Vodka Politics_Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State
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41. “Za zdorov’e: Putin posovetoval rossiyanam men’she pit’,” Kasparov.ru, June 26, 2009, http://www.kasparov.ru/material.php?id=4A44AC95792B2 (accessed July 3, 2009); Vladimir Milov et al., eds., Putin. Korruptsiya (Moscow: Partiya narodnoi svobody, 2011), 22–24, http://www.putin-itogi.ru/f/Putin-i-korruptsiya-doklad.pdf.
42. Anna Bailey, “Explaining Rosalkogol’regulirovaniye. Why Does Russia Have a New Federal Alcohol Regulator?” in: Alkogol’ v Rossii: Materialy vtoroi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Ivanovo, 28–29 oktyabrya 2011), ed. Nikolai V. Dem’yanenko (Ivanovo: Filial RGGU v g. Ivanovo, 2011), 105. On ties to Yawara-Neva and Rosspirtprom, see Nina Petlyanova, “Soobrazili na svoikh,” Novaya gazeta, March 4, 2011, http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/6856.html (accessed Aug. 27, 2013).
43. Faulconbridge, “Russia’s President Calls Time on Vodka ‘Disaster’.”
44. “Medvedev Urges More Steps to Curb Alcohol Threat.”
45. Stanislav Belkovskii, “Kak nam posadit’ federal’nykh ministrov,” Moskovskii Komsomolets, April 22, 2011, http://www.mk.ru/politics/article/2011/04/21/583254-kak-nam-posadit-federalnyih-ministrov.html; Yulia Latynina, “The 3rd Opium War,” Moscow Times, April 20, 2011, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/the-3rd-opium-war/435388. html (accessed April 24, 2011); “Will Golikova Be Shown the Door?” Rumafia.com, Dec. 12, 2011, http://rumafia.com/news.php?id=470 (accessed Dec. 15, 2011).
46. Zvagelsky on increasing the tax: Malcolm Borthwick, “Russian Beer Sales Suffering Tax Hike,” BBC News, May 31, 2011 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/business-13604311 (accessed June 2, 2011). Beer more dangerous than vodka, see Irina Novoselova, “Deputatskaya artel’,” Vek, April 29, 2010, http://wek.ru/ekonomika/17636-deputatskayaartel.html (accessed June 2, 2011).
47. Lesova, “Russia Targets Beer, Not Vodka, to Tackle Alcoholism.”
48. Tim Wall, “Beer, Death and Taxes,” Moscow News, Oct. 5, 2009, http://themoscownews.com/proetcontra/20091005/55389702.html (accessed Oct. 11, 2009).
49. Isabel Gorst, “Russia: Downing Fewer Pints,” Financial Times (BeyondBRICs blog), Nov. 9, 2011, http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2011/11/09/russia-downing-fewer-pints/#axzz1dcREZv7H (accessed Nov. 10, 2011); Evgeniya Chaykovskaya, “Russia Produced Record Quantity of Vodka,” Moscow News, July 17, 2012, http://themoscownews.com/russia/20120717/189970216.html (accessed July 20, 2012); Il’ya Khrennikov, “Russian Beer Output Falls on Restrictions, Fueling Vodka Gains,” Bloomberg, Oct. 17, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-17/russian-beer-output-falls-on-restrictions-fueling-vodka-gains.html (accessed October 18, 2012).
50. Anna Bailey, “Protecting the Public, or Protecting Vodka? How Beer was Banished from Russian Kiosks,” unpublished manuscript, University College London, 2013.
51. On authoring alcohol legislation: Anna Levinskaya, “U gastronomov v regionakh otzyvayut alkogol’nye litsenzii,” RBK Daily, Feb. 13, 2013 http://rbcdaily.ru/market/562949985714936 (accessed Aug. 13, 2013), linked from Zvagelsky’s homepage, http://www.zvagelskiy.ru/. On ties to Rosspirtprom and other vodka companies, see “Zvagel’skii, Viktor Fridrikhovich,” Lobbying.ru http://www.lobbying.ru/persons.php?id=2722 (accessed May 28, 2013); “A byl li uchreditel’?” Novaya gazeta, July 12, 2010, http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/2727.html (accessed May 28, 2013).
