The Black Bruins: The Remarkable Lives of UCLA's Jackie Robinson, Woody Strode, Tom Bradley, Kenny Washington, and Ray Bartlett
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For one game Pasadena traveled to Taft: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 40.
Jackie had a superb season: Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1939.
Robinson had a sensational game: New York Daily News, April 13, 1997.
Hank Ives, who was called the nation’s leading expert: New York Daily News, April 13, 1997.
“Jackie was really pigeon-toed”: New York Daily News, April 13, 1997,
For the season Robinson scored: G. D. Johnson, Profiles in Hue, 277.
Despite Jackie’s acceptance: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 61.
When Robinson graduated: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, Baseball Has Done It, 45–46.
A Stanford alumnus purportedly offered: Ebony, July 1957; cited in Falkner, Great Time Coming, 49.
USC showed some interest: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 58.
Woody Strode said USC used its money: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 26, 28.
Finally Jackie decided: http://www.pasadena.edu/about/history/alumni/bartlett/bartlett1.cfm, accessed August 24, 2013.
Bartlett joined Robinson: Los Angeles Times, November 21, 1991.
Robinson liked UCLA: Jackie Robinson with Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 10.
“I didn’t want to see”: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 59.
Jackie liked the opportunity: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 58–59.
But first he had to make up classes: Los Angeles Times, February 2, 1939.
Bill Spaulding, now athletic director: Mann, The Jackie Robinson Story, 52.
In those days: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 77.
Bartlett stayed at PJC: Los Angeles Times, June 30, 1967.
8. Fitting in at UCLA
“The new setting”: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 27.
He recalled: Los Angeles Times, April 24, 1998.
He also worked summer jobs: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 38.
One of his best summer jobs: tombradleylegacy.oprg/personal-biography.html, accessed July 20, 2012.
Bradley wasn’t the only athlete: http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/333896%7c0/woody-strode-8–5.html, accessed December 6, 2015.
“I didn’t take any persuasion”: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 31.
He was recruited: LuValle, “Dr. James E. LuValle,” 32.
After talking with track coaches: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 25–26.
Bradley said years later: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 31.
Bradley’s long sought-after goal: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 27.
Carl McBain, a white hurdler: Los Angeles Times, September 9, 2007.
Bradley commuted: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 27.
“I don’t know of any blacks”: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 38.
While minorities were accepted: Morehouse, Fighting in the Jim Crow Army, 30.
He became a firefighter: Los Angeles Times, November 14, 2010.
Bradley was convinced: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 36–37.
Bradley and Washington were close: Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1973.
Track was the perfect sport: Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1973.
Bradley joined Kappa Alpha Psi: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 28.
Bradley also became a member: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 38.
Bradley and other black members: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 36.
On one trip to Arizona: Payne and Ratzan, Tom Bradley, 29.
Bradley recalled that his teammates: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 36.
When Bradley later became the mayor: Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1973.
Bradley ran track: Los Angeles Times, April 23, 1939.
9. Under-the-Table Help
“When they took me out to Westwood”: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 33.
Strode revealed: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 32.
Strode wrote: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 32.
Strode noted that actor Joe E. Brown: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 33.
Bradley received an athletic scholarship: Bradley, “The Impossible Dream,” 31.
Alumni and boosters did most of the recruiting: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 72, and Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 211–12.
Bob Campbell remembered Robinson: Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 68.
Washington and Strode also worked for the Campbells: Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 67.
The help still was forthcoming: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 71.
Bartlett believed: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 72.
Providing jobs for athletes: Kemper, College Football and American Culture in the Cold War Era, 44.
Because of such inducements: Los Angeles Times, March 27, 1991.
The PCC’s Northwest members: J. W. Johnson, The Wow Boys, 85–89.
On January 5, 1940: Associated Press in the New York Times, January 5, 1940.
Atherton singled out UC Berkeley: United Press in the Los Angeles Times, September 3, 1940.
Atherton felt it was unfortunate: Los Angeles Times, September 27, 1940.
Campbell recalled: Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 67–69.
As a result of the investigation: Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 67–69.
Campbell said all UCLA players stayed in school: Campbell and Campbell, “Town and Gown Booksellers Oral History,” 68.
