A Thousand Days

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by Arthur M. Schlesinger

Hound Dog (missile), [>]

  Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, [>]; and U.S. condemnation of apartheid, [>]

  House of Representatives, U.S.: JFK in (1961), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also Congress, U.S.

  Housing, [>], [>], [>], [>]; Act of 1946, [>], [>], [>] fn., [>]–[>]; and Wofford, [>]–[>]; and Civil Rights Commission, [>]

  Houston, Texas, [>]

  Howard, Lisa, [>]

  Howard, Roy, [>]

  Huberman, Leo, [>]

  Hughes, H. Stuart, [>]–[>], [>]; An Approach to Peace, [>]; third party of, [>], [>]; denounces quarantine in missile crisis, [>]; in elections of 1962, [>]

  Hughes, Sarah T., [>] fn.

  Hull, Cordell, [>]; and State Department, [>], [>]

  Humphrey, George, [>], [>], [>]; as Eisenhower’s Secretary of Treasury, [>], [>], [>] fn.; and Treasury Department economists, [>]

  Humphrey, Hubert, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; in primaries (1960), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; at Los Angeles, [>], [>], [>]; as vice-presidential candidate, [>]; and PL [>], [>]; criticizes Acheson’s Berlin policy, [>]; on informal test ban, [>]; on Food for Peace program, [>]; and Peace Corps, [>]; introduces Heller to JFK, [>]; and the arts, [>]; as liberal in Congress, [>]; and Dodd test ban resolution, [>]; and civil rights, [>]

  Humphrey, Muriel, [>]

  Hungary, [>], [>], [>]; anti-Communist uprisings in, [>]

  Hungry i, [>]

  Huntington, Samuel P., [>]

  Huntley, Chet, [>]

  Hydrogen bomb, [>], [>]

  Hyman, Sidney, [>]

  Ibe, Samuel, [>]

  ICA. See International Control Administration

  Ickes, Harold, [>]

  “I Have a Rendezvous with Death” (Seeger), [>]

  IL-28 bombers (Ilyushin-28), [>], [>], [>], [>]; Castro’s determination to retain, [>]

  Income tax, [>]. See also Tax reform and reduction

  India, [>], [>], [>], [>]; Galbraith ambassador to, [>]; neutrality of, [>]; as key area of Asia, [>]–[>], [>]; and Goa, [>]–[>]; Jacqueline Kennedy visits, [>]; respect for JFK in, [>]; and Chinese, [>]; Bokaro project, [>], [>]; LBJ visits, [>]; and China, [>]

  Indochina, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; JFK view of, [>], [>]; JFK’s 1951 visit to, [>]

  Indonesia, [>]; nationalism in, [>]; and West New Guinea, [>]; Communist Party of, [>]. See also Sukarno, Achmed

  Inflation, [>]; and Eisenhower, [>], [>]; and JFK, [>]; and stock market, [>]

  Informer, The (film), [>]

  Inland Steel Company, [>]

  Inside Africa (Gunther), [>]

  Inside Europe (Gunther), [>]

  Inter-American Association for Democracy and Freedom, [>]

  Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for Progress (CIAP). See under Alliance for Progress

  Inter-American Committee for the Arts, [>]

  Inter-American Defense Board, [>]

  Inter-American Development Bank, [>], [>], [>]; JFK endorses, [>]; Berle on, [>]. See also Social Progress Trust Fund

  Inter-American Economic and Social Council, [>], [>]; and review of Alliance for Progress, [>], [>]

  Intercontinental ballistic missiles, [>], [>]; and disarmament, [>]; and strategic analysis, [>]

  Interior, U.S. Department of, [>], [>], [>]; JFK’s support to programs of, [>]

  International affairs, [>]; Paris meeting with de Gaulle, [>]–[>]; Vienna summit with Khrushchev, [>]–[>]; JFK view of balance of power, [>]; meetings with Macmillan, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  International Control Commission for Laos, [>], [>], [>], [>]; reports cease-fire, [>]; failures of, [>]

