369 For media setup I rely on Shadegg, What Happened, 134; White, Making of the President 1964, 231; Herb Caen, San Francisco Chronicle, July 16, 1964; WP, July 13, 1964, and July 15, 1964: Alan Brinkley, “The Taming of the Political Convention,” in Brinkley, Liberalism and Its Discontents (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), 249-65; J. Leonard Reinsch. Getting Elected: From Radio and Roosevelt to Television and Reagan (New York: Hippocrene, 1988), 107, 289; The GOP Constructs a Platform, CBS News special (for “us television types”); Norman Mailer, “In a Blue Light: A History of the 1964 Republican Convention,” Esquire, November 1964; and author interview with Alan Brinkley.
18. CONVENTIONS
371 The RNC first estimated that 20,000: WP, July 12, 1964.
371 For civil rights march, see Arnold Rampersad, Jackie Robinson: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1997), 86; NYT, July 13, 1964; and CBS News special, MTR, T78:0143.
371 Scranton billboards: Newsweek, July 13, 1964. Nob Hill traffic: WP, July 13, 1964. “We are the Goldwater armeeeee”: Ralph McGill column, Atlanta Constitution, July 11. 1964. Phyllis Schlafly: Carol Felsenthal, Sweetheart of the Silent Majority: The Biography of Phyllis Schlafly (New York: Doubleday, 1981), 163-78. Ronald Reagan: Gore Vidal, United States: Essays, 1952-1992 (New York: Random House, 1993), 980. Buckley: Gregory Schneider, Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right (New York: NYU Press, 1999), 81-82; and WP, July 12, 1964. Eisenhower: CBS News special, MTR, T78:0I43. Scranton and BMG followed by chants: AHFCP, vol. I, picture 14.
372 For “Merry Pranksters,” see Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968). For North Beach and “Eisenhower Sway,” see William J. Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography (New York: Heineman, 1967), 368; and WP, July 12, 1964. Dick Gregory: author interview with Jameson Campaigne Jr.; and Newsweek, July 20, 1964.
372 For Der Spiegel, see WSJ. July 31, 1964; F. Clifton White with William Gill, Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 389; and, for transcript, LBJWHAM, Box 30/Clippings and Document and Departmental Refutations Book, 1 of 3. “Now decided to defoliate”: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 390.
373 For aides’ briefing of BMG before his first press conference, see “Barry and the Bomb,” NYHTEN, July 17, 1964. Press conference in CBS News special, MTR, T78:0143.
373 “Vote our wishes in San Francisco”: Peter Kohler to Goldwater, May 4, 1964, FCW, Box 8. For Rhodes’s courting of Scranton, see Jack Steele column, Washington Daily News, October I, 1963; LAT, February 26, 1964; SLPD, December 11, 1964; and Robert Novak, The Agony of the GOP 1964 (New York: Macmillan, 1965), 288. For backlash theory and release of the Ohio delegation, see “The White Man’s Party,” NYHTEN, July 15, 1964; AR, July 10, 1964; Cleveland Call and Post, July 18, 1964; George D. Wolf, William Warren Scranton: Pennsylvania Statesman (State College: Penn State Press, 1981), 115; and Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1964 (New York: Atheneum, 1965), 236.
373 “The November outcome”: Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-1965 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 340. “The nigger issue”: Ralph McGill column, Atlanta Constitution, July 11, 1964. A Goldwater win: NYT, July 22, 1964. “I would withdraw from the race”: WP, July 13, 1964; and press conference in CBS News special, MTR, T78:0143.
374 List of 110 delegates: WP, July 13, 1964. For Scranton’s strategy, see “The Fight That Failed,” n.d. clip in LBJWHAM, Box 30/Clippings and Document and Departmental Refutations Book, I of 3. For the single Florida delegate, see UPI-65, wire dispatch, AHF, Box W¾. Keating announcement: CBS News special, MTR, T78:0143.
374 “Markets don’t just happen”: clip, ibid. “No one in his right mind”: Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 365. “I voted for you in 1960”: WP, July 13, 1964. ”What in God’s name”: Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 365.
375 “Governor, Governor, could you”: Norman Mailer, “In a Blue Light: A History of the 1964 Republican Convention,” Esquire, November 1964. Hugh Scott negotiations in White, Making of the President 1964, 237; and John Kessel, The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964 (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1968), 111.
375 For Schorr report: Daniel Schorr, Clearing the Air (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997), 7; WSJ, July 31, 1964; clip is in A&E Television Network, Barry Goldwater: The Conscience of Conservatives (1996, cat. no. AAE-14345).
