Alan Turing: The Enigma: The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game

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Alan Turing: The Enigma: The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game Page 93

by Andrew Hodges


  Nile river 6

  Niles, Blair

  Strange Brother 589

  Nim (game) 557, 562

  Nineteen Eighty-Four 534, 660, 663–4

  non-numerical problem 417

  Nonconformism 496

  normal numbers xxxi

  Normandie 185, 188

  Normandy campaign 349, 350, 362

  North Atlantic Treaty 627

  Norton, Harry 117

  Norway xviii, 238–9, 298, 599–600, 604

  Lofoten Islands 249

  Nottinghamshire 4

  Novikov, Pyotr Sergeyevich 623

  Nowell Smith 27, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 479, 592, 628

  Noyce, Wilfrid 487

  Nuffield Foundation 587, 597

  numbers

  binary numbers 175–8, 371, 402–3

  complex numbers 170, 179, 314, 349, 352

  computable numbers 128, 130–40, 143

  Fibonacci numbers 261, 352, 542, 547, 551, 600

  floating-point numbers 408, 411, 462, 503, 602

  imaginary numbers 106, 170

  normal numbers xxxi

  prime numbers xv–xvi, 170–1, 194, 500, 511, 512

  rational numbers 129–30

  real numbers 106, 128

  theory of numbers 153, 169–72; see also Riemann unsatisfactory numbers 132, 463

  numerical analysis 396, 468, 600

  Nyquist, Harry 314

  O

  O’Hanlon, Geoffrey 27, 31–2, 34, 39, 41, 42, 63, 69, 70, 72, 76, 87, 669

  Obama, Barack xv

  Observer, The 497, 617

  oestrogen 589–90, 592, 597

  Officers Training Corps 32, 35

  Okkels, H. 637

  Olaf V, king of Norway 298

  Olympic Games 486–7

  On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures 374

  one-time principle 205, 311

  Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC) 236, 237, 239, 254, 255, 325

  Oppenheimer, Robert xvi, 643

  ordinal logics 181–2, 267, 453, 536

  Ordinal Logics 536

  organo-therapy 595–7, 598, 612, 656–7

  Orwell, George 11–12, 390, 457, 629, 633

  Nineteen Eighty-Four 534, 660, 663–4

  Road to Wigan Pier, The 389

  oscillation 544

  oscilloscopes 359

  OTC camp 69, 75

  Our Fighting Navy 112

  Owl Service, The xxv

  Oxford 23

  Oxford University 111, 144, 151, 674

  Corpus Christi College 5

  Mansfield College 206

  New College 154

  Oxford Union 90

  P

  pacifism 90, 112

  Pandy, Wales 243

  Pasteur, Louis 22, 553

  Patton, George Smith 391

  Pauli, Wolfgang 161

  Pauli Exclusion Principle 648

  Pauling, Linus 516

  Peacock, Thomas Love

  Melincourt 489

  Peano, Giuseppe 107

  Peierls, Rudolf Ernst 377

  Peirce, Charles Sanders 247, 248

  Pembroke College, Cambridge 67

  Pendergrass, James T. 430

  Penrose, Roger xxi, 646, 673

  periodic polyalphabetic cipher 209

  perspective drawing 66

  Peters, Fritz Finistère 613

  Petrov, Aleksei Zinovyevich 646

  Petrov, Vladimir 644

  Philippines 338

  photo-electric effect 84

  phyllotaxis 600

  physical Church–Turing thesis xxi

  Pi π 128

  Piaget, Jean 604

  Pigou, Arthur 94, 121, 234, 263, 337, 487, 660

  Pilgrim’s Progress, The 13, 648

  Pirani, F. A. E. 646

  Pitts, W. 382, 431, 508

  Podanur, Madras 6

  Poker 268

  Poland 93, 199–200

  Enigma machine 213, 214–22, 226, 238

  Warsaw conference 200

  Polanyi, John 611

  Polanyi, Michael 521–2, 523, 527, 530, 542–3, 544, 579, 596, 604, 658

  Popper, Karl 521

  Popplewell, Cicely 505–6, 555, 562, 585

  Porgy (teddy bear) 114, 121

  Port Said, Egypt 303

  Portmadoc, Wales 272

  positrons 103

  Post Office Research Station 285–6, 291, 299, 309, 340, 341, 348, 359, 364, 390, 391, 412, 422, 427–8, 435, 461, 473, 513

  Post, Emil 159, 519

  Potsdam Conference 391

  Powell Dyffryn 63

  Presents (game) 500

  Price, Francis 154, 163, 180, 460

  Prigogine, Ilya 586

  Prime Number Theorem 171

  prime numbers xv–xvi, 170–1, 194, 500, 511, 512

  Princeton University 111, 122, 141, 143, 144, 148–52, 154, 156–7, 160, 163–8, 174–5, 180, 184, 268, 272, 446, 448, 462