  International Cooperation Administration, [>]; and technical assistance, [>], [>]; and Labouisse, [>]; and birth control, [>]

  International Monetary Fund: and economic orthodoxy in Latin America, [>]–[>], [>]; and Brazil, [>]

  International monetary system, [>]; and Macmillan, [>], [>]; and Joseph P. Kennedy, [>]; need for reform, [>]–[>]; and Dillon, [>]

  Interstate Commerce Commission, [>]–[>], [>]

  Iran, [>]; task force on, [>]

  IRBM (intermediate-range ballistic missiles), Soviet, in Cuba, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Ireland, [>]; Parliament of, [>]; reaction in, to assassination, [>]

  ‘Irish Mafia,’ [>], [>]–[>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]–[>]

  Isolationism, [>]–[>]

  Israel, JFK belief in U.S. moral commitment to, [>]–[>]

  Italy, [>]–[>], [>]; post-Second World War status, [>]; and Coal and Steel Community, [>]; and Jupiter missiles, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; political composition of, [>]–[>], [>]; Eisenhower policy for, [>]; and NATO, [>]; and U.S. State Department policy, [>]–[>]; JFK visits, [>]–[>]; removal of Jupiter missiles from, [>]

  Ivanov, Captain, of London Soviet Embassy, [>]

  Jackson, C. D., [>], [>]

  Jackson, Henry M., [>], [>]–[>]; as possible vice-presidential candidate, [>], [>]; as Chairman of Democratic National Committee, and Neustadt, [>]

  Jackson, Sir Robert, [>], [>]

  Jackson, Lady. See Ward, Barbara

  Jackson Subcommittee. See National Security Council

  Jagan, Dr. Cheddi, [>]–[>]; and Thomas Dodd, [>]; and British, [>]; and U.S. aid, [>], [>]–[>]; and JFK meeting, [>]–[>]

  James, Marquis (The Raven), [>]

  James, William, [>]–[>]

  Javits, Jacob, [>], [>]; and the arts, [>]

  Jefferson, Thomas, [>], [>], [>]; First Inaugural Address, [>]

  Jenkins, Roy, [>]

  Jiménez, Pérez, [>], [>]

  John Birch Society, [>], [>], [>]. See also Extremism

  John F. Kennedy Institute of Politics, [>] fn.

  John Quincy Adams (Bemis), [>]

  Johnson, Andrew, [>]

  Johnson, Haynes, [>]; The Bay of Pigs, [>] fn., [>] fn., [>] fn., [>] fn., [>] fn.; interviews Bay of Pigs survivors, [>], [>]

  Johnson, Hugh, [>]

  Johnson, Lady Bird, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Johnson, Lynda Bird, [>]

  Johnson, Lyndon Baines, [>], [>], [>], [>]; at inauguration, [>]; in election of 1956, [>], [>]; as Senate majority leader, [>], [>], [>]; and New York liberals, [>]; in election of 1960, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; and Stevenson, [>], [>], [>]; and Humphrey, [>]; at Los Angeles, [>]–[>], [>]; JFK chooses as running mate, [>], [>]–[>]; as national figure, [>], [>]; opposition to, [>]–[>]; nomination of, [>]–[>], [>]; and Robert Kennedy, [>]–[>], [>]; ADA reaction to nomination of, [>]; during interregnum, [>], [>]; and FDR, [>]; and Bay of Pigs, [>]–[>]; suggests JCS clarify view on Laos, [>]; supports Acheson’s Berlin policy, [>]; JFK sends to Berlin, [>]–[>]; concern of, about nuclear testing, [>]–[>]; on JFK’s UN strategy, [>]; visits Southeast Asia, [>]–[>]; and Operation Tycoon, [>]; as Vice-President, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; trips abroad, [>]; and Congress, [>]–[>]; and sale of surplus wheat to Soviets, [>]; and Equal Employment Opportunities Committee, [>]–[>]; and civil rights, [>], [>], [>]; at high-level meeting on Vietnam, [>]; in campaign organization for 1964, [>]; disagreements with administration tactics, [>]–[>]; and Texas politics, [>], 1032–[>]; harassment of, in Dallas (1960), [>]; presidential oath administered to, [>] fn.

