Fifth Army (Soviet) 413 ‘fifth-columnists’ 488

  ‘Final Solution’ 151, 252, 321–2, 352, 463, 471, 481, 487, 489, 492, 493, 495, 520, 559, 603, 636, 736, 822

  Finland 308, 333, 334, 524–6, 617, 624, 645, 724

  Finnish war 286, 287

  First Reich 335

  First World War 657, 834; the armistice (1918) 298, 542; blasting of craters with howitzers 454; collapse of morale on the home front 563; ‘fifth-columnists’ 488; German humiliation and loss of national pride xv; H’s experiences 403, 473, 611, 754; Lloyd George and H reminisce 29; the ‘world war’ term 490

  Fischlham 197

  Flanders 299, 434, 454, 518

  Flensburg 834, 835

  Flick concern 132

  Florian, Gauleiter Friedrich Karl 786

  Foch, Marshal Ferdinand 298

  food crisis xxxvi, 10, 12, 20, 47, 48, 49, 423, 480–81, 506, 507, 540

  ‘Foreign Armies East’ department 756

  foreign exchange 9, 11, 162

  Forest of Compiègne 298

  Forster, Gauleiter Albert 67, 200, 201, 202, 219, 222, 239, 247, 250, 251, 315, 316, 837

  Förster, General Helmuth 455

  Four Year Plan organization 22, 226, 313, 354, 406, 492, 502

  France: armistice with Germany 298–9; armistice with Italy 299; and the Axis powers 514; and Czechoslovakia 95, 96, 99, 118, 119–20; declares war on Germany 223; deportation of Jews from occupied area 485; divided 299; evacuation of 649; government crisis (1938) 75; H gambles everything on her defeat 285; H mentally distributes provinces 267; H’s plans 293, 542; H’s triumph 286, 421; H’s view of the French military 264, 265; industry 784; and the ‘Madagascar solution’ 322; Napoleon’s legacy xvi; necessity of holding on to 719; northern 291, 295, 745; occupation of southern France 542; Popular Front 14; rearmament 157, 175; and the Soviet-German non-aggression pact 206; Vichy 323–4, 331, 342; weakness of xxxvi

  Franciscans, ‘immorality trials’ of (1937) 40

  Franco, Francisco xvii, 13–16, 25, 44, 207, 332;

  and the Axis 327; Hendaye meeting (Hitler/

  Franco) 329–30, 525; territorial demands 327, 328, 348

  François-Poncet, André 29, 119–20, 122

  Frank, Hans 25, 204, 239, 245, 250, 316, 319, 322, 351, 352, 375–6, 462, 480, 482, 491–2, 520, 589, 725, 726, 837

  Frank, Karl Hermann 108–9, 599

  Frankfurt am Main 485, 788

  Frankfurt an der Oder 759, 793

  Frankfurter, David 136

  Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 36, 277, 283, 454, 501, 505, 554, 611, 696, 742, 745, 776, 783, 789, 791, 811

  Frederick I, Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 335

  ‘Free French’ 331, 722

  Freemasonry 24, 130, 250, 594, 595

  Freies Deutschlan
d (‘Free Germany’) 616

  Freikorps 250, 258

  Freikorps Adolf Hitler 790

  Freinberg, Linz 198

  Freisler, Roland 508, 552, 688, 689, 692

  French army 277, 284, 295, 297

  French Equatorial Africa 331, 434

  French Indo-China 326

  French Morocco 327

  French navy 298; destruction of French ships at Mers-el-Kébir 301

  French Resistance 660, 722

  Freyend, Major Ernst John von 672, 673

  Freytag-Loringhoven, Major Bernd von 811

  Frick, Interior Minister Wilhelm 76, 78–91, 172, 219, 245, 312, 571, 574, 599, 837

  Friedeburg, Admiral Hans-Georg von 835, 836

  Friener, General Johannes 650

  Fritsch, Colonel-General Werner Freiherr von 10, 49, 50, 51, 52, 101–2, 147, 209, 237; the scandal 54–6, 64, 69, 83, 86, 89, 94, 101, 147, 167, 224, 262, 358, 668

