Alan Turing: The Enigma: The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game

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Alan Turing: The Enigma: The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game Page 92

by Andrew Hodges


  Higher School Certificate 49–50, 67

  Hilbert, David 78, 150, 317, 411, 595, 654

  Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) 137, 141–5, 159, 169, 267, 368, 470

  Hilbert programme 116–33, 140, 156, 158, 171, 173, 267

  Hilbert space 103–7

  Methoden der Mathematischen Physik 111

  Hilton, Peter 286, 287, 292, 294, 303, 519

  Himmler, Heinrich 320

  Hindenburg 163

  Hinsley, Francis Harry xxii

  Hiscocks, E. S. 422, 447

  History Boys, The xxv

  Hitler, Adolf 111, 115, 116, 140, 190, 201, 244, 281, 362, 391, 660

  hockey 16, 154, 163, 180

  Hodge, W. V. D. 429

  Hodges, Andrew xii–xiii

  Hodgkin, Dorothy 516

  Hofstadter, Douglas xi–xiii, 679

  Hogben, Lancelot 94, 153, 158, 381

  Hogg, Peter 63, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76

  Hollerith equipment 417

  Hollymeade house, Cheshire 537–9

  Holocaust 320

  Home Guard 292–3, 643, 645

  Homosexual in America, The 565

  homosexuality see sexuality

  Hooson, Emlyn 593

  hormones 588–93, 598

  hormone treatment xxiii, 595–7, 598, 612, 656–7

  Hoskin, N. E. 554

  Hotelling, Harold 432

  How to Win Friends and Influence People 398

  Hoyle, Fred 646

  Huff Duff system 275, 282

  Hughes, Howard

  Hell’s Angels 74

  Huskey, Harry D. 447, 459–60, 461, 468, 493, 512

  Hutter, David 673

  Huxley, Aldous

  Brave New World 94, 554, 588, 633

  hydra (worm) 547, 560

  hydrodynamics 555

  I

  I. G. Farben 391

  IBM 306, 376, 492

  Iconoscope 404, 445, 520

  Illustrated London News 511

  imitation game 523, 525, 533

  Immigration and Nationality Act (US) (1952) 597

  index registers 495

  India 4, 5–7, 8, 21–2, 33, 458, 465

  1919 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 33

  1947 independence 465

  Anantapur 8

  Bellary 5

  Bezwada 8

  Chatrapur 8

  Chicacole 8

  Coonoor 7, 606

  Kashmir 7, 22

  Kurnool 5, 8

  Madras 6, 8, 14

  Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway 6

  North-West Frontier 4

  Parvatipuram 8

  Silent Punkah-Wheel 6

  Tangabudra bridge 6

  Vizigapatam 5, 8

  Indian Army 4, 6

  Indian Civil Service 5, 7, 11, 12, 21, 33

  Industrial Chemist 443

  information theory 517

  Ingham, Albert Edward 80, 166, 169–70

  theory of numbers 169–70

  Inland Revenue 21

  Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton 111, 148–9, 165, 183, 520

  Institute of Electrical Engineers 434

  Institution of Radio Engineers 436, 443

  instruction tables xvii, 132, 158, 348, 379, 381, 406–12, 433, 437, 449–51, 453–4

  intelligent machinery xviii, xx, 449–58, 474–86, 488–9, 508–11, 522–37, 540–1, 558–9, 567–9

  Intelligent Machinery 474–86, 488–9, 541, 670

  Internal Constitution of the Stars, The 52, 66

  International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) 78

  International Congress of Musical Research 97

  International Postal Union 209

  Internet xvii, xviii

  Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 105, 110

  inverse probability 246–8

  inverse tangent function 34

  iodine 51, 66

  IQ tests 454, 455–6

  Iran 469

  Ireland 6, 320

  Cork 87

  County Clare 6

  Donegal 69

  Dublin 7, 317

  Home Rule movement 8

  Tipperary 6

  Irvine, Lyn 499

  Isle of Wight 465

  Ismay, Hastings Lionel, 1st Baron Ismay 279

  Italy 186, 187, 280

  Enigma machine 222, 234

  Italo-Ethiopian War 187

  Ivory Soap 148

  J

  J. Lyons and Co. Ltd 73, 472

  Jabberwocky 85, 112, 138, 383, 483, 521

  Jane 351

  Japan 7, 186, 187, 193, 297

  Battle of Midway 296

  Jeans, James 53, 66

  Jefferson, Geoffrey 521, 527, 532, 552, 569, 572, 579, 591, 596, 669

  The Mind of Mechanical Man 509–11

  Jeffries, John 203, 204, 226, 229

  Jerome, Jerome K.

