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George Washington

Page 56

by Stephen Brumwell

Donop, Colonel Carl von 274, 275, 312, 319

  Dorchester Heights 223–24

  Dorchester Neck 197

  Dover Light Infantry Company 290

  Doyle, John 144

  duelling 333, 335–36, 345

  Dumas, Jean-Daniel 78

  Dumas, Comte Mathieu 406

  Dunbar, Colonel Thomas 75, 80

  Dunks’s Ferry 278

  Duquesne, Ange de Menneville, Marquis de 36, 64

  dysentery 117, 119–20, 153, 202, 328

  HMS Eagle 233, 253, 354

  East India Company 181

  East River 92, 228, 240, 246, 255

  Easton, Treaty of 135, 148, 152, 171

  Edwards, Ignatious 111

  Edwards’s Fort 96

  Eight Mile Run stream 288

  English Civil War 13, 14

  Erie, Lake 36

  Esopus 313

  espontoons 398–99

  Estaing, Vice Admiral Charles-Hector, Comte d’ 345–47, 349, 355–56, 426

  Etchoe 167

  Eutaw Springs, Battle of 399

  Evans, Revd 403

  Ewald, Captain Johann 265, 275, 283, 289, 295, 312, 319, 335, 344, 351–52, 367, 376, 387, 389, 409–10

  Ewing, Brigadier General James 277, 278, 282

  Fabius Cunctator 5, 299

  Fairfax, Anne see Washington, Anne

  Fairfax, Bryan 163, 181

  Fairfax, Deborah (née Clarke) 32

  Fairfax, George William 29, 31, 119, 137, 142, 156, 181, 185, 188

  Fairfax, Captain Robert 28

  Fairfax, Sally (née Cary) 31, 68, 74, 83, 95, 119, 120, 137, 156, 185, 336, 429

  Fairfax, Sir Thomas 14

  Fairfax, Lord Thomas 28, 29, 31, 382

  Fairfax, Colonel William 28, 29, 32, 83, 98, 109, 119, 185

  Fairfax, Ensign William Henry 109, 163, 164

  Fairfax County 173, 179, 188

  Fairfax family 83, 159, 185, 377, 430

  Fairfield 350

  Fallen Timbers, Battle of 424

  Falmouth 215

  Fatland 307

  Fauquier, Francis, lieutenant governor of Virginia 143, 152, 176

  Ferguson, Major Patrick 1–2, 4, 361

  Ferry Farm 21, 26–27, 28, 30, 67

  First Continental Congress 186–87

  see also Congress

  Fitzhugh, William 66

  Flahaven, John 279

  Flatbush 239

  flax 160

  Fletcher, George 183

  Fletcher, Lieutenant Colonel Henry 169

  floggings 143, 202, 212, 252, 358, 418

  Florida 18, 170, 177, 339

  Fontenoy, Battle of 79

  Forbes, Brigadier General John 159, 160, 162, 166, 171, 179, 195, 220, 222, 235, 331, 424

  Ohio expedition 123, 124, 125, 130, 131–32, 133, 134–35, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149–51

  Forks of the Ohio 36, 38, 45, 49, 64, 77, 83, 130, 161

  Forrest, Captain Thomas 281, 287, 288

  Fort Beauséjour 66, 102

  Fort Clinton 313

  Fort Constitution 313

  Fort Cumberland 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 83, 85, 86, 88–89, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 113, 115, 127, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 140, 425

  Fort Dinwiddie 86, 90

  Fort Duquesne 58, 64, 66, 67, 75, 77, 78, 80, 91, 106, 108, 109, 113, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130, 137, 138–40, 145–46, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155, 158, 167, 220, 239, 399,

  see also Fort Pitt

  Fort Frontenac 148

  Fort Griswold 395

  Fort Independence 300

  Fort Le Boeuf 36, 42, 43–44, 51, 102, 161

  Fort Lee 258, 259–60, 263, 266

  Fort Ligonier 146, 165

  Fort Loudoun (Virginia) 104, 111, 113, 122, 127, 166

  Fort Loudoun (Tennessee) 166–67

  Fort Mercer 213

  Fort Mifflin 213

  Fort Montgomery 213

  Fort Necessity 57–58, 59–60, 63–64, 81, 88, 96, 103, 108, 112, 259, 177, 204, 236

