Sex on Six Legs

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by Marlene Zuk


  Anophelesgambiae, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  disease and, [>]–[>]

  genome sequencing, [>]–[>], [>]

  moths

  mating, [>], [>]

  odor and, [>]

  Munz, Tania, [>]

  myrmecology, [>], [>]

  National Geographic, [>]

  nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans, [>]

  New York Times, [>], [>]

  Nieh, James, [>]–[>]

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Nowbahari, Elise, [>]

  Origin of Species, The (Darwin), [>], [>], [>]

  Papaj, Dan, [>]

  parasitism

  mate calling in crickets and, [>]–[>]

  slave-making ants analogy to, [>]–[>]

  social vs. internal parasitism, [>]

  See also brood parasitism

  parasperm, [>]–[>]

  parenting

  confidence of paternity, [>]–[>]

  examples, [>]–[>]

  human children's care, [>]–[>]

  infanticide, [>]

  infanticide with cannibalism, [>]

  male/female parental investment, [>]–[>]

  mammals' milk and, [>], [>]

  parent-offspring conflict, [>]–[>]

  self-sacrificing spider example, [>]–[>]

  See also evolution of parenting/family

  parenting in insects

  biparental care example, [>]–[>]

  burying beetles use of carcasses, [>]–[>]

  burying beetles use of snake eggs, [>]–[>]

  costs/benefits of brood numbers, [>]–[>]

  earwigs, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  egg dumping, [>]–[>]

  environmental conditions and, [>], [>]

  infanticide with cannibalism, [>]–[>]

  intelligence and, [>]

  peripheral eggs and, [>]–[>]

  preconditions/preadaptations, [>]–[>]

  predation and, [>], [>]

  siblicide and, [>]–[>]

  sibling cooperation, [>]–[>]

  single father example, [>]–[>]

  treehoppers, [>], [>]

  trophic eggs, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  See also social insects

  Parker, Geoff

  sperm competition, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  sperm morphology, [>]

  Passino, Kevin, [>]–[>]

  Pepperberg, Irene, [>]

  Peretti, Alfredo, [>]

  personality

  defining/describing, [>]–[>]

  descriptors in humans, [>]

  evolution and, [>]–[>]

  genetics/environment and, [>]–[>]

  hormones of mammals, [>]

  independent repeating evolution, [>]

  maintaining variability of, [>]–[>]

  origins, [>]–[>]

  temperament and, [>]

  personality in insects

  ants, [>]

  backbone and, [>]

  crickets, [>]–[>]

  facial immobility and, [>]

  humanlike emotions and, [>]–[>], [>]

  individual identity/recognition, [>]–[>]

  origins, [>], [>]–[>]

  scientists beliefs (overview), [>]–[>], [>]

  tent caterpillars, [>]–[>]

  water striders, [>]

  personality in non-human animals

  anthropomorphism and, [>], [>], [>]

  behavioral syndrome, [>]

  bold-shy continuum, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  consciousness and, [>]–[>]

  consequences, [>], [>]

  Darwin on, [>]–[>]

  domestic breeds and, [>]

  fishing spiders, [>]

  Horse Personality Questionnaire, [>]

  implications for scientific research, [>]

  research on, [>]–[>]

  suites of traits, [>]

  sunfish, [>], [>], [>]

  See also personality in insects

  pheromones, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  "physics envy," [>]

  Pieridae, [>]

  Pitnick, Scott, [>]–[>]

  Planqué, Robert, [>]

  pollination and insects, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Pope, Alexander, [>]

  Preston-Mafham, Ken, [>]

  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, [>]

  prosopagnosia (face blindness), [>]

  Psychological Experiments with Ants (Kolozsvary), [>]

  Pulteney, William, [>]

  Ratnieks, Francis, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  rats

  infanticide with cannibalism, [>]

  naked mole rats, [>]

  red viscacha rats, [>]