52. Alina Lobzina, “Alcohol Consumption Fills Russian Budget,” Moscow News, Nov. 29, 2012, http://themoscownews.com/business/20121129/190929807.html (accessed Dec. 1, 2012).
53. Anatoly Medetsky, “In a Populist Move, Putin Promises $16bln for Health Care,” Moscow Times, April 21, 2010, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/in-a-populist-move-putin-promises-16bln-for-health-care/404405.html (accessed April 23, 2010); Darya Korsunskaya, “Interview: More Government Spending Won’t Help Russian Economy—Finance Minister,” Reuters, June 16, 2010, http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFLDE65F13020100616?sp=true (accessed July 11, 2010).
54. “‘People Should Smoke and Drink More,’ Says Russian Finance Minister,” Telegraph, Sept. 1, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/7975521/People-should-smoke-and-drink-more-says-Russian-finance-minister.html (accessed Sept. 11, 2010).
55. Anatoly Miranovsky, “Kuril’shchiki i p’yanitsy zaplatyat ‘nalog’ na vrednye privichki,” Pravda, Sept. 2, 2010, http://www.pravda.ru/economics/finance/02–09-2010/1047661-tax-0 (accessed Sept. 11, 2010).
56. M. J. Akbar, “Wanted: A Nobel Prize for Honesty,” Arab News, Sept. 11, 2010, http://arabnews.com/opinion/columns/article134636.ece?comments=all (accessed Sept. 11, 2010); “Kudrin: Finance Minister of the Year,” RT.com, Oct. 11, 2010, http://rt.com/news/kudrineuromoney-award-2010 (accessed Nov. 5, 2010).
57. Anatoly Karlin, “The Uncertain Future of Cheap Russian Booze,” Sublime Oblivion, April 28, 2011, http://www.sublimeoblivion.com/2011/04/28/future-of-russian-booze (accessed April 30, 2011); Mark Lawrence Schrad, “Moscow’s Drinking Problem,” New York Times, April 16, 2011, W8, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/opinion/17Schrad.html?_r=1&hpw (accessed April 18, 2011); “Vladimir Putin Speaks out against Sharp Rises in Prices on Alcohol in Russia,” BCM News Portal, April 1, 2011, http://www.newsbcm.com/doc/725 (accessed April 2, 2011).
58. Michael Schwirtz, “Russian President Ousts Finance Minister, a Putin Ally, for Insubordination,” New York Times, Sept. 27, 2011, A4; For RT.com video coverage see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpCVLv-1mpA/.
Chapter 24
1. Oleg Blotskii, Vladimir Putin: Istoriya zhizny (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnaya otnosheniya, 2001), 68–69; cited in Masha Gessen, The Man without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin (New York: Riverhead Books, 2012), 48–49.
2. David Remnick, “The Civil Archipelago: How Far Can the Resistance to Vladimir Putin Go?” New Yorker, Dec. 19, 2011, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/12/19/111219fa_fact_remnick?currentPage=all (accessed Dec. 25, 2011). On the fight being a “bit of a snoozer,” see Steve Barry, “M-1 Global ‘Fedor vs. Monson’ Results: Fedor Emelianenko Snaps Three-Fight Losing-Streak,” MMA Convert, Nov. 20, 2011, http://www.mmaconvert.com/2011/11/20/m-1-global-fedor-vs-monson-results-fedor-emelianenko-snaps-three-fight-losing-streak (accessed March 16, 2012).
3. Michael David Smith, “Booing of Putin at Fedor Fight Draws International Interest,” MMAFighting.com, Nov. 21, 2011, http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/11/21/booingof-putin-at-fedor-fight-draws-international-interest (accessed March 17, 2012); Remnick, “Civil Archipelago.”