  Fort Niagara 65, 161, 171

  Fort Ninety Six 168

  Fort Pitt 152, 153, 161, 171, 172, 183

  Fort Presque Isle 43, 161

  Fort Royal (Martinique) 183

  Fort Stanwix, Treaty of 175

  Fort Washington 245, 258, 259–62, 265, 273, 283, 295–96, 359, 408

  Fort William Henry 112

  Fortescue, Sir John 296, 430–31

  Fox, Henry 57

  France

  on brink of conflict with US 426

  Caribbean possessions 164, 168, 169, 183, 213, 339, 349, 381, 382, 389

  close-order formation used by 409

  Congress cancels alliance with 426

  Continental Army rivals best troops of 252

  declares war on Britain (1778) 316, 339

  fleet in Revolutionary War 346–47, 355–56, 359, 375–76, 381, 389–90, 391–92

  French Revolution 425–26

  interests in Ohio Valley 35, 36–37, 39, 40–41, 49, 64, 65

  loss of Indian support 148–49, 151

  Napoleonic Wars 426

  nature of British victory over (1763) 169–70

  North American territories 18, 35

  outbreak of war with Britain (1793) 424

  preys on American shipping 426

  and proposed Franco-American invasion of Canada 348–49

  Revolutionary regime 246, 425–26

  seeks revenge for humiliation of 1763 170, 212

  support for American revolutionaries 213, 315–16, 338–39, 356–57, 359–60, 362–63, 371, 374–77, 381, 386–96, 401–7, 410, 425–26

  see also French and Indian War; New France

  Franklin, Benjamin 20, 34, 71–72, 234, 245, 337, 338, 398

  Fraser, John 38–39, 46

  Fraunces Tavern (New York) 419

  Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 165, 319, 337

  Frederick/Frederick County 49, 69

  Frederick (cont'd)

  Washington tops poll in Assembly elections 131

  Fredericksburg 21, 38, 175, 183

  Freeman, Douglas Southall 156, 157

  Freeman’s Farm 308, 313

  Freemasons 183

  French, Captain 136

  French, Captain/Major Christopher, 168, 208

  French Creek 36, 43, 44–45

  French and Indian War 3, 4, 9, 49–82, 83–117, 122–53, 155, 157, 161, 183, 191, 216, 235

  French Revolution 425–26

  Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures 135

  friendly fire 147–48, 165, 306, 307

  frostbite 323

  Fry, Colonel Joshua 49–50, 53, 57

  Frye, Joseph 201

  Gage, Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel/Major General/Lieutenant General Thomas 77, 78, 80, 124, 172, 187, 191, 197, 207–8, 212, 214, 408

  Gates, Brigadier/Major General Horatio 77, 183–86, 199, 208, 216, 268, 273, 308, 378

  as possible replacement for Washington as commander in chief 317–18, 329–32, 333, 334

  role in army agitation against Congress 413–14

  sent to southern sector 360

  victory over Burgoyne at Saratoga 313, 328, 343

  Genesee Country 354

  George II, King 22, 56, 57, 88, 125, 128, 152, 164

  George III, King 1, 7, 164, 192, 232, 233, 235, 255, 265, 271, 286, 329, 333, 425

  George, Lake 102, 112, 134, 148, 221, 254

  Georgia 18, 186, 348–49, 390

  troops from 249

  Germain, Lord George 213, 231, 240, 257, 266, 272, 314, 315, 339, 348, 351, 356, 363, 410

  German settlers 31

  German troops 123, 229, 267, 340, 346, 407

  see also Hessian troops

  Germantown 302

  Battle of 309–10, 311–12, 314, 316

  Gibbs, Major Caleb 367

  Gimat, Chevalier de 403–4

  Gist, Captain Chri
stopher 38, 45, 46, 53, 55, 58, 59, 69, 87, 116, 140, 176

  Gist, Nathaniel 69–70, 359

  Gist, Ensign Thomas 140, 141, 148, 176

  Glen, James 130

  Glorious Revolution 19

  Gloucester 316, 389, 405

  Glover, Colonel John 241, 256, 276, 285

  Gnadenhütten 412

  Gordon, Captain Harry 172

  Gordon, Thomas 182

  Gordon’s Ford 307

  governors, colonial 19

  Gowanus Creek 240

  Grant, Major/Major General James 140–42, 143, 145, 152, 167–68, 172, 176, 208, 239, 240, 261, 266, 272, 274, 277, 280, 310, 349, 354

  Grant, Sergeant William 149

  Graves, Admiral 388, 390, 392, 395, 400, 405

  Great Kanawha River 176

  Great Lakes 46, 58, 148

  Great Meadows 53, 56, 59, 60, 75, 81, 176

  Great Valley Road 305

  Green, Revd Charles 119

  Green Spring, Battle of 388

  Greene, Catherine 281, 325

  Greene, Christopher 296

  Greene, Brigadier General/Major General Nathanael 199, 204, 224, 238, 242–43, 244, 247, 249, 250, 258–59, 260, 269, 270, 276, 280, 281, 286, 288, 293, 296, 299, 305, 309, 310, 311, 325, 328, 332, 341, 343, 347, 366, 379, 380, 386, 392, 399, 408