  Remnant, Richard, [>]

  Richardson, Thomas, [>]

  Rittschof, Clare, [>]–[>]

  Robinson, Gene

  background, [>]

  honeybees, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  paper wasps, [>], [>]

  Rossellini, Isabella, [>]

  rover-sitter gene dichotomy, [>]–[>], [>]

  royal jelly, [>], [>], [>]

  Russell, Bertrand, [>]

  same-sex behavior in insects

  advantages, [>]–[>]

  African bat bugs, [>]–[>]

  basis of, [>]

  "curing" human homosexuality and, [>], [>]–[>]

  damselflies, [>]–[>], [>]

  "declining moral standards" and, [>]–[>]

  dopamine and, [>]

  dragonflies, [>]

  examples, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  fruit flies, [>]–[>]

  nerve cells and, [>]–[>]

  switching behavior, [>], [>]–[>]

  synapses and glutamate, [>]–[>]

  same-sex behavior in non-human animals

  debates and, [>]–[>]

  examples, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  gay marriage and, [>]

  public interest in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  scientists "moral" responses, [>]–[>]

  spiders, [>]

  See also same-sex behavior in insects

  Satyridae, [>]

  Schneirla, Theodore, [>], [>]

  Schultz, Kevin, [>]

  Science (journal), [>]

  scorpionflies, [>], [>]

  Seeley, Tom, [>]–[>]

  Seinfeld, Jerry, [>], [>]

  selfish DNA (transposable elements), [>]–[>]

  serotonin, [>]

  sex chromosomes, [>], [>]–[>]

  sex determination

  social insects, [>]–[>]

  temperature and, [>]

  sex ratio

  about, [>]–[>]

  condition of mother/offspring and, [>]–[>]

  determination, [>]–[>]

  energy investment and, [>]–[>]

  equal sex ratios, [>]–[>]

  frequency-dependent selection, [>]–[>]

  gene perpetuation and, [>], [>]–[>]

  humans, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  insects, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  parasitic wasps and, [>]–[>], [>]

  queen vs. worker control, [>]–[>]

  sex chromosomes and, [>]–[>]

  social insects, [>]–[>]

  unequal sex ratios, [>], [>]–[>]

  Sex Wars (Majerus), [>]

  Shakespeare, [>]

  sheep, bighorn, [>]

  Sherman, Gavin, [>]

  siblicide, [>]–[>]

  Siebert, Charles, [>]

  Sih, Andy, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  silkworm genes, [>]

  silverfish

  genome size, [>]

  mating strategy, [>]

  as pest, [>]

  Simmons, Leigh

  dung flies/beetles, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  experimental evolution, [>]–[>]

  Six Chix cartoon, [>]

  Sleigh, Charlotte, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Smith, Adrian, [>], [>]–[>]

  Snook, Rhonda, [
>]–[>]

  social insects

  altruism, [>], [>], [>]

  ancient/early gender misconceptions on, [>]–[>]

  detecting reproductive cheaters, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  division of labor, [>]–[>]

  genetic payoff, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  movie inaccuracies about, [>]–[>]

  origin of social behavior, [>]–[>]

  other insects with social behavior, [>]–[>]

  parenting and, [>], [>]

  "piping" queens, [>]

  queen determination, [>]–[>], [>]

  queen's role, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  role determination, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  sex determination, [>]–[>]

  sex ratio, [>]–[>]

  sisters genetic closeness/effects, [>]–[>], [>]

  worker policing, [>]–[>]

  workers, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  workers and egg production, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  See also specific insects

  Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, [>]

  Society for the Study of Evolution meeting, Hawaii, [>]

  Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Wilson), [>]

  sociogenomics, [>]

  Sokolowski, Marla, [>], [>]

  Solomon, [>], [>]

  Soul Made Flesh (Zimmer), [>]