4. Vladimir Ryzhkov, “The Dirtiest Elections in Post-Soviet History,” Moscow Times, Dec. 2, 2011. http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/the-dirtiest-elections-in-post-soviet-history/449079.html/ (accessed Dec. 3, 2011); AP, “An Insider’s Account of Vote Rigging,” Moscow Times, Dec. 7, 2011, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/an-insiders-account-of-vote-rigging-for-putin/449455.html (accessed Dec. 8, 2011).
5. Nikolaus von Twickel, “Media Thaw’s Staying Power Hotly Debated,” Moscow Times, March 16, 2012, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/media-thaws-staying-power-hotly-debated/454836.html (accessed March 16, 2012).
6. Iris Hoßmann et al., Europe’s Demographic Future: Growing Imbalances (Berlin: Berlin Institute for Population and Development, 2008), 3; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section, “World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision,” http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/country-profiles/country-profiles_1.htm (accessed March 17, 2012). See also Howard Amos, “Russia’s Ghost Towns,” Global Post, July 26, 2011, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/russia/110720/russia-rural-population-demographics (accessed July 28, 2011).
7. John Bongaarts and Rodolfo A. Bulatao, eds., Beyond Six Billion: Forecasting the World’s Population (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000), 278; Jeremy Singer-Vine, “Crowded, with a Chance of Overcrowded,” Slate, Jan. 27, 2011, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2011/01/crowded_with_a_chance_of_overcrowded.ht
ml (accessed Jan. 28, 2012).
8. David Zaridze et al., “Alcohol and Cause-Specific Mortality in Russia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of 48,557 Adult Deaths,” The Lancet 373 (2009): 2213.
9. Belarusian trends largely conform to the Russian experience. Anatolii G. Vishnevskii, “Rossiya pered demograficheskim vyborom,” 74–75; Dar’ya A. Khalturina and Andrei V. Korotaev, “Vvedeniye: Alkogol’naya katastrofa: Kak ostanovit’ vymiranie Rossii,” 43, both in Alkogol’naya katastrofa i vozmozhnosti gosudarstvennoi politiki v preodolenii alkogol’noi sverkosmertnosti v Rossii, ed. Dar’ya A. Khalturina and Andrei V. Korotaev (Moscow: Lenand, 2010).
10. Sergei Scherbov and Wolfgang Lutz, Future Regional Population Patterns in the Soviet Union: Scenarios to the Year 2050, IIASA Working Paper No. WP-88–104 (Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA, 1988), 14–15. See also Svetlana Soboleva, Migration and Settlement: Soviet Union, IIASA Working Paper No. WP-80-45 (Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA, 1980): 130.
11. Elena Arakelyan, “Kazhdyi tretii rossiyanin vypivaet na rabote,” Komsomol’skaya pravda, March 22, 2012, http://amur.kp.ru/daily/25855.4/2823658/ (accessed March 23, 2012).
12. Philip Hanson, “The Russian Economy and Its Prospects,” in Putin Again: Implications for Russia and the West (London: Chatham House, 2012), 22–29.
13. See text accompanying note 8 of chapter 7. On vodka politics and beer see David M. Herszenhorn, “New Beer Law Draws Cautious Support, with Notes of Pessimism,” New York Times, Jan. 7, 2013, A8, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/world/europe/russian-beer-law-draws-support-and-some-pessimism.html (accessed Jan. 7, 2013).
14. O. G. von Heidenstam, Swedish Life in Town and Country (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904), 193–94.
15. Ibid., 193. For Swedish consumption statistics see Statens folkhälsoinstitut (Swedish National Institute of Public Health), Försäljning av spritdrycker, vin och öl i Sverige under åren 1861–1999 (Stockholm: Statens folkhälsoinstitut), 12–16; Switzerland Bureau fédéral de statistique, Question de l’alcoolisme. Exposé comparatif des lois et des expériences de quelques états étrangers, par le bureau fédéral de statistique (Berne: Imprimerie K.-J. Wyss, 1884), 672.