  Greenwood, John 7, 8, 273, 285

  grenadier companies 169, 264

  Grenville, George 179

  Grey, Major General Charles 307, 309, 320, 347, 350

  Griffin, Colonel Samuel 274, 275

  Griffiths, Barnard E. 405

  Groton 395

  Gruber, Ira D. 296

  Guilford Court House, Battle of 379, 380, 399, 407, 408

  Guyasuta (Kiashuta), Chief 41, 176–77

  Hackensack 260, 269

  Hackensack River 263

  Haiti (Saint Domingue) 389

  Halifax 112, 225, 227, 230

  Halkett, Major Francis 132

  Hamilton, Captain/Lieutenant Colonel Alexander 233, 281, 318, 332, 341–42, 343, 361, 366, 404, 413, 422, 427, 428

  Hamilton, Elizabeth 404

  Hampton Roads 67, 71, 388

  Hanau 229

  Hancock, John 200, 209, 210, 217, 222, 224, 233, 234, 241–42, 250, 251, 259, 262, 264, 266, 268, 279, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 289, 294, 300, 304, 306, 311, 315, 323

  Hand, Colonel Edward 287, 288

  Hanna, John 143

  Hannibal 299

  Hanover 113

  Harcourt, Lieutenant Colonel William 268

  Harlem Heights 245, 247–49, 250, 255

  Harlem River 260

  Harmar, Brigadier General Josiah 422

  Harrison, Benjamin 315

  Hartford 208, 362, 364, 393

  Harvard College 225

  Haslet, Colonel John 294

  Havana 164, 169, 170, 187

  Haymer, Corporal Matthew 327

  Head of Elk 302–3, 389, 394

  Heath, Major General William 259, 264, 300

  Heights of Guana 237, 238

  Heister, Lieutenant General Philip von 239

  hemp 160

  Henry, Patrick 186, 194, 332

  Hesse-Cassel 229

  Hessian troops 229, 230, 239, 242, 246, 257, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 270, 271–72, 277, 280–83, 286, 288, 290, 295, 297, 301, 309, 312, 319, 328, 379, 387, 407

  Hillsborough 272, 379

  Hobkirk’s Hill, Battle of 380

  Hog, Captain Peter 86, 90

  Hood, Vice Admiral Sir Samuel 390, 392, 395

  Hopewell Township 341

  Houdon, Jean-Antoine 8

  House of Burgesses 19, 32, 49–50, 68, 89, 95, 133, 155, 165, 170, 179, 181, 210

  Howe, Brigadier General George Augustus 134, 157, 164, 230, 232–33, 246, 276

  Howe, Vice Admiral Richard, 4th Viscount 230, 233, 234, 241, 255

  Howe, Major General Robert 374

  Howe, General William 197, 212, 213, 222, 298, 299, 346

  blamed for Burgoyne’s surrender in north 314, 316

  Brandywine 304, 305–6

  Breed’s Hill 197

  as Colonel at Quebec 164

  evacuates Boston 224

  Fort Washington 259

  Germantown 398, 309, 311, 312

  New York and New Jersey 225, 228, 230, 232–34, 235, 237, 238, 239–43, 245, 246, 247–49, 254, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 263, 265, 269, 287

  peace initiatives 233–35, 254, 265

  Pennsylvania campaign 271–72, 273, 300–301, 302–3

  in Philadelphia 318, 319, 320–21, 337

  replaced as commander in chief by Clinton 336, 340

  takes Philadelphia 307

  Trenton-Princeton campaign 286, 295, 296–97

  howitzers 70

  Hudson Highlands 259, 263, 302, 313, 348, 350, 351, 356, 363, 411

  Hudson River/Valley 92, 134, 227, 232, 244, 247, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 263, 265, 271, 272, 298, 302, 308, 313, 344, 350, 351, 363, 382, 383

  Humphreys, Lieutenant Colonel David 9

  Hunter, John 71

  hunting 173, 293, 382

  Huntington, Samuel 361

  Hurons 176

  independent companies 57, 60, 69, 166, 188

  Indian traders 135

  Indians

  attacks by 45–46, 54, 83–84, 86, 87, 95–97, 141, 162, 171, 351–53, 355–56, 412, 422