375 BMG feud with CBS is in Barry Goldwater, The Conscience of a Majority (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970), 173-81. “You can say what you want”: Herb Caen, SFC, July 16, 1964.
376 “I’ve avoided discussing”: AHFCP, vol. 1, pictures 14-19. For Texas’s natural committeewoman: Wolf, William Warren Scranton, 115.
376 Jim Martin story in Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995), 219-21.
376 Wallace’s presidential plans: Stephan Lesher, George Wallace: American Populist (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 306-8.
376 For The Clubwoman, see Dorothy Newman, “GOP Gals Play It Cool,” San Francisco News-Call Bulletin, July 14. 1964. Sunday headlines from July 12, 1964, WP.
377 Scranton on Meet the Press: WP, July 13, 1964. For Scranton letter and Goldwater response, see Wolf, William Warren Scranton, 115-17; White, Making of the President 1964, 238; White with Gill, Suite 3505, 390-93; Lee Edwards, Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 258; and Time, July 24, 1964.
377 Full text of letter is in Stephen Shadegg, What Happened to Goldwater?: The Inside Story of the 1964 Republican Campaign (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965), 152-54.
378 For dinner-dance, see Mailer, “In a Blue Light”; and Baltimore Afro-American, July 25, 1964.
378 The Monday papers: WP, July 13, 1964. For Mark Hopkins elevators, see Mailer, “In a Blue Light.” “You know, these nighttime news shows”: David Brinkley, David Brinkley: 11 Presidents, 4 Wars, 22 Political Conventions, I Moon Landing, 3 Assassinations, 2,000 Weeks of News and Other Stuff on Television, and 18 Years Growing Up in North Carolina (New York: Knopf, 1995), 161. Aspirin with press badge: WP, July 13, 1964. Brinkley,forbade his young son: author interview with Alan Brinkley.
379 Geneva Drive-In: Keyston to Walton, FCW, Box 8/Rus Walton. CORE vigil: Jet, July 30, 1964; William F. Buckley column, LAT, July 16, 1964; Marquis Childs column, WP, July 10, 1964; and White, Making of the President 1964, 240-41. For security, see WP, July 12, 1964; and obituary of Wesley A. Pomeroy, NYT, May 15, 1998. “Escape the diabolical enslavement”: front-page editorial, Chicago Defender, July 25, 1964. “We must not forget”: LAT, July 14, 1964.
379 For “Lincoln League” and the Memphis Republican convention: Thomas Byrne Edsall and Mary D. Edsall, Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics (New York: Norton, 1991), 43; “GOP Negroes Washed Away by the Goldwater Ocean,” Chicago Defender, July 9, 1964; and author interview with Jack Craddock. Steers motion is in Proceedings of the 28th Republican National Convention (Washington, D.C.: Republican National Committee, 1964), 30.
380 Lee, for his part: Craddock interview.
380 Hatfield keynote: Proceedings, 76-80; and William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America (New York: Broadway Books, 1996), 83. Masonic Temple rally: WP, July 15, 1964; Carroll Kilpatrick, “Goldwater Sets Off 2 Smashing Broadsides,” unidentified clip in LBJWHAM, Box 30; and “Atlantic Report on the World Today,” Atlantic Monthly, September 1964.
380 Headlines: WP, July 14, 1964. For Nixon’s arrival, see Chicago Defender, July 24, 1964; and CBS News special, MTR, T78:0143. Scranton: WP, July 15, 1964; and n.d. clip, Presidential Nomination File/“Press Reps, 2 of 9,” MCSL. Credentials Committee Vote: NYT, July 15, 1964. For Goldwater’s flight, see Edwards, Goldwater, 263.
381 Eisenhower address in P
roceedings, 180-87.
381 For writing and reaction to Eisenhower address, see Harold Faber, ed., The Road to the White House: The Story of the 1964 Election by the Staff of the New York Times (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 63; Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 368; Sidney Warren, The Battle for the Presidency (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1968), 354; WP, July 17, 1964; Brinkley, David Brinkley, 162; and Mailer, “In a Blue Light.”
382 For platform-reading tactic, see Faber, ed., Road to the White House, 63. Viva! Olé!: Mailer, “In a Blue Light”; Burton Bernstein, profile of BMG, The New Yorker, April 25, 1988; and author interview with John Savage.
382 Bored delegates were milling about: Chicago Sun Times, July 15, 1964. Chancellor arrest: J. Leonard Reinsch, Getting Elected: From Radio and Roosevelt to Television and Reagan (New York: Hippocrene, 1988), 190. For attempt to remove Mike Wallace, see Chicago Sun Times, July 15, 1964.