  Carnegie Lake 148, 162

  Fine Hall 149

  Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) 111, 148–9, 165, 183, 520

  Mathematical Club 157

  treasure hunts 163, 180, 189, 206, 499

  Principia Mathematica 109, 117, 194

  Pringle, John 518, 586

  Prinz, Dietrich G. 555

  Probability and the Weighing of Evidence 433

  probability 85, 113, 189, 228, 232, 246, 262, 267–70, 273, 333, 432–3, 435, 469, 505, 567

  Probable Word method 222, 299, 517

  Proceedings 142, 143, 158, 169, 563

  Programmers’ Handbook 503–4, 536, 557

  Project X 311–14, 338, 344, 357, 358, 369

  Pryce, Maurice 55, 122, 149, 160–1, 163, 166, 168, 189, 201, 392, 554

  psychoanalysis xxvi, xxx, 605–7

  Psychology (game) 163, 469

  psychology 99, 137, 365, 508, 558, 589; see also behaviourism

  public schools 28–31, 478–80

  anti-intellectualism 90

  Common Entrance examination 19, 25

  corporal punishment 72

  fags (servants) 29, 31, 76

  and sexuality 37–8

  university entrance scholarships 54

  Victorian reforms 30

  punched cards 178, 179, 249, 277, 374, 397, 403, 501, 505

  pure mathematics 79, 102–10, 113, 116–20, 122, 153, 195–6

  Pure Mathematics 75

  Put Out More Flags 332

  Pythagoras 130

  Q

  Quakers 84, 112, 113

  Relief Action 190

  quantum electrodynamics 160

  quantum theory xxi, 52–3, 79, 83–6, 102, 104, 112, 122, 123, 153, 365, 392, 483, 543, 556, 624

  Quebec agreement 643

  Queen Elizabeth 304, 305, 318, 445

  Queen Mary 168

  R

  radio communication 204

  Radio Security Service 339

  Radiolaria 620, 621

  Radley, W. G. 336, 364, 427

  Rajchman, J. A. 445

  Ramanujan, Srinivasa 554

  Ramsey, Frank 117

  Ramshaw, Mrs 202–3, 350, 603

  random number generator 506

  Randell, Brian 671

  Ratio Club 518–19, 587, 599, 646

  rational numbers 129–30

  Raubgraf (U-boat line) 326

  Rawalpindi, HMS 237

  RCA 404, 445

  RCA Radio Tube Manual 319

  RCA speech cipher 309, 310, 313, 318

  Reading without Tears 11

  real numbers 106, 128

  Red Flag, The 389

  Rees, David 428

  ‘Reform of Mathematical Notation, The’ 271, 603

  Reichstag fire 173

  Reith Lectures 548

  relativity, theory of 43, 44, 68, 153, 161, 469, 525, 645, 646

  relays, electromagnetic 176, 177, 284, 297, 316, 375, 376

  religion 35–6, 83, 84, 88, 89, 95,
101, 146, 265, 388, 511, 605, 658

  Rhine, Joseph Banks 524

  Rhineland, Germany 140

  Rhode Island, USA 168, 308

  Ribbentrop–Molotov pact 200

  Richards, Bernard 620

  Richmond, Surrey 342

  Riemann, Bernhard 153, 170–2, 178, 179

  Riemann zeta-function 178–80, 196–9, 350, 371, 372, 396, 514–15, 518

  Riemannian geometry 150

  Rising Tide of Colour Against White World-Supremacy, The 39

  Road to Wigan Pier, The 389

  Roberts, Keith 467, 469, 499, 561

  Robertson, Howard Percy 161, 646

  ‘Robin’ see Gandy, Robin

  Robin, Harold 361

  Robinsons (electronic counting machines) 335, 369, 505

  Rock, Cornwall 63

  Rockefeller Center, New York 305, 340

  Rockex 340, 354, 369, 503

  Roehm, Ernst 115

  Rohwer, Jürgen The Critical Convoy Battles of 1943 668

  Rommel, Erwin Johannes Eugen 295, 296, 297, 300

  Room 40 185, 186, 188, 241, 250, 255, 274

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 163, 180, 308, 325

  Ross, A. H. Trelawny 38–40, 42, 46, 533

  Rosser, John Barkley 149, 151, 169

  Rotterdam, Netherlands 4

  Rouen, France 20

  Routledge, Norman xix, xxix, 468, 497, 599, 609

  Royal Air Force (RAF) 200, 208, 235, 236, 242, 280, 362, 469

  Royal Albert Hall, London 139

  Royal Army Medical Corps 6

  Royal College of Science, Dublin 168

  Royal Flying Corps 339

  Royal Naval College, Greenwich 601

  Royal Navy 185, 208, 235–9, 240–1, 245, 253, 254, 275, 325–8

  Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS) 240, 245, 266, 278, 348, 362