  backcountry hatred of 97

  as British allies 125–26, 130, 134–35, 141, 148, 151, 161–62, 169, 171, 351, 355

  British incite against US 424

  British postwar treatment of 171

  defense of western frontier 175–76

  desert Fort Duquesne 148

  devastation of crops 425

  impact of disease and warfare on 18

  need to treat with respect 162

  Ohio Valley 35–36, 39–47, 73

  pan-Indian confederacy 422, 425

  Pontiac’s War 171–73

  and Revolutionary War 220–21, 351–56, 412

  support for French dwindles 161

  techniques adopted by British troops 169

  techniques adopted by Virginia Regiments 128–29

  territory west of Appalachians reserved for 173, 174

  war with Cherokees (1760-1) 166–68, 171

  war a way of life for 59

  war on western frontier (1790-4) 422–25

  Washington’s first encounters with 30

  white captives 97, 147, 148, 165, 176

  see also French and Indian War

  Ingram, Corporal John 327

  Inman, Ensign George 292, 306

  Innes, Colonel/Lieutenant Colonel John 64

  Ireland

  armed forces in 228–29

  rebellion in (1798) 208

  troops from 230, 262

  Iroquois 36, 40, 58, 161, 168, 175, 303, 351, 353, 354–55

  Iroquois Confederacy 36, 39, 58

  Jackson’s River 86

  Jacobins 426

  Jacobites 152, 183, 208

  jägers see riflemen

  Jamaica 23

  Jamaica Pass 237, 238, 239

  James II, King 19

  James River 374, 387, 388, 396

  Jamestown 14, 396

  Jamestown Point, Battle of 408

  Jay, John 186, 411

  Jay Treaty 426

  Jefferson, Thomas 184, 232, 251, 397, 428, 430

  Jeffries Ford 305

  Jeney, Captain Louis Michel de 220

  Jockey Hollow 356

  Johnson (Indian captive) 147, 148

  Johnson, Mary 17–18

  Johnson, Sir William 102, 125, 162

  Joncaire, Captain Philippe Thomas de 41–42, 45

  Jones, Joseph 415–16

  Jumonville, Joseph Coulon, sieur de 54–57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 80, 108, 168

  Kalb, Major General Johann de 318, 328, 360

  Kearns, Lieutenant Jacob 150

  Kelly, David 96, 97

  Kennebec
River 212

  Kennedy, Captain Quintin 167–68

  Kentucky 175

  militia 422

  riflemen 424

  King’s Bridge 242, 243, 255, 256, 300, 362, 385

  King’s Mountain, Battle of 361, 424

  Kipling, Rudyard 4

  Kip’s Bay 246, 247, 283, 423

  Kirkpatrick, John 101, 133

  Kirkwood, Private Robert 141, 172

  Kittanning 149, 153, 202

  Knowles, Captain Charles 25

  Knox, Colonel/Brigadier General Henry 5, 215, 222, 223, 268, 269, 277, 279, 281, 282, 310, 318, 325, 385, 419, 421, 424, 427

  Knyphausen, Lieutenant General Wilhelm 304, 306, 342

  La Belle Famille 161

  La Force, Monsieur 43

  La Péronie, Ensign William 63, 79

  Lafayette, Marie Joseph, Marquis de 5, 315–16, 332, 333, 337, 341, 342, 360, 375, 377, 386–87, 388, 389, 391–92, 399, 403, 426

  Laurel Hill 139, 145

  Laurens, Henry 323, 332, 338, 344, 348

  Laurens, Lieutenant Colonel John 345, 368

  Lear, Tobias 430

  Lee, Arthur 337

  Lee, Billy 206

  Lee, Major General Charles 77, 184–85, 198, 273, 274, 327, 332

  advocates citizen militia 221

  as candidate for command of Continental Army 191, 267

  captivity of 267–69, 270

  character and attributes 264

  court-martial and suspension 345

  defense of New York 227–28, 231, 238

  Monmouth Court House 343–45

  pursuit of Clinton’s army 342–43

  rejoins army after prisoner exchange 340–41

  relationship with Washington 77, 259, 264–65, 255, 267–68, 340–41, 342–43

  southern campaign 238, 255–56

  Lee, Francis Lightfoot 166

  Lee, Major/Colonel Henry (Light Horse Harry) 351, 416, 417, 423

  Lee, General Robert E. 351

  Lee, Sergeant William 201

  Leeward Islands 121

  Legion of the United States 424

  Leib Regiment 335

  “Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer” (Dickinson) 186

  Lewis, Major Andrew 85, 110, 129, 136, 140

  Lewis, Captain Joshua 86

  Lexington 188, 191, 196, 198, 217

  liberty, concept of 216

  Life Guard 367

  light infantry companies 169

  Lignery, Captain François-Marie Le Marchand de 145, 148, 161

  Ligonier, Sir John 146

  Lincoln, Major General Benjamin 349, 355, 359, 394, 406–7

  Little Hunting Creek 17, 21, 26

  Little Meadows 73–74

  Little Tennessee River 166

  Little Turtle 422

  Loftus, Private Thomas 198

  Logstown 39, 40, 41, 73

  London Chronicle 3

  London Magazine 56, 354

  Long Island 228, 237, 238, 240, 244, 249, 256, 262, 271, 272, 283, 289, 295, 304, 306, 320, 327, 330, 305–6, 408, 413

  Battle of 238–40

  Loudoun, John Campbell, Earl of 102, 103–5, 106–7, 108–9, 111, 112, 122, 125, 127

 

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