382 Hugh Scott amendment introduction: Proceedings, 216-19. 383 Rockefeller’s speech can be seen in part in A&E Television Network, Nelson Rockefeller: Passionate Millionaire (1997, cat. no. AAE-17506); and the video Great American Speeches: 80 Years of Political Oratory, vol. 2 (Pieri and Spring, 1995). Also described in Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 387; Jon Margolis, The Last Innocent Year: America in 1964: The Beginning of the “Sixties” (New York: Morrow, 1999),271; and Time, July 24, 1964. Transcript in Proceedings, 217-23, including interjections from crowd and Morton.
383 For beginning of booing: author interview with Noel Black.
383 For Clif White’s failed “all-call,” see Edwards, Goldwater, 261.
383 Jackie Robinson was hanging back: Jackie Robinson, I Never Had It Made (Hopewell, N.J.: Ecco Press, 1995), 162.
384 For the rest of the amendments, see Proceedings, 219-62. “The South took the Mason-Dixon line”: Newsweek, July 26, 1964.
384 For beginning of BMG’s day and kitchen confrontation, see Edwards, Goldwater, 263; WP, July 16, 1964; and Faber, ed., Road to the White House, 65.
385 For Scranton Missouri caucus meeting, see Buckley column, LAT, July 16, 1964.
385 For ticket problems, see Chicago Daily News, July 16, 1964; Shadegg, What Happened, 162; and CT, July 16, 1964.
385 Walk with Lady Bird: LBJT, 6407.08/22; Jack Bell, The Johnson Treatment: How Lyndon B. Johnson Took Over the Presidency and Made It His Own (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), 236.
385 For Texas KKK rumor problem, see Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 125. Economic fine-tuning: Bell, Johnson Treatment, 236. For voter registration, see NYT obituary of Matt Reese, December 3, 1998. “Salute to President Johnson”: Michael Beschloss, ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 361. Ted Kennedy crash: Branch, Pillar of Fire, 357-386
For July 11, 1964, DDB meeting, see Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 188, 217. For Doyle Dane Bernbach, and comparison to Rosser Reeves and David Ogilvy, see Thomas C. Frank, The Conquest of Cool (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 35-73.
386 For DDB’s work with the LBJ campaign, see Pete Hamill, “When the Client Is a Candidate,” NYTM, October 25, 1964; Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, 169-220; and Edwin Diamond and Stephen Bates, The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1984), 121-47.
386 For the new policy on spots within programs, see Reinsch, Getting Elected, 189. Teddy White’s lament about the effect of TV on democracy is in The Making of the President 1960 (New York: Atheneum, 1961), 307.
386 “The medium is the message”: Marshall McCluhan, Understanding Media (New York: Signet, 1964).
387 Structure of DDB operation described in Hamill, “When the Client Is a Candidate.” Scrapping civil rights ads: Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, 217. “Kids being born with two heads”: LBJT, 6407.II/1.
387 For interruptions of Dirksen, see AR, July 16, 1964; and WP, July 16, 1964.
387 BMG demonstration: AR, July 16, 1964; WP, July 16, 1964; Edwards, Goldwater, 266; and Mailer, “In a Blue Light.”
388 Minister in donkey costume is from author interview with Sara Jane Sayer.
388 For Scranton demonstration, see Wolf, William Warren Scranton, 120.
388 Nomination roll call in Proceedings, 357-73.
389 For Scranton concession, see Mailer, “In a Blue Light”; and Edwards, Goldwater, 266 (for Goldwater quotes).
389 For Bill Miller, see “Goldwater’s Running Mate,” NYT, July 17, 1964; Dom Bonafede, “A Long Way from Lockport, N.Y., to ... ,” NYHT, September 20, 1964; the speeches in Bill Miller Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Box 68; and Congressional Quarterly, The Public Records of Barry M. Goldwater and William E. Miller: The Lives, Votes and Stands of the 1964 Republican Candidates (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Service, 1964). For his conservative support, see AR, July 16, 1964. His remark about dancing the twist is discussed on the CBS show Capitol Cloakroom, October 20, 1963, transcript in RAC III 14 22/10/769. For “riddle” ditty, see Jamieson, Packaging of the Presidency, 171. Goldwater states his reasons for selecting him in Congressional Quarterly, The Public Records of Barry M. Goldwater and William E. Miller.
389 Miller nomination and Linkletter in Proceedings, 392-403. For Nixon’s appearance, see Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “The Unmaking of a President,” Esquire, November 1964; Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 367; Richard Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, vol. I (New York: Warner Books, 1978), 320; and White, Making of the President 1964, 258.
