Sex on Six Legs

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by Marlene Zuk


  Drosophila grimshawi, [>]

  Drosophila melanogaster, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Drosophila mojavensis, [>]

  Drosophila pseudoobscura, [>]–[>]

  Drosophila sechellia, [>]

  Drosophila species overview, [>]–[>]

  evolution and, [>]

  genome sequencing, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  in Hawaii, [>]

  immune system, [>]

  intelligence experiments, [>]–[>], [>]

  locations for egg-laying, [>]

  mating description, [>], [>]

  pheromones/pheromone detection, [>], [>], [>]

  rover-sitter gene dichotomy, [>]–[>], [>]

  same-sex behavior/research, [>]–[>]

  serotonin and, [>]

  sperm competition, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  sperm morphology/competition, [>]–[>], [>]

  sperm types, [>]–[>]

  trade-offs with learning, [>], [>]

  Gallai, Nicola, [>]

  Gal, Ram, [>]–[>]

  Garcia-González, Paco, [>]–[>]

  GenBank, [>]

  gender determination. See sex determination

  genes

  complexity of regulation, [>]–[>]

  components of, [>]

  proteins and, [>], [>], [>]

  as "recyclers," [>]–[>]

  redundancy of material, [>]

  regulation, [>], [>]

  gene therapy, [>]

  genome

  definition, [>]

  See also DNA

  genome sequence defined, [>]

  genome sequencing

  animal examples, [>]

  definition/description, [>]

  determining priorities, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  evolutionary distance and, [>]

  GenBank, [>]

  genome size and, [>], [>]–[>]

  Human Genome Project, [>]

  laboratory mice and, [>]

  zebra fish, [>]–[>]

  genome sequencing insects

  determining priorities, [>]–[>]

  disease prevention and, [>], [>]–[>]

  evolutionary history and, [>], [>], [>]

  flour beetles, [>]–[>]

  fruit flies, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  genetics of sexual differences and, [>]

  honeybees, [>]–[>], [>]

  importance of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  mosquitoes, [>]–[>], [>]

  odor detection genes, [>]

  pest control and, [>], [>]–[>]

  proteins and, [>]

  silk and, [>]

  transcriptional rewiring and, [>]

  genome size

  about, [>]–[>]

  body size and, [>]

  complexity of organism and, [>], [>]

  genome sequencing and, [>], [>]–[>]

  variation in, [>]–[>]

  genome size of insects

  genome sequencing and, [>]–[>]

  social behavior and, [>]–[>]

  species development and, [>]

  sperm length and, [>]

  variation in, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Gillespie, Rosemary, [>], [>]

  glutamate, [>]–[>]

  Godfray, H. Charles J., [>], [>]

  Goodall, Jane, [>], [>]

  gorillas, [>]

  Gorman, James, [>]

  Gosling, Sam, [>], [>]–[>]

  Gould, James L., [>]

  grasshoppers

  genome size, [>], [>]

  mountain grasshoppers, [>]

  Green Porno (films), [>], [>]

  Gregory, Ryan, [>], [>]

  Griffin, Donald, [>]–[>]

  Gronenberg, Wulfia, [>]–[>]

  guanine (G), [>]

  Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn, [>], [>]–[>]

  Haight, Kevin, [>]

  Hamilton, W. D., [>]

  hangingflies, [>]

  Hare, Hope, [>]–[>]

  Hauser, Mark, [>]–[>]

  hedgehogs, European, [>]

  Hedrick, Ann, [>]

  Heinze, J., [>]

  Henry V (Shakespeare), [>]

  Herbers, Joan, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  "hive mind," [>]

  Hölldobler, Bert, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Holman, Luke, [>]–[>]

  homosexual behavior. See same-sex behavior in insects; same-sex behavior in non-human animals

  honeybees

  altruism, [>], [>], [>]

  ancient Arab cultures on, [>], [>]

  ancient/early gender misconceptions on, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  ancient Greeks on, [>]–[>]

  CO[>] and reproduction, [>]

  counting and, [>]–[>]

  decline of colonies, [>], [>]

  defending colonies, [>]

  discrimination among photographs, [>]

  discrimination in decision making, [>]

  division of labor derivation, [>]–[>]

  drone swarms, [>]

  genome sequencing and, [>]–[>], [>]

  human faces recognition, [>]–[>]

  mating, [>], [>]–[>]

  navigation, [>], [>]

  queens, [>], [>], [>]

  royal jelly, [>], [>], [>]

  sociogenomics studies on, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  workers, [>], [>]

  See also social insects

  honeybees dance communication

  advantages of, [>]–[>]

  Asian honeybees, [>]

  auditory information with, [>]

  comparison with red dwarf bees, [>]–[>]

  evolution of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  finding new home site, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  food source distance/direction and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Frisch's work on, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  hiding food information from competitors, [>], [>]

  odor cues with, [>], [>]

  research confirming, [>]–[>]

  skepticism on, [>]–[>]

  symbolic language/thinking and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  waggle dance description, [>]

  waggle dance dialect differences, [>]

  waggle dance on YouTube, [>]–[>]

  honeybees genome project

  disease defense and, [>]

  results, [>]–[>], [>]

  "sociality genes," [>]

  honeybees house hunting

  beekeepers and, [>], [>]

  "buzz-run," [>]

  consensus decisions vs. combined decisions, [>]–[>]

  decision making, [>], [>]–[>]

  experiment on island, [>]–[>]

  group decision and, [>]–[>]

  moving in unison, [>]–[>]

  "piping" cry, [>]

  queen and, [>], [>]

  reasons for, [>], [>]–[>]

  scouts' communication and, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  site traits, [>]

  swarm description, [>]

  swarming, [>]–[>], [>]