16. von Heidenstam, Swedish Life in Town and Country, 187, 93. See also Victor Nilsson, Sweden (New York: Co-Operative Publication Society, 1899), 387.
17. Johan Pontén, Historia kring alkoholen: Från Syndafloden till dagens Sverige (Stockholm: Natur och kultur, 1967), 72–88; Hanna Hodacs, “Det civiliserade, protestantiska och nyktra Europa: Om nykterhetstankens spridning i det tidiga 1800-talets Sverige,” Spiritus, no. 4 (2002): 14–16; Nykterhetskommittén, Betänkande VI, 1: Redogörelse för lagstiftningen i Sverige om rusdryckers försäljning, 1800–1911 (1914), 9341 Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek, Stockholm, 14–22. Temperance membership data from Carl-Goran Andræ and Sven Lundkvist, Swedish Popular Movement Archive (Folkrörelsearkivet), 1881–1950; Swedish Social Science Data Service (Svensk Samhällsvetenskaplig Datatjänst), http://snd.gu.se (accessed Feb. 29, 2012).
18. John Bergvall, Restriktionssystemet: Hur det kommit till, hur det arbetar, vad det uträttat (Norrtelje: Nortelje Tidnings Boktryckeri AB, 1929), 9; Nykterhetskommittén, Betänkande VI, 1, 41–42; Olov Kinberg, “Temperance Legislation in Sweden,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 163 (1932); Per Frånberg, “Den svenska supen,” in Den svenska supen, ed. Kettil Bruun and Per Frånberg (Stockholm: Prisma, 1985), 34.
19. L. Pankrat’ev, “Vinnyi aktsiz,” in Sovremennik: Zhurnal literaturnyi i politicheskii (s 1859 goda), ed. Ivan Panaev and Nikolai Nekrasov (St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Karla Vul’fa, 1859), 106.
20. Mark Lawrence Schrad, The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 151–55.
21. Boris Yeltsin, “Enough of Our Drinking Vodka Made Who Knows Where,” Current Digest of the Russian Press 49, no. 37 (1997): 11–12; Paul Klebnikov, “Who Will Be the Next Ruler of Russia?” Forbes.com, Nov. 16, 1998, http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/1116/6211152a.html (accessed Nov. 5, 2010).
22. Interfax News Agency, “State Monopoly Necessary to Tackle Alcoholism in Russia—Public Health Chief,” Johnson’s Russia List (JRL) No. 2009–171, Sept. 14, 2009, http://www.russialist.org/2009-171-19.php (accessed Aug. 8, 2013).
23. Margarita Bogdanova, “Russian Presidential Campaign Nears Final Stage,” Press TV, Feb. 26, 2012, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/228813.html (accessed Feb. 27, 2012). Also see Gleb Bryanski, “Russian Communists Flirt with Medvedev,” Reuters, Nov. 7, 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/07/us-russia-communists-medvedev-idUSTRE5A60VO20091107 (accessed Feb. 27, 2012); Mark Lawrence Schrad, “Kicking the Vodka Habit,” Moscow Times, Nov. 3, 2006.
24. Schrad, “Kicking the Vodka Habit.”
25. Sturla Nordlund, “Alkogol’naya politika skandinavskikh stran: Nauchnye osnovaniya, empiricheskie issledovaniya i perspektivy,” 297; Esa Osterberg, “Kakie mekhanizmy bor’by s alkogolem yavlyayutsya effektivnymi i ekonomicheski tselesoobraznymi,” 271; and Øyvind Horverak, “Chto nuzhno dlya uspekha alkogol’noi politiki: Opyt Norvegii,” all in Alkogol’naya katastrofa i vozmozhnosti gosudarstvennoi politiki v preodolenii alkogol’noi sverkosmertnosti v Rossii, ed. Dar’ya A. Khalturina and Andrei V. Korotaev (Moscow: Lenand, 2010); Ol’ga Kostenko and Syuzanna Gadzhieva, “Kak ne propit’ Rossiyu,” Argumenty i fakty, May 10, 2012, http://www.aif.ru/society/article/51901 (accessed May 12, 2012).