10. Filling the Coffers
“They came to see Kenny and me play”: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 62.
Woody Strode remembered: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 62.
In 1933, partly because of the expenses: Ackerman, My Fifty Year Love-in at UCLA, 282–83.
UCLA fans received a scare: Los Angeles Times, January 21, 1938.
In the first game of the 1938 season: Los Angeles Times, September 24, 1938.
The Bruins traveled to Eugene: Los Angeles Times, October 3, 1938.
Los Angeles Times reporter Dyer wrote: Los Angeles Times, October 13, 1938.
Next the Bruins traveled north: Los Angeles Times, October 16, 1938.
In their next game: Los Angeles Times, October 23, 1938.
The Bruins beat Stanford: Los Angeles Times, October 30, 1938.
UCLA traveled to Pullman: Los Angeles Times, November 6, 1938.
UCLA went out of its conference: Los Angeles Times, November 13, 1938.
The two games in Hawaii: Honolulu Advertiser, May 23, 2010.
Spaulding took twenty-five of his favorite players: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 78.
While attending a luau: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 78–79.
The Wai brothers: Honolulu Advertiser, May 23, 2010.
11. High Expectations
“Take away the Negro stars”: Pasadena Star-News, November 6, 1939; cited in Demas, Integrating the Gridiron, 39.
While he was being hailed: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 62–63.
Robinson may have been limiting: http://cooperstownersincanada.com/2013/04/04/jackie-robinson-couldve-been-a-football-star/, accessed January 31, 2015.
When Robinson enrolled at UCLA: Falkner, Great Time Coming, 51.
Robinson concentrated on his studies: California Eagle, March 9, 1939; cited in Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 63.
During the summer he found time: California Eagle, July 6, 1939; cited in Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 63.
Brother Frank Robinson never got the chance: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 64.
Robinson kept busy: Los Angeles Times, February 12, 1990.
Ray Bartlett recalled: Falkner, Great Time Coming, 29.
Robinson found himself in trouble: Washington Post, August 22, 1948.
UCLA wasn’t about to let that happen: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 65–66.
Newspapers used sports jargon: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 47–48.
The event hung heavily: Washington Po
st, August 22, 1949.
The Chicago Defender printed: Chicago Defender, September 9, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 115.
The California Eagle noted: California Eagle, September 7, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 115.
The Eagle wrote: California Eagle, September 28, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 115–116.
A great deal of the excitement: Los Angeles Times, August 27, 1939.
Robinson “was the first”: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 84.
Coaches were singing: Los Angeles Times, September 20, 1939.
When Robinson joined Washington: http://www.loumontgomerylegacy.com/whos-lou/university-defies-racial-segregation, accessed June 25, 2012.
Just before the TCU game: Los Angeles Times, September 28, 1939.
Although the Horned Frogs were expected to win: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 68.
Robinson handed out some praise: California Eagle, October 3, 1939.
TCU’s coach Dutch Meyer : Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1939.
For all the hoopla: http://www.mocavo.com/California-Eagle-Volume-1941-Novolume-27-Dec-1942-Jan-Aug/633279/285, accessed December 12, 2014.
As Charles H. Martin wrote: Martin, Benching Jim Crow, 48.
12. Disappointing End to the Season
“I guess you’ve got to have”: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 52.
Their next opponent: http://sportspressnw.com/2192490/2014/wayback-machine-history-at-husky-stadium, accessed December 4, 2014.
The UCLA Daily Bruin: Daily Bruin, October 9, 1939; cited in Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 68.
A Seattle Times sportswriter: http://sportspressnw.com/2192490/2014/wayback-machine-history-at-husky-stadium, accessed December 4, 2014.
Robinson also caught a 43-yard pass: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 69.
One sportswriter could not resist: http://sportspressnw.com/2192490/2014/wayback-machine-history-at-husky-stadium, accessed December 4, 2014.
Local newspapers were finally acknowledging: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 253.
Los Angeles Times sportswriter Paul Zimmerman: Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1939.
The California Eagle: California Eagle, November 2, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 124–25.
For example, the Defender proudly wrote: California Eagle, October 7, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 122.
Robinson and Washington: Los Angeles Examiner, September 30, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 122.