  Three Men in a Boat 42

  Jesus 146

  Jewish refugees in England 190–1, 200

  John Lewis Partnership 249

  Johnson, Neville 470, 499, 585, 618, 619, 634

  Jones, Reginald Victor 224, 257, 494, 532

  Jones, Will 173–4

  Journal of Symbolic Logic 157, 159

  Jowett, Frederick William 637

  Judgment Day 173

  Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic 204

  Jung, Carl Gustav 648, 605, 656

  K

  K-ray Lighting System 73, 146

  Kaisar-i-Hind 63

  Kant, Immanuel 173

  Kashmir 7, 22

  Keen, Harold ‘Doc’ 228, 286, 329, 336

  Keen, Richard ‘Dick’ 341

  Keller, Helen 529

  Kendrick, A. M. 186, 245

  Keynes, John Maynard xxvii, 91, 111, 121, 174, 388, 465, 629, 653, 660

  Kilburn, T. 491, 493–4, 501

  Kimelfort, Scotland 10

  King Edward VI gold medal 76

  King Solomon’s Mines 9

  King, Ernest Joseph 297

  King’s College, Cambridge xxvii, xxix, 74–5, 77–81, 90–3, 95–101, 110–11, 116, 121–2, 143, 182–3, 189, 234, 466–70, 667, 674, 675

  Annual Report (AMT’s obituary) 667

  air raid shelters 234

  Anti-War movement 92–3, 112, 153–4, 642

  communists 94, 139, 234

  Hare and Hounds Club 469, 486

  Massinger Society 96

  moral autonomy 91–2, 264

  Moral Science Club 110, 115, 172, 469

  and sexuality 95–6, 98–101

  Ten Club 96, 467

  Kinsey, Alfred 577, 580–1, 586

  Kirwan family 9

  Kirwan, Evelyn 6, 7

  Kjell 599–600, 608, 622, 634

  Kleene, Stephen 142, 144, 149, 151, 169

  Knoop, L. 70, 74

  Knox, Dillwyn xxvii, 186, 192, 200, 203, 204, 234, 262, 336

  Knutsford, Cheshire 593

  Korean War 565

  Krebs 249

  Kristallnacht 190

  Kubrick, Stanley 670

  L

  Labour Party 186, 243, 386, 389

  Lake District 487

  lambda-calculus xxxi, 142, 159, 164, 169, 504

  Lancet 591

  Land of Hope and Glory 15

  Langevin, Paul 111

  LaPlace, Pierre-Simon 83, 138, 265, 365, 522, 544

  Lascaux Caves, France 499

  Lauenburg 252

  Laws, G. C. 76

  Lay of the Turings 3–4

  League of Nations 91

  Lech, Austria 113

  Lee, Mrs 351, 352

  Lee, W. H. ‘Jumbo’ 341, 342, 434, 460

  Leeds Housing Scheme 94

  Lefschetz, Solomon 149, 150, 184

  Lehmer, Derrick Henry 501

  Leicester, England 539

  Lend-Lease agreement 393

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 150

  Levy, H. 509

  Li
bya 292

  Life Force 101, 525, 542

  Lighthill, Michael James 559, 563, 600

  Lind-Smith, G. 593

  Lindeberg, Jarl Waldemar 113

  Linolite electric lamp 73, 89

  Lister Oration 509, 591

  Littlewood, John Edensor 172

  Liverpool, England 179–80, 197–8

  Lives of the Saints 669

  Lloyd George, David 95, 386

  Lloyds Bank 63

  Lockspeiser, Ben 494

  Lofoten Islands, Norway 249

  logarithms xxxi, 128, 170–1, 198, 247

  logic, mathematical 110, 117, 151, 158–9, 182, 184, 193, 195, 230–1, 270–1, 385, 411, 420, 505, 539