26. Artyom Gil et al., “Alcohol Policy in a Russian Region: A Stakeholder Analysis,” European Journal of Public Health (2010): 6.
27. Ivan R. Mintslov, “Monopoliya torgovli spirtnymi napitkami v nekotorykh inostrannykh gosudarstvakh i v Rossii,” Trudy Kommissii po Voprosu ob Alkogolizm: Zhurnaly zasedanii i doklady 1 (1898): 73; Vladislav D. Shidlovskii, “Obzor deyatel’nosti, napravlennoi na bor’bu s p’yanstvom v Severnoi Amerike i Zapadnoi Evrope,” Trudy Kommissii po Voprosu ob Alkogolizm: Zhurnaly zasedanii i doklady 3 (1899): 86; Irina R. Takala, Veselie Rusi: Istoriia alkogol’noi problemy v Rossii (St. Petersburg: Zhurnal Neva, 2002), 146–53. On Russian impressions of the Gothenburg system more generally, see I. A. Krasnov, “Luchshe men’she ne luchshe. ‘Gottenburgskaya sistema’ i polemika o piteinoi kul’ture v Rossii na rubezhe XIX-XX veka,” in: Alkogol’ v Rossii: Materialy pervoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Ivanovo, 29–30 oktyabrya 2010), ed. Mikhail V. Teplyanskii (Ivanovo: Filial RGGU v g. Ivanovo, 2010), 22–26.
28. Mikhail Fridman, Vinnaya monopoliya, tom 1: Vinnaya monopoliya v inostrannykh gosudarstvakh (St. Petersburg: Pravda, 1914), 548. See also John F. Hutchinson, “Science, Politics and the Alcohol Problem in Post-1905 Russia,” Slavonic and East European Review 58, no. 2 (1980): 241–42. On Russian interest in the Gothenburg System see also f. 586 (Plevhe, Vyacheslav K.), op. 1, d. 275 (Stat’ya iz gazety “Morning Post” o prodazhe spirtnykh napitkov v Anglii), l.1, Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiskoi Federatsii (GARF) (State archive of the Russian Federation), Moscow; Alexis Raffalovich, “The State Monopoly of Spirits in Russia, and Its Influence on the Prosperity of the Population,” Journal of the Royal Statistics Society 64, no. 1 (1901): 24–28; Dmitrii N. Borodin, “Vinnaya monopoliya,” Trudy Kommissii po Voprosu ob Alkogolizm: Zhurnaly zasedanii i doklady 3 (1899); L. K. Dymsha, “Kazennaya vinnaya monopoliya i eya znachenie dlya bor’by s p’yanstvom,” Trudy Kommissii po Voprosu ob Alkogolizm: zhurnaly zasedanii i doklady 4 (1900).
29. VTsIOM, “What Russians Are Afraid Of: Press Release No. 1299,” Russian Public Opinion Research Center 1299 (2010), and “August Problem Background: Press Release No. 1383,” Russian Public Opinion Research Center 1383 (2011), http://wciom.com/index.php?id=61&uid=411 (accessed Feb. 2, 2012). Anna Bailey, “Russian Public Opinion on Alcohol: What the Opinion Polls Tell Us, and What They Don’t,” in: Alkogol’ v Rossii: Materialy tret’ei mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Ivanovo, 26–27 oktyabrya 2012), ed. Mikhail V. Teplyanskii (Ivanovo: Filial RGGU v g. I
vanovo, 2012), 121. See also note 3 of the preface.
30. Irina Filatova, “‘Millionaire’ Doctors Part of Solution to Demographic Problem,” Moscow Times, Jan. 27, 2013, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/millionaire-doctors-part-of-solution-to-demographic-problem/474606.html (accessed Jan. 28, 2013).