The Daily Bruin remarked: Daily Bruin, October 9, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 31.
The UCLA Magazine wrote: UCLA Magazine, November 10, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 31.
Next up for the Bruins: Los Angeles Times, November 21, 1991.
Said teammate Ned Mathews: http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/970425teammatesRecall, accessed November 21, 2015.
Before the game: Smith, Showdown, 27.
Stanford coach Tiny Thornhill: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 51.
Robinson bristled: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 69.
Coach Horrell defended: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 49,
One teammate, Buck Gilmore: Los Angeles Times, August 21, 1988.
One juxtaposition of a picture: Los Angeles Times, November 16, 1948.
Bob Hunter of the Los Angeles Examiner: Cited in Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 65.
Tom Bradley did: California Eagle, November 9, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 102.
Black players also were called: Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1939.
On at least two occasions: Los Angeles Times, December 1, 1939.
A black newspaper: Pittsburgh Courier, September 9, 1939; cited in Smith, Showdown, 37.
Braven Dyer: Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1937; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 103–4.
The highlight of the game: Daily Bruin, April 24, 1997.
Then Robinson was injured: Daily Bruin, November 2, 1939.
Questions arose: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 70–71.
The Los Angeles Examiner reported: Los Angeles Examiner, November 2, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 126.
While there were racial overtones: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 86–87.
Because of Robinson’s arrests: Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 66.
Bill Ackerman, UCLA’s athletic director: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 88–89.
One rumor making the rounds: Rowan with Robinson, Wait Till Next Year, 48.
Robinson may have been upset: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 89.
The Chicago Defender estimated: Chicago Defender, November 11, 1939.
Without Robinson Santa Clara ganged up on Washington: Los Angeles Times, November 21, 1939.
Washington played the entire game: Los Angeles Times, November 19, 1939.
Robinson was back in the lineup: Los Angeles Times, November 26, 1939.
Robinson was back to full strength: Daily Bruin, December 1, 1939.
On a final TD drive: California Eagle, December 7, 1939.
To celebrate homecoming: California Eagle, November 30, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 131, 134.
USC students burned the effigies: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 97.
Alongside that controversy: California Eagle, December 7, 1939.
If the Bruins beat USC: Pasadena Star-News, November 6, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 94.
The New York Times’s esteemed sportswriter: New York Times, December 12, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 94.
There was no chance: Pasadena Star-News, November 11, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 94.
Danzig asked Tennessee coach Bob “Major” Neyland: New York Times, December 9, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 94.
Later Danzig, Neyland, and Tennessee supporters: Knoxville News-Sentinel, December 6, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 100.
The California Eagle saw: California Eagle, November 9, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 96.
The Pasadena Star-News wrote: Pasadena Star-News, November 6, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 143.
A Los Angeles Times columnist speculated: Los Angeles Times, November 28, 1939; citied in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 143.
The 1939 USC-UCLA game: Wiki, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_Bell_(UCLA-USC), accessed January 11, 2016.
A record crowd of 103,303: Chicago Defender, December 12, 1939.
Sam Lacy, the sports editor: Afro-American, November 18, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 86.
If it hadn’t been for Robinson: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 101.
Coach Horrell said after the game: Chicago Defender, November 23, 1939.
Horrell pulled Washington: Strode and Young, Goal Dust, 104.
“I have never been so moved emotionally: Journal of Sport History 15, no. 3 (Winter 1988); cited in Smith, Outside the Pale: The Exclusion of Blacks from the National Football League, 1934–1946.
After the game Horrell was asked: http://www.jewsinsports.org/profile.asp?sport=football&ID=353, accessed November 16, 2015.
The Amsterdam News of New York: California Eagle, November 21, 1939; cited in Kaliss, Everyone’s All-Americans, 153–54.
The next day, when Tennessee was selected: Amsterdam News, November 16, 1939; cited in Demas, “On the Threshold,” 101.
Toastmaster Paul R. Williams: California Eagle, November 16, 1939.
Coach Horrell attended the banquet: California Eagle, November 16, 1939
Washington and Robinson were slighted: biography.jrank.org/pages/2533/Washington-Kenny.html, accessed August 22, 2014.
Looking back over the season: Demas, “On the Threshold,” 92.