  Johnson, U. Alexis, [>]; and Rusk, [>]–[>]; JFK’s view of, [>]; and Belgrade meeting of neutrals, [>]–[>]; and ExCom in Cuban missile crisis, [>]; and Viet Cong, [>]; on strategic hamlet program in Vietnam, [>]

  Johnston, Olin D., [>]

  John XXIII, Pope, [>], [>]; death of, [>]; Pacem in Terris, [>]

  Joint Chiefs of Staff, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; involvement of, in Cuban planning, [>]; evaluate CIA’s Trinidad Plan, [>]–[>]; send inspection team to Guatemala training base, [>]; and Bay of Pigs plan, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; JFK’s disappointment with, [>]; and Laos, [>], [>]; reaction of, to Cuban fiasco, [>]; relation of, to Roosevelt administration, [>]; and resumption of nuclear testing, [>], [>]–[>]; and disarmament policy, [>]–[>]. [>]; declare Azores base essential for national security,
[>]; and foreign economic policy, [>]; and MLF, [>]; opposition of, to test ban, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Jones, Lem, [>]; issues final bulletin in name of CRC, [>]–[>]

  Jones, Roger, [>]

  Jordan, Thomas, [>] fn.

  Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (U.S. destroyer), [>]

  Josephs, Geri, [>]

  Joyce, James, [>]

  Judd, Walter, [>], [>]

  Juliao, Francisco, [>]

  Julien, Claude, [>]

  Jupiter missile: program, [>]; bases and Cuba, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and NATO allies, [>]; removal of, from foreign bases, [>]

  Justice, U.S. Department of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and steel price rise, [>]; and Robert Kennedy’s staff, [>]; and civil rights, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; anti-crime effort, [>]–[>]; and FBI, [>]; Office of Criminal Justice, [>]; and release of imprisoned freedom fighters in Cuba, [>]; and Civil Rights Commission, [>]–[>], [>]; and Meredith case, [>]–[>]; and federal hearings in Mississippi, [>]–[>]; and relationship of national and local law, [>]–[>]

  Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime, [>] fn.; President’s Committee on, [>], [>], [>]; and Department of Justice, [>]

  Kaiser, Edgar, [>], [>]; JFK’s regard for, [>]; JFK to, on steel price increase, [>]

  Kaiser, Philip, [>], [>]; Ould Daddah tells reaction to JFK Algerian speech, [>]; ambassador to Senegal and Mauritania, [>]

  Kaiser Industries, [>]

  Kampelman, Max, [>]

  Kasavubu, Joseph, [>]

  Katanga, [>]–[>], [>]. See also Congo

  Katzenbach, Nicholas de B., [>], [>]; and Justice Department, [>], [>]; at Oxford, Mississippi, [>]

  Kaufmann, W. W., [>]

  Kaysen, Carl, [>], [>], [>]; and defense policy, [>]; and National Security Council, [>]; and Berlin policy debate, [>]; criticizes Acheson paper on Berlin, [>]–[>]; and Bundy, [>]; and disarmament policy, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and defense budget, [>]; and Congo, [>]; and foreign and economic policy, [>], [>]; and U.S. international payments, [>], [>]; and fallout shelters, [>]; and Skybolt, [>]; and JFK’s test ban speech, [>]; and test ban treaty negotiations, [>]–[>], [>]; and nonaggression pact, [>]

  Kazin, Alfred, [>]–[>]

  Keating, Kenneth, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Keeler, Christine, [>], [>]

  Keeney, Spurgeon, [>]

  Kefauver, Estes, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Keita, Modibo, [>]; to JFK on military weakness of neutrals, [>]; reaction of, to assassination, [>]

  Kekkonen, Urho, [>]; JFK to, on reunification of Germany, [>]–[>]

  Kellogg Pact, [>]

  Kempton, Murray, [>], [>], [>]; ‘‘L’Envoi,” New York Post, [>]