  Fröhlich family 145

  Fromm, Colonel-General Friedrich 450, 644, 651, 659, 669, 670, 675, 676, 678, 681–3, 689, 690

  Führer Bunker, Berlin 788, 791, 824, 827, 830; communications 811–12, 818; described 775–6; Greim arrives 812; H and Eva Braun commit suicide 828; H’s fifty-sixth birthday 797–8; Speer unable to break free from H 806; Weidling made responsible for Berlin’s defence 808

  Führer Chancellery (Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP) 257–8, 259, 260

  Führer cult 94, 183, 184, 185, 188, 198, 227, 229, 556, 614, 774

  ‘Führer Headquarters’: the first (Pomerania, then Upper Silesia) 235–6; Wolf’s Lair, near Rastenburg see Wolf’s Lair

  ‘Führer Machine’ 524, 710

  Führer-Informationen 710

  Führerbegleitkommando 830

  Funk, Walther 58, 143, 219, 312, 434, 569, 571, 573, 678, 823, 837

  Fürth 582

  Furtwängler, Wilhelm 13, 513

  Fuschl, near Salzburg 203, 595

  Gabcik, Josef 518–19

  Galen, Clemens August Graf von 427–30

  Galicia 493, 629

  Galland, Adolf 732

  Gargzdai, Lithuania 463–4

  Garmisch-Partenkirchen: Winter Olympics (February 1936) 5

  Gatow aerodrome 801, 806, 809

  Gau Unterfranken (Lower Franconia) 37

  Gaukönigshofen 142

  Gaulle, General Charles de 329, 331, 722

  Gaullist movement 328

  Gay, Peter 145

  Gedye, G.E.R. 84–5

  Gehlen, General Reinhard 756, 757

  Gelsenkirchen 514, 761

  General Army Office 659

  General Plan for the East (Generalplan-Ost) 462, 476

  General War Office (Allgemeines Heeresamt) 668

  Geneva conventions 394–5

  Genghis Khan xvii, 756, 772

  Genoa 595

  genocide xl, 493; all-out genocidal programme 461, 462; attempts to conceal the evidence 766–7; genocidal link between war and the killing of Jews 151; H’s responsibility 487; Jews dehumanized 142; Jews excluded from German society 142; in the Russian campaign (1941) 248, 249; separate strands pulled together 492; the Wannsee Conference and 493

  George, Stefan 667

  Gercke, Lieutenant-General Rudolf 450

  German army: anti-Polish feeling 235, 237; anti-tank gun devloped 448; and armaments factory workers 300; assassination conspiracy (1944) 86, 224, 358, 359, 651–84; Brauchitsch controls 94; Brauchitsch resigns 451–2, 453; conscription reintroduced (1935) 10; crisis of confidence 103, 450; desertions 763; display of prototype tanks 632; driven out of Libya 546; eastern front stabilized 455–6; enters Czechoslovakia (1939) 171; expansion 10; forces against Timoshenko 433; fuel shortage 530, 635, 696; General Staff 98, 102, 393, 408, 418, 438, 528, 533, 534, 544, 578, 650, 687, 688, 696, 757–8, 769, 782, 787, 826; and German dominance xliv; H takes on the supreme command 452–3; the Halt Order (August 1941) 451–5, 462, 507; High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres; OKH) 287, 357, 361, 381, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 417, 418, 434, 435, 439, 452, 505, 514, 528, 655, 661, 662, 671, 675, 811; H’s aim 20; legacy of the Blomberg-Fritsch affair 94; losses of weapons and vehicles 515; major changes in leadership 188; moral codex of the officer corps 59; a new panzer army 448; officer corps 86; Operations Department 396; prepares for a spring offensive in Russia (1942) 447, 448, 456, 509; relations with the SS 247, 248; retreating troops (1945) 760; robbery and plundering by (1945) 763; size of xxxvi–xxxviii, 284, 515; support of H’s regime xv; told to hold position in Russia 453–4; the toll of ‘Barbarossa’ 409; transfer of divisions to the east 305–6; view of military action against Poland 159; weak leadership 225; winter crisis in Russia 439–42, 447, 450–56, 490, 499, 516