  "Soup in My Fly, The" (Chapman), [>]

  sperm

  morphology, [>]–[>]

  size, [>], [>]–[>]

  spermatophores, [>]–[>]

  spermatophylax, [>]

  Sperm Competition and Its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects (Simmons), [>]–[>]

  sperm competition in insects

  chemicals (seminal products), [>]–[>]

  description, [>]

  ejaculate size, [>]

  eusperm/parasperm and, [>]–[>]

  male genitalia structures and, [>], [>]

  overview, [>]–[>]

  sperm morphology, [>]–[>], [>]

  sperm viability, [>]

  testes size and, [>], [>]–[>]

  spiders

  fishing spiders, [>]

  mating behavior, [>]–[>]

  parenting example, [>]–[>]

  same-sex behavior, [>]

  short-bodied cellar spiders, [>]

  Srinivasan, Mandyam, [>]–[>], [>]

  Stamps, Judy, [>]

  Star Trek, [>]

  "stigmergy," [>]

  "streaker bees," [>]

  Stuart, R.J., [>]

  "Surf City," [>], [>]

  Su, Songkun, [>]

  Swammerdam, Jan, [>]–[>]

  Sword in the Stone, The (White) and ants, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  synapse strength, [>]

  Tallamy, Doug, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  tandem running, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  teaching

  defining, [>]

  feedback and, [>]

  in non-human animals, [>]–[>]

  Tennessee Williams paradigm, [>], [>]

  termites

  queens, [>]

  See also social insects

  Thomas, Lisa, [>]

  Thompson, Graham, [>]

  Thornhill, Randy, [>]

  thymine (T), [>]

  Tibbetts, Liz, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Tinbergen, Niko, [>]

  To Know a Fly (Dethier), [>]

  Tompkins, Laurie, [>]

  tool use, [>], [>]

  Toth, Amy, [>], [>], [>]

  transposable elements (selfish DNA), [>]–[>]

  Travis the pet chimp, [>]–[>]

  treehoppers, [>], [>]

  Trivers, Bob

  parent-offspring conflict, [>], [>]

  sex ratios, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  trophic eggs, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  turtles, [>]

  Van Gossum, Hans, [>], [>], [>]

  Vaughn, Mace, [>]–[>]

  Visscher, Kirk

  as honeybee expert, [>], [>]

  honeybee site selection, [>]–[>]

  waggle dance importance, [>]–[>]

  worker policing in honeybees, [>], [>]

  von Frisch, Karl, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  waggle dance. See honeybees dance communication

  Wang, Qiao, [>]–[>]

  Washoe the chimp, [>]

  wasps

  Cunningham's "jokes" on, [>]–[>]

  fig wasps, [>]

  sphecid wasps, [>]

  wasps, paper wasps

  evolution and, [>]

  individual recognition, [>]–[>]

  individual types/roles, [>]–[>]

  life history, [>]–[>]

  mushroom body in brain, [>]

  Polistes fuscatus, [>]–[>]

  social behavior basis, [>]–[>], [>]

  social ranking, [>], [>], [>]

  wasps, parasitic wasps

  caterpillar defending developing wasps and, [>]

  checkerspot butterfly eggs and, [>]

  exploiting provisioning wasps, [>]

  inbreeding, [>]

  jewel wasps, [>]–[>], [>]

  life history, [>]–[>]

  sex ratio, [>]–[>], [>]

  wasps, provisioning wasps

  description, [>], [>]

  insect intelligence, [>]–[>]

  moving landmarks and, [>]–[>]

  moving "nest" and, [>]–[>], [>]

  parasitic wasps exploiting, [>]

  provisioning description, [>]

  water striders, [>]

  Watters, Jason, [>]

  Ways of the Ant (Crompton), [>]–[>]

  Wenner, Adrian, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Wenseleers, Tom, [>], [>], [>]

  Wessnitzer, Jan, [>]–[>]

  Wheeler, William Morton, [>]

  White, T. H., [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Wild, Alex, [>

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