  Kennan, George, [>], [>], [>], [>]; post-Berlin crisis pessimism of, [>]; describes “foreign service work,” [>]; on State Department bureaucracy, [>], [>]; on State Department “old men,” [>]–[>]; ambassador to Yugoslavia, [>]

  Kennedy, Caroline, [>], [>], [>], [>]; greets Nehru, [>]; at Glen Ora, [>]; in the White House, [>], [>], [>]

  Kennedy, Edward M., [>], [>] fn., [>]–[>], [>]; in elections of 1962, [>]

  Kennedy, Ethel (Mrs. Robert), [>], [>]; and swimming-pool incident, [>]; and Hickory Hill seminar, [>]

  Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and Stevenson, [>], [>]; meets JFK, [>]; influence of, [>], [>]–[>]; background of, [>]–[>], [>]; and Kennedy family, [>]; JFK accompanies to Paris, [>]; and de Gaulle, [>], [>]; and Malraux, [>], [>], [>]; Paris’s reaction to, [>]; and Khrushchev, [>]; and Nehru, [>], [>]; visits India, [>]; in the White House, [>]–[>], [>]; and State Dinners, [>]; and the Kennedy children, [>]; and White House restoration, [>]–[>]; and White House Guidebook, [>]; television tour of White House, [>]; delight of JFK with, [>]; and Eleanor Roosevelt, [>]; and the arts, [>]; and Lafayette Square project, [>]; accompanies JFK to Latin America, [>]; in Mexico City, [>]; addresses Cuban Brigade, [>]; and civil rights, [>]; and Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son), [>]; accompanies JFK to Dallas, [>], [>]; JFK discusses Secret Service’s role with, [>]

  Kennedy, John Fitzgerald

  AND AFRICA: early interest in, [>]–[>]; as Senator, urges U.S. recognition of independent Algeria, [>]; and Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee, [>]; aids Kenyan students, [>]; Foreign Service policy for, [>]–[>]; public reaction to interest in, [>]; diplomatic relations with leaders from, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; and Algerian revolution, [>], [>]; and Volta Dam, [>]–[>]; and the Congo, [>]–[>], [>]; and South Africa, [>]–[>]

  AND THE ARTS: personal interest in, [>]–[>]; invites artists and writers to inauguration, [>]–[>]; White House recognition of, [>]–[>]; role of government in, [>]–[>]

  ATLANTIC POLICY: and de Gaulle, [>], [>]–[>]; and Common Market, [>]–[>]; and trade expansion bill, [>], [>], [>]; and MLF, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; and Skybolt, [>]; and Macmillan at Nassau, [>]

  AS AUTHOR: Profiles in Courage, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; Why England Slept, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; Strategy of Peace, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; A Nation of Immigrants, [>]

  AND BERLIN, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] [>]–[>] passim; evaluates position of West Germany, [>]–[>]; Dean Acheson’s policy for, [>]–[>], [>]; Schlesinger memo on resemblances of Berlin to Bay of Pigs, [>]–[>]; Hyannisport meeting with advisers on, [>], [>]; dissatisfaction of, with planning for, [>]–[>]; strategy for, [>]–[>]; speaks to nation on crisis, [>]–[>]; mirror-image of Khrushchev on crisis, [>]–[>]; reaction of, to Wall, [>], [>]; Brandt’s condemnation of American passivity to Wall, [>]; sends LBJ to, [>]; Adenauer and Brandt urge speedy negotiations for, [>]; to Rusk on time for negotiating with Moscow, [>]–[>]; Bundy urges speedy negotiations, [>]; position on negotiating over Berlin, [>]

  AND BUSINESS: resistance to investment credit, [>]; conciliation policy with, [>]; respect for, [>]; and steel, [>]–[>]; and stock market fluctuation, [>]; lack of confidence of, in administration, [>]–[>]; and civil rights, [>]; and fiscal policy, [>]