  Royal Society 22, 429, 468, 491, 494, 495, 552–3, 554, 597, 617

  Computing Laboratory 491–6, 552

  Proceedings 142, 143, 158, 169, 563

  Rózycki, Jerzy xxvii

  Rugby School 292

  running, AMT’s passion for xvii, xxv–xxvi, 72–4, 434–5

  Russell, Bertrand 107–10, 117, 150, 172, 270, 301, 320, 456, 526, 552, 629, 659, 660

  Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 105, 110

  Principia Mathematica 109, 117, 194

  Russian Empire 185, 186

  Rylands, George 467

  Ryle, Gilbert

  The Concept of Mind 526

  S

  St Albans, Hertfordshire 200

  St Christopher 65

  St John’s College, Annapolis 180

  St Lawrence Seaway 551

  St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex 9–11, 387–8

  St Michael’s School 11, 12, 14

  St Saviour’s Church, London 8

  Salmon and Trout Magazine 4

  Sand, K. 637

  Sark, Guernsey 76, 87

  Saunderstown, Rhode Island 308

  Sayers, Dorothy 475, 489

  The Mind of the Maker 265

  Sayre, David 516

  Scharnhorst 238, 280, 338

  Schiller, Friedrich

  Don Karlos 191

  Scholz, Heinrich 157, 192, 272, 669

  Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften 193

  School Certificate 41

  Schrödinger, Erwin 52, 85, 101, 102, 111

  What is life 543

  Schwarzwald, Germany 87

  Science and the Nation 458

  Science and the Unseen World 645

  Science Museum, London 68, 139, 562

  Science News xvii, 623

  Scotland 3, 10, 14

  Secret War, The 671

  sequential analysis 433

  set theory 107–10, 116–20, 270

  sexual guessing game 523, 533

  Sexual Offences Act (UK) 671–2

  sexuality, homosexuality xiii, xviii–xix, xxiii–xxv, 146, 161–4, 301–2, 352, 355, 388–90, 466–7, 499, 565–7, 604, 611–14, 651–4, 661, 671–3

  and Cold War politics xxiv, 626–45

  at King’s College 95–6, 98–101

  legal and medical response xxiii–xxiv, 575–93, 595–7, 598, 605, 607, 612, 656–7

  in Manchester xxiv, xxv, 540

  and Nazism 116, 320–1

  in New York 314

  at public schools 37–8

  and US military xviii

  Shakespeare, William

  Hamlet 42, 510

  Henry V 341

  The Tempest 331

  Shannon, Claude 314–16, 333, 345, 387, 446, 453, 517–18, 526

  Shaw, George Bernard 92, 95, 261, 387, 455, 475, 534, 629, 656, 659

  Back to Methuselah 92, 95, 101, 161, 164, 182, 201, 334, 455, 525, 535

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe 552–3, 657

  Shenley Brook End 202, 243, 433, 603

  Sheppard, John xxvii, 121

  Sherborne School, Dorset 27, 28–59, 89, 121, 367, 480, 537, 609–10, 674

  corporal punishment 72

  Duffers Society 71

  Girls’ School 49

  OTC camp 69, 75

  Quatercentenary appeal 564

  Westcott House 27, 29, 31, 63, 68, 70–2

  Shirburnian, The 669

  Sierpiński, Wacław Franciszek 80

  Sigint 330, 362, 370

  Silent Punkah-Wheel 6

  Simpson, Buckinghamshire 339, 361

  Simpson, Wallis 154–6

  Singapore 280

  Sinkov, Abraham 208, 211

  SIS 186

  sixth form 41

  Skewes, Stanley xxxi, 172, 196

  Slade School of Art, London 50

  Small Back Room, The 359–60, 531

  Smith, R. A. 439–40

  Smith’s Prize 145

  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs xxv, 189

  socialism 387, 389, 455–6

  Society and the Homosexual 579

  Socrates xxx

  Sorbonne, France 7

  Soul of Man under Socialism, The 455–6

  South Carolina, USA 180

  Soviet Union xxiii, 93, 112, 173, 199, 458, 459, 486, 522, 627, 629, 642, 658, 660