  Zuk's garage and, [>]–[>]

  Horse Personality Questionnaire, [>]

  Huber, Pierre, [>]

  Human Genome Project, [>]

  humans

  childbirth, [>], [>]

  childcare needs explanations, [>]–[>]

  genome size, [>]

  language "uniqueness" and, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  sex ratio, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  sperm cells, [>]–[>]

  sperm types and, [>]

  "uniqueness" and, [>], [>]–[>]

  hunting concept, [>]–[>]

  individuality

  backbone and, [>]

  humans and, [>], [>]

  insect stereotype, [>]–[>]

  See also personality

  individual recognition in insects

  ants, [>]–[>]

  brains and, [>]–[>]

  complex social behavior and, [>]–[>]

  overview, [>]–[>]

  paper wasps, [>]–[>]


  infanticide with cannibalism, [>]–[>]

  "inheritance of acquired characteristics," [>]–[>]

  insects

  automaton stereotype (overview), [>]–[>], [>]

  conservation and, [>]

  diversity of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  dung removal by, [>], [>], [>]

  ecological services of (overview), [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  economic value estimation, [>]

  equal-opportunity entomology, [>]–[>]

  human views of (overview), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  importance of studying (overview), [>]–[>]

  lack of expression, [>]–[>]

  life span diversity, [>]–[>]

  mirroring human behavior, [>]–[>]

  numbers of, [>], [>]

  pest control by, [>]

  pollination, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  population control by, [>]

  recreational services of, [>]

  sex ratio, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  soil improvement by, [>]–[>]

  "Insect Warfare" (band), [>]

  insulin, [>]

  intelligence

  backbone and, [>]

  counting and, [>]–[>]

  prerequisites for, [>]

  teaching and, [>]–[>]

  trade-offs with, [>]–[>]

  variations in, [>]–[>]

  intelligence of insects

  altruism, [>]

  candidates for, [>]

  chemical alterations/mutations experiments, [>]–[>]

  counting, [>]–[>]

  crickets refinding sites, [>]–[>]

  devising experiments, [>]

  discrimination among photographs, [>]

  discrimination in decision making, [>]

  fruit fly experiments, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  human faces recognition, [>]–[>], [>]

  naturalists belittling, [>]–[>], [>]

  nutritional content experiments, [>]–[>]

  object manipulation and, [>]–[>]

  parasitic wasps and, [>]

  provisioning wasps and, [>]–[>]

  sociability and, [>]

  teaching and, [>]–[>]

  intelligence of insects/human implications

  artificial intelligence, [>]–[>]

  brain damage and, [>]

  computer improvement, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  computerized facial recognition, [>]

  gene therapy and, [>]

  humans with limited abilities, [>]

  learning difficulties and, [>]

  prosopagnosia research, [>]

  robotics, [>], [>]

  Jacob, François, [>]

  Jenner, Ronald, [>]

  Johnson, Christine, [>]

  Johnson, J. Chadwick, [>]

  Jung, Carl, [>]

  katydids, [>]–[>]

  Kawecki, Tad

  exterminator incident, [>]

  fruit fly experiments, [>]–[>], [>]

  Keller, Evelyn Fox, [>]–[>]

  Kimura, Ken-Ichi, [>]–[>]

  Klug, Hope, [>]

  Kölliker, Mathias, [>]–[>]

  Kolozsvary, G., [>]

  Kortet, Raine, [>]

  ladybugs (ladybird beetles), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, [>]–[>]

  language

  human "uniqueness" and, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  See also honeybees dance communication

  Language Origins (Wray), [>]

  Leadbeater, Ellouise, [>]

  learning

  instinct and, [>]–[>]

  See also intelligence; teaching

  Ledford, Heidi, [>]

  LeVay, Simon, [>]

  Lew, Jie Bin, [>]

  Libersat, Frederic, [>]–[>]

  Liebig, Jurgen, [>]–[>]

  Life of the Bee, The (Maeterlinck), [>]

  Lindauer, Martin, [>]

  lions, [>]

  locusts, [>]–[>]

  Lorenz, Konrad, [>]

  Los Angeles Times, [>]

  Losey, John, [>]–[>]

  Maeterlinck, Maurice

  on ants, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  on bees, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Majerus, Mike, [>]

  malaria, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Manica, Andrea, [>]

  mantises

  Marquis, Don, [>]–[>]

  Masai of Africa, [>]

  mating behavior in insects

  burying beetles, [>], [>]

  chrysanthemum longicorn beetles (Phytoecia rufiventris), [>]–[>]

  damselflies/dragonflies sets of genitalia, [>]

  female multiple matings, [>]–[>]

  fruit flies, [>], [>]

  giant water bugs, [>]

  honeybees, [>], [>]–[>]

  nuptial gifts vs. forced matings, [>]–[>]

  oviposition, [>]

  seminal receptacle size and, [>]–[>]

  spermatophores, [>]–[>]

  sperm morphology, [>]–[>]

  sperm size, [>]–[>]

  sperm types, [>]–[>]

  traumatic insemination, [>]–[>]

  See also cryptic female choice; same-sex behavior in insects; sperm competition in insects

  McClintock, Barbara, [>]–[>]

  McRobert, Scott, [>]

  meerkats, [>]

  Merian, Maria Sibylla, [>]

  Mery, Frederic, [>]

  mice genome sequencing, [>]

  midges life span, [>]–[>]

  Miller, Gary, [>]–[>]

  mosquitoes

  Aedes aegypti, [>]–[>]

 

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