  AND CAMPAIGN ISSUES, [>]; religion, [>], [>], [>], [>]; McCarthyism, [>]–[>], [>]; and Strauss nomination, [>]; health, [>], [>]; civil rights, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; and public affairs, [>], [>], [>]–[>]; labor, [>]; social welfare, [>]; national policy, [>], [>]; medical care, [>], [>]; education, [>], [>]; housing, [>], [>]; city planning, [>]; farm policy, [>], [>]; Cuba, [>]–[>]; Africa, [>]–[>]; economic recession, [>], [>]–[>]

  CHARACTERISTICS, PERSONAL: youth, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; independence, [>], [>]; wit, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; self-assurance, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; sense of history, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; political awareness and purpose, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; intelligence, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; ‘style,’ [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; empathy, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; intensity, [>]–[>], [>]; coolness and reserve, [>], [>]–[>]; “Irishness,” [>], [>]; view of life, [>], [>]; as avid reader, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; preoccupation with courage, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and death, [>]–[>], [>]; concern for world future, [>]–[>]; describes himself, [>]–[>]; curiosity, [>], [>]; irritability, [>]; fatalism, [>], [>]; as intellectual, [>]–[>], [>]; as Catholic, [>]–[>], [>]; detachment, [>]–[>], [>]; as historian, [>]–[>]; as pragmatist, [>], [>]; as “contemporary man,” [>]–[>]; physical appearance, [>], [>]; candor, [>]–[>]; as sailor, [>]–[>]; vitality, [>]; impatience, [>]; intentness, [>]; irony, [>]; self-criticism, [>]; skepticism, [>]; post-presidential plans, [>]–[>]

  AND CIVIL RIGHTS, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; presidential strategy for, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; Negro leaders’ criticisms of, [>]; and Meredith case, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; Vanderbilt University speech, [>]; television speech on civil rights, [>]–[>]; mobilizes support of opinion-makers, [>]–[>]

  COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE, [>]–[>], [>]

  AND CUBA, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>]–[>], [>]; during interregnum confusion, [>]–[>]; White Paper on Cuba, [>]–[>]; Schlesinger memo on, [>]–[>]; escape clause, [>], [>]–
[>], [>]; makes decision on invasion, [>]–[>]; CRC’s faith in, [>]; post-Bay of Pigs criticism of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; explains policy of restraint, [>]–[>]; assumes responsibility for, [>]–[>]; and anti-Castro measures, [>]; and missile crisis, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and release of Cuban Brigade, [>]–[>]

  DEATH, [>]–[>]

  AND DE GAULLE: Paris meeting, [>]–[>]; and European relations, [>], [>]–[>]; interest in, [>]–[>]

  AT DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1960, [>]–[>]; wins nomination, [>]; chooses running mate, [>]–[>]; reaction of, to LBJ’s acceptance, [>]–[>]; acceptance of nomination, [>]–[>]

  AND DISARMAMENT AND TESTING, [>]–[>] passim; and atmospheric testing, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; pre-election view, [>]; drafts strategy for UN presentation, [>]–[>]; regrets U.S. decision to resume testing, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; speaks to UN, [>]; and Macmillan, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; announces resumption of testing, [>]–[>]; view of arms race, [>]; on “first-strike” in nuclear war, [>]; problem of public education for, [>]–[>]; and test ban treaty, [>], [>]

  EARLY LIFE (pre-1940): at Harvard, [>], [>]; and England, [>], [>]; development in, [>], [>]–[>]; education, [>]; influence of travel upon, [>]–[>], [>]

  ECONOMIC VIEWS, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; as Keynesian, [>], [>]; as Congressman, [>]–[>]; as Senator, [>]; influence of father on, [>]–[>]; and recession, [>]–[>]; and special message to Congress, [>]; program of and Congress, [>], [>]; opposition of, to increased deficit, [>]; and planning, [>]–[>]. See also European Common Market; tariff reform under Atlantic Community

  AND ELECTIONS: to House of Representatives (1946), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; to Senate (1952), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; in 1956, [>]–[>]; of 1960, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; in congressional elections of 1962, [>]–[>]

  FOREICN POLICY VIEWS, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and military strength, [>]–[>

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