390 Planning for acceptance speech: Edwards, Goldwater, 266-69; Barry Goldwater with Jack Casserly, Goldwater (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1988), 185; Shadegg, What Happened, 166; Time, July 24, 1964; Philadelphia Bulletin, July 22, 1964; letter to editor of Washington Times from Henry Jaffa, June 13, 1986; and author interview with Charles Lichenstein.
391 For delivery, see video Great American Speeches: 80 Years of Political Oratory, vol. 2 (Pieri and Spring, 1995); White with Gill, Suite 3505, 13; White, Making of the President 1964, 258; and Shadegg, What Happened, 167. Nixon and BMG transcripts in Proceedings, 408—19.
391 White in trailer: White with Gill, Suite 3505, 14. Keating: WP, July 18, 1964. Richard Nixon restraining wife: Christopher Matthews, Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 138, 248. Earthquake in ABC booth: Howard K. Smith, Events Leading Up to My Death: The Life of a Twentieth-Century Reporter (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 309. Wirt Yerger walked up to George Romney: author interview with Wirt Yerger.
392 “If a party so committed”: WP, July 14, 1964. “To extol extremism”: “Rockefeller’s Words About ‘Extremism,’ ” NYHT, July 18, 1964. Eisenhower labeled the speech an offense: Warren, Battle for the Presidency, 357. Eisenhower and “switchblade issue”: Time, July 24, 1964. “Latent white resentment of militant Negro claims”: Philadelphia Bulletin, July 22, 1964.
392 To the New York Times’s editorialists: NYT, July 16, 1964, A30. “There may not be a day after tomorrow”: cited in NR, July 6, 1998. For Fulbright’s four Senate speeches against BMG, see Congressional Record copies in LBJWHM6-3, October 16 to October 26 Folder.
393 Roundup of world press in WP, July 18, 1964. “Brown shirts” quote in Time, July 24, 1964. According to an editorial: “The Greatest Danger,” WS, July 15, 1964.
393 Republicans grabbing Democratic buttons: Herb Caen column, SFC, July 17, 1964.
393 Waking up at 8:15: F. Clifton White with Jerome Tuccille, Politics as a Noble Calling (Ottawa, III.: Jameson Books, 1994), 161. “White’s reward if Goldwater is nominated”: Time, July 17, 1964.
393 “Is this thing on Dean Burch a secret”: White with Tuccille, Noble Calling, 160. “One of my dearest and closest friends”: Shadegg, What Happened, 171. 394 For wake in the Fairmont and presentation of wristwatche
s, see Shadegg, 167.
394 For White’s depression and difficulty packing for his trip, see White with Tuccille, Noble Calling, 162; and interview with William Rusher.
395 New York riots sources are Fred C. Shapiro and James W. Sullivan, Race Riots New York 1964: What Really Happened as It Happened Before the Eyes of Two Trained Observers (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1964) (Clark and Randolph quotes); and White, Making of the President 1964, 266-82. Rustin scene is reproduced in Choice, Goldwater campaign film, AC.
396 Review of How to Win an Election: New York Times Book Review, July 26, 1964. Chicago Sun Times columnist: Pam Rymer, mid-August state-by-state rundown, AHF, Box W3/4.
396 Goldwater meeting with reporters: Karl Hess, “An Open Letter to Barry Goldwater,” Ramparts, August 1969.
396 “I’m afraid to leave my house”: LBJ and Hoover, July 21, 1964, LBJT, 6407.05/10. “X-Factor”: TRB column, TNR, July 25, 1964. Walter Lippmann had coined the term: Lippmann, “A Realignment of Parties?,” Newsweek, July 20, 1964. For LBJ’s backlash obsession, see James Reston, “Turbulent Democratic ‘Strongholds,’ ” NYT, July 29, 1964; Charles M. Benjamin to LBJ, July 16, 1964, LBJWH6-3. Quayle report: White, Making of the President 1964, 307. The President sought out a loyal Southern senator: LBJ and Reedy, July 19, 1964, LBJT, 6407.10/4.
396 Goldwater press conference: Birmingham World, July 25, 1964. For White House suspicions, hear LBJT, 6407.11/1. Goldwater’s “attempt to make a public display”: July 18, 1964, memo, no identification, LBJWHAM53.
397 Johnson told George Reedy: July 20, 1964, 7:40 p.m., LBJT, 6407.11. “Civil rights is something around our neck”: LBJT, 6407.12/2. 397 For meeting preparations, see Dallek, Flawed Giant, 134 (for “rebuffing” quote); and Bell, Johnson Treatment, 172.
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