  1920 Polish-Soviet War 93

  1929 revolution 93

  1939 Ribbentrop-Molotov pact 200

  1942 Battle of Stalingrad 296

  1943 German surrender at Stalingrad 317

  1949 atomic bomb test 520

  1953 atomic bomb test 642–3

  Spanish Civil War 187, 222

  Special Communications Unit No. 3 (SCU3) 339–64

  speech encipherment xxiii, 309–18, 338, 343–64

  spinor calculus 623

  Stalin, Joseph 259, 612–13, 642

  Stalingrad, battle of 296, 317

  starfish 541–2

  State Department 631

  states of mind 134, 136, 137, 333, 364, 367, 382, 396, 451

  statistics 113, 248, 257, 291, 306, 335, 350, 499, 505, 517, 567, 597

  Stead, Christopher 156

  Stephenson, William Samuel 305, 340, 627

  Stibitz, George Robert 376, 377, 410

  Stoddard, Theodore Lothrop Rising Tide of Colour Against White World-Supremacy, The 39

  stone, paper, scissors 268

  Stoney family, origins of 6

  Stoney, Edward Crawford 6

  Stoney, Edward Waller (grandfather) 6, 7, 8, 15

  Stoney, George Johnstone 22, 284, 553

  Stoney, Richard 6

  Stoney, Sarah (née Crawford) (grandmother) 6

  Stoney, Thomas 6

  Stoney, Thomas George 6

  Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire 332

  Stopford, John 586

  Strachey, Christopher 556–8, 562, 563, 601–2

  Strachey, Lytton 186

  Strachey, Oliver 186, 556

  Strachey, Ray 186, 556

  Stratford-upon-Avon 81

  Strauss, E. B. 608

  sub-routines 503�
�4, 512

  Sunday Dispatch 631

  Sunday Empire News 435

  Sunday Express 100, 661

  Sunday Pictorial 579, 580, 591, 631, 634

  Sunderland Grammar School 470

  Swan Electric Light Company 73

  Swan, Joseph 50

  Swan, Mollie 62

  Sweden 251

  Sydney Sunday Telegraph 639

  Symposium on Large Scale Digital Calculating Machinery 445, 447–8

  T

  Tangabudra bridge 6

  Taylor, Geoffrey Ingram 376

  Technische Hochschule, Zurich 51

  Teddington Hall, London 397, 460

  teddy bear 114, 121

  Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) 284, 285, 427–8, 430, 439, 440, 444, 518

  teleprinter signals 288–95, 310, 340, 501, 502

  Temperance movement 24

  Tempest, The 331

  Tess of the d’Urbervilles 261

  Tester, Major 291

  Thames river 6

  Theosophy 89

  thermodynamics 83, 601

  Thomas, H. A. 461, 462, 468, 512, 513

  Thompson, D’Arcy 17, 261, 262

  Growth and Form 261

  Three Men in a Boat 42

  Through the Looking Glass 85, 93–4

  tide prediction 179–80, 197–8

  Tiltman, John Hessell 257

  Times, The 57, 58, 437, 449, 486, 510, 511, 667

  Tipperary, Ireland 6

  Titchmarsh, Edward Charles 178, 179, 197

  Tizard, Henry 494

  Tobruk, Libya 292

  Tolstoy, Leo 387, 598–9, 656, 659

  Anna Karenina 598

  War and Peace 598

  Tootill, G. C. 491, 493–4, 501, 503, 506–7

  topology 116–20, 122, 150, 556

  Toulmin, Stephen 607

  Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 173

  Traitors, The 629

  Travis, Edward 224, 245, 257, 276, 281, 333, 340, 419, 430, 457, 473, 551

  treasure hunts 163, 180, 189, 206, 499, 616

  Treaty of Versailles 111

  trigonometry 342

  Trinity College, Cambridge 4, 50, 54–7, 92, 117, 160

  Trollope, Anthony 360, 536, 656

  Trustram Eve, Herbert (uncle) 4, 12

  Trustram Eve, Jean (née Turing) (aunt) 4–5, 12

  tuberculosis, bovine 60, 72

  Tunbridge Wells, Kent 10

  Turing, Alan Mathison xii–xiii

  1911

  conceived in Coonoor, India 8

  1912

  born in London 8–9

  1913–1915

  lives with Colonel and Mrs Ward in St Leonards-on-Sea 9–10

  1916–1917

  lives with mother in St Leonards-on-Sea, attends Anglican church 10–11

  teaches himself to read 11

  1918

  sent to St Michael’s school to learn Latin, has trouble writing 11, 12

  visits the Trustram Eves at Christmas 12–13

  1919–1921

  father returns to England, holiday in Ullapool, Scotland 14

  parents return to India, stagnates in St Leonards and becomes unsociable 14

  1921

  mother returns, teaches him in London 14

 

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