  logical control 363, 374, 377, 402, 404, 406, 412, 426, 492

  London

  Bethnal Green 94

  Birkbeck College 495

  Bushy Park 397

  County Council Parks Committee 5

  Cromer House 397, 398

  Dollis Hill 285–6, 291, 299, 309, 348, 359, 364, 427, 435

  Eastcote 486

  Hampton Hill 397

  Lyons Corner House 596

  Royal Albert Hall 139

  St Saviour’s Church 8

  Science Museum 68, 139, 562

  Slade School of Art 50

  Teddington Hall 397

  Warrington Lodge 8

  Woolwich Arsenal 385

  London Mathematical Society 121, 142, 143, 158, 169, 448

  Loom of Youth, The 28, 36, 37, 38, 168, 577

  Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias 518

  Lorenz cipher xxii

  Lovelace, Ada 373, 450

  Lowes Dickinson, Goldsworthy 91, 111, 389, 659

  Lucas, Édouard 500–1

  Lucas, Frank 189, 203

  Lucky Dragon 643

  Luftwaffe 233, 234, 237, 238, 239–40, 242, 252, 259, 278, 280, 325

  Lyons Corner House, London 596

  Lyttleton, Raymond Arthur 144, 167

  M

  Machiavelli 488

  Mackay, D. 518

  Maclean, Donald 631–2, 638, 639, 642

  Maclure, George 75

  MacMahon Act 494, 496

  MacPhail, Donald 196, 198, 201

  MacPhail, Malcolm 175, 196, 496

  Madras, India 6, 14

  Magic Squares 72

  magnetic drum 495, 500, 503, 506

  magnetic recording 394–5, 403

  Magnetophon 395

  Malik, R. 671

  Maltby, Colonel 359, 360

  Manchester, England xxiv, xxv, 496–7, 539–40

  Manchester computer xix, xxxi, 491–6, 500–7, 548, 550–2, 554, 557, 558–9, 567, 656

  Manchester Grammar School xxv

  Manchester Guardian 497, 499, 617

  Manchester Royal Infirmary 595

  Manchester Ship Canal 6, 496

  Manchester University 197, 291, 302, 384, 397, 428, 439, 449, 459, 469, 471, 473, 485, 490–507, 509, 514–15, 519, 619

  Royal Society Computing Laboratory 491–6, 550, 552

  Manhattan Project 317, 328, 376

  MANIAC (computer) 520

  Mansfield College, Oxford 206

  maps 23

  marathon running xvii, xxv–xxvi, 72–4, 434–5

  Marlborough School 15, 26

  Marshall, George Catlett 297

  Martin, Venable 151, 156, 161, 162, 180, 194

  Marxism 93–4, 629; see also communism

  Mary Magdalene 146

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 197, 316, 438

  Radiation Laboratory 516

  Matapan, battle of 235

  Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics 353

  Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge 197, 430, 472

  Mathematical Recreations and Essays 72, 208, 211, 557

  mathematics

  AMT on future of 456–7

  AMT out of touch with 419–20, 555

  absoluteness of 78–9

  applied 79, 102, 153, 415

  logistic view of 107

  modern abstractness of 104

  philosophy of (Wittgenstein) 193–6

  pure 79, 102–10, 113, 116–20, 122, 153, 195–6

  usefulness of (G. H. Hardy) 153

  Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik 86, 101–3

  Matthews, Peter 468, 469, 487, 490

  Mauchly, John 377, 380, 446, 520, 551

  Maurice 100, 389

  Maxwell-Fyfe, David 626, 635, 636

  Maxwell’s equations 343

  McCarthy, Joseph 630, 631, 661

  McCulloch, Warren Sturgis 382, 431, 508, 518

  McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis 82, 86

  meadow saffron xxvii

  Meccano 197

  Medawar, Peter Brian 597

  Melincourt 489

  Merchant Navy 206–7, 208, 328

  Mermagen 456

  Merrill, George 570

  Mersenne, Marin 500–1, 511, 512

  ‘Messages from the Unseen World’ 645–8, 647

  metal detector 433

  Methoden der Mathematischen Physik 111

  Metropolitan Police 200

  Meyer, Rollo 20

  MI5 339, 626

  MI6 186, 639

  Michie, Donald 292, 332–3, 334, 348, 367, 379, 433, 486, 488, 587, 603, 670, 671, 674

  Midway, battle of 296

  Mighty Micro, The 672

  Mill, John Stuart 95, 99, 387, 535, 581

  Millar, Major 312

  Milner-Barry, P. S. 279

  Mind 522, 558, 578, 658, 670, 673

  Mind of Mechanical Man, The 509–11

  Mind of the Maker, The 265

  minimax 267, 269, 273, 471, 488, 517, 555

  Ministry of Aircraft Production 302

  Ministry of Defence 494

  Ministry of Supply 384, 422, 443, 447, 463, 473, 494, 641

  Mississippi, United States 174

  Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord see Douglas-Scott-Montagu, Edward John Barrington

  Monte Carlo xxxi, 73, 89

  Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 295, 303–4

  Moore School, University of Pennsylvania 377, 430, 443, 459

  Moore-Brabazon, John Theodore Cuthbert, 1st Baron Brabazon of Tara 637

  Moore, George Edward ‘G. E.’ 174, 194

  Moorehead, Alan

  The Traitors 629

  Moral Science Club 110, 115, 172, 469

  Morcom, Christopher 45–59, 60–9, 80–1, 84, 138, 147, 193, 470, 480, 490, 616, 668