  German Communist Party see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD)

  German embassy, Stockholm 287

  German Labour Front see Deutsche Arbeitsfront

  German navy 58, 59, 277, 278, 289, 302; H on 509, 825; High Command 367; and iron-ore imports 286; and the naval pact with Britain 190; prepares for war with Britain 94, 100; rebuilding of 38, 47, 50; in Scandinavia 287, 289; Z-Plan 159, 191, 284

  German Order of the Eagle 449, 525

  German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (23 September 1939) 238

  ‘Germania’, intended new Nazi capital 183

  Germanization 235, 244, 250–1, 318, 476

  Germany: Abteilung Landesverteidigung (National Defence Department) 307; agreement with Austria (1936) 4, 24, 25, 45, 66, 67; Air Ministry 144; alliance with Italy 24–6, 68; American air-raids on fuel plants 635; anti-aircraft weapon development 449; armaments industry 300, 563, 567, 707, 711, 712; ascendancy destabilizes the international order 4; austerity drive (1944) 712; becomes a major power again 28–9; black-marketeering 506, 508; bureaucracy 566–7; capitulation signed 6 May 1945 835; civil service xv, 575; colonies 67, 100, 176, 203, 216, 264, 293, 328; complicity over deportation of Jews 495; cultural despair xlii; declares war on the United States (11 December 1941) 444–6, 486–7, 490; delay in attacking Russia 368; dialects 434; ‘East Wall’ 159–60; economic agreement with Russia (January 1941) 343; elections (1938) 82–3; expansionism xliv–xlv, 24, 49; fatalities 236; flak installations issue 524, 543, 554; Foreign Ministry xliv, 15, 100, 188, 189, 190, 237, 262, 268, 271, 284, 321, 350, 770; Foreign Office 13, 14, 15, 26, 44, 58, 60, 63–4, 67, 87, 89, 90, 95, 121, 262, 478, 492, 539; Four-Year Plan 12, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 57, 63, 66, 67, 68, 89, 143–4, 161, 226, 313, 354, 406; fuel shortage 11, 18, 345; the German greeting 703; growing domestic consumption 9; H becomes the law 511; H blocks proposals to cut down on bureaucracy 574; housing 449; H’s approval of a German-Japanese alliance 448; intelligence 626, 734, 735, 756; judicial system capitulates to the police state 507; judicial system scapegoated 508, 510–11, 522; loses the initiative in the war (1941) 457; Ministerial Bureau 262, 269; Ministry of Armaments 10; Ministry of the Eastern Territories 492; Ministry of Economics 20, 22, 58, 162; Ministry of Finance 574; Ministry of Food 10; Ministry of the Interior 76, 80, 257–60, 312, 492; Ministry of Justice 426, 492, 506, 508–9; Ministry of War 43, 57, 58; Mitteldeutschland xviii; mobilization 169; and the Munich Agreement 122; Mussolini’s state visit (1937) 38, 44–5, 98; national anthem 6, 561; ‘National Day of Celebration of the German People’ (1 May) 37; national debt 161; national pride xv, xvi, xxxix; Naval Pact with Britain (1935) xxxviii, 23; nemesis xvii; new importance in international affairs xxxvi; non-aggression pact with Russia (1939) 205, 206, 210–11, 212, 228, 236, 238, 285, 292, 326, 385; ‘Pact of Steel’ with Italy 193; position against Poland strengthened 165; Post Office 171; Propaganda Ministry 82, 313, 352, 365, 386, 473, 566, 567, 680, 689, 710, 765; reaction to the fate of the 6th Army 551–2; rearmament xxxviii, xliv, xlv, 1, 9–10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22, 25–6, 43, 160, 161, 163, 237; reassertiveness xxxvi; seeks a national hero xlii–xliii; steel industry 603; supports Italy in the Abyssinian conflict 4; Transport Ministry 507; Tripartite Pact (1940) 326, 332; unstable alliance with Hungary 734; war debts 449; Westwall
97–8, 103, 106, 202, 502, 737, 742

 

‹ Prev