  Christopher Morcom Prize 66, 67, 71, 72

  Morcom, Mrs (Christopher’s mother) 50, 54, 60–1, 62–9, 75, 81, 147, 174, 262, 537

  Morcom, Reginald (Christopher’s father) 50, 62–3, 75, 147

  Morcom, Rupert (Christopher’s brother) 50–1, 58, 63, 64, 147, 463

  Morocco 304

  morphogenesis xx, 543–8, 560, 563, 587, 600, 611, 620

  Morse code 211, 275, 288, 297

  Mossadeq, Mohammad 469

  Mountbatten, Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 328, 436–7, 438, 443

  Muggeridge, Malcolm 206, 265, 300

  multiplication 175–8

  München 252

  Murder in the Cathedral 185

  Murray, Arnold xxiv, xxv, 565–7, 569–71, 572, 574–6, 580, 594–5, 596, 675–6

  mushrooms 351

  N

  Nancy, France 497, 507

  Narvik, Norway 238, 239

  National Bureau of Standards 396

  National Cash Register 306

  National Coal Board 458

  National Development and Research Commission 377

  National Health Service (NHS) 565

  National Hospital for Nervous Diseases 518

  National Physical Laboratory (NPL) 383–6, 391, 394–433, 437–47, 459–63, 468, 471–4, 489, 501, 503, 554, 557, 559, 671

  Executive Committee 419, 420, 426, 471–2, 489, 513

  Radio Division 426

&
nbsp; National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) 551, 563

  National Security Agency (NSA) xv, 639

  Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know 16–18, 22, 86, 123, 138, 261, 478, 528,

  on the brain 37, 137, 366, 435

  on chemistry 24

  on gastrulation 541–2, 544, 545

  on hormones 35, 588–9

  on hydra 547

  on intelligence 334

  on poisons, alcohol 24, 616

  on reproduction 17, 541–2, 544

  Nature 449, 667

  Nature of the Physical World, The 45, 52–3, 66

  Naval Intelligence Division 235–6, 237

  Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC) 236, 237, 239, 254, 255, 325

  Navy, British see Royal Navy

  Navy, German see under Germany

  Navy, US 275, 280, 296–8, 306, 318, 331, 376, 430

  Nazism xvi, 111–12, 113, 114–15, 140, 178, 188–9, 190, 320, 331–2, 375, 455, 658, 660

  Holocaust 320

  and mathematics 111

  and sexuality 116, 320

  nebulae 53, 58

  Nelson, George 426

  Netherlands 4, 191, 240

  von Neumann, John 109, 111, 149, 161, 526, 624, 654

  and ACE 513–14

  almost periodic functions 121–2

  AMT, contact with 151, 158, 165, 167, 183–4, 520

  and atomic bomb 376–7, 392, 456

  background 122

  and computers 376–7, 379–82, 406–7, 413, 428, 430–1, 444, 446, 520

  and cybernetics 507

  and Iconoscope 403–4

  Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics 86, 101–3, 138, 353

  and storage 406–7, 409, 491

  theory of automata 489

  theory of games 268, 469

  neurons 486–8, 548–50

  ‘Neville’ see Johnson, Neville

  New College, Oxford 154

  New Hampshire 163

  New Statesman 94, 95, 111, 178, 242, 262, 387

  New York 162–3, 305, 314, 340

  City College 159

  Greenwich Village 314

  Rockefeller Center 305, 340

  New York Times 631

  New Zealand 6

  Newman, Edward A. 498

  Newman, Lyn xix, 598, 611, 649, 650, 653, 657, 665, 674

  Newman, Maxwell Herman Alexander, xxxi, 145, 178, 552, 556, 601, 615, 667, 670

  Foundations of Mathematics course at Cambridge 116–17, 119–20, 123, 137, 193

  and Computable Numbers 139, 141–3

  collaboration with AMT on set theory 270, 272

  role at Bletchley 291, 335–7, 347

  origin of ACE 385

  and Manchester computer 428–9, 432, 491, 494–5, 500, 501, 513, 522

  at Manchester University 468–9, 473, 496, 498–9, 552

  discusses machine intelligence 511, 567–8

  and AMT’s trial 584, 586, 594, 595

  Newnham College, Cambridge 189

  News of the World 597

  News Review 508, 509

  Newton, Isaac xv, 44, 55, 78, 656

  calculus 79

  theory of gravitation 79

  Next Million Years, The 592

  Nietzsche, Friedrich 387

 

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