The Red Flag: A History of Communism
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P. Chabal, Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War (Cambridge, 1983).
P. Chabal and D. Birmingham (eds.), A History of post-Colonial Lusophone Africa (London, 2002).
P. Chabal and N. Vidal, Angola: The Weight of History (London, 2007).
D. P. Chandler, Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot (Boulder, 1992).
D. P. Chandler, The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War and Revolution since 1945 (New Haven, 1991).
D. P. Chandler and B. Kiernan (eds.), Revolution and Its Aftermath in Kampuchea: Eight Essays (New Haven, 1983).
D. P. Chandler, B. Kiernan and C. Boua (eds. and trans.), Pol Pot Plans the Future: Confidential Leadership Documents from Democratic Kampuchea, 1976–1977 (New Haven, 1988).
I. Christie, Machel of Mozambique (Harare, 1988).
C. Clapham (ed.), African Guerrillas (Oxford, 1998).
C. Clapham, Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia (Cambridge, 1988).
H. Cobban, The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics (Cambridge, 1984).
B. Davidson, In the Eye of the Storm: Angola’s People (London, 1972).
B. Davidson, No Fist is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea and Cape Verde, Aspects of an African Revolution (London, 1981).
F. Debré, Cambodge: La Révolution de la forêt (Paris, 1976).
M. Dhada, Warriors at Work: How Guinea was Really Set Free (Niwot, Col., 1993).
D. L. Donham, Marxist Modern: an Ethnographic History of the Ethiopian Revolution (Berkeley and Oxford, 1999).
S. Ellis and T. Sechaba, Comrades Against Apartheid (London, 1992).
G. Evans and K. Rowley, Red Brotherhood at War: Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos since 1975, rev. edn (London, 1990).
M. Ezra, Ecological Degradation, Rural Poverty, and Migration in Ethiopia. A Contextual Analysis (New York, 2001).
A. B. Fields, Trotskyism and Maoism. Theory and Practice in France and the United States (New York, 1988).
C. Fink, P. Gassert and D. Junker (eds.), 1968: The World Transformed (Cambridge, 1998).
V. Fišera (ed.), Writing on the Wall: May 1968: A Documentary Anthology (London, 1978).
R. Fraser et al., 1968: A Student Generation in Revolt (London, 1988).
E. George, The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991 (London, 2005).
S. Ghosh, The Naxalite Movement: A Maoist Experiment (Calcutta, 1974).
D. W. Giorgis, Red Tears: War, Famine, and Revolution in Ethiopia (Trenton, NJ, 1989).
A. Glyn, Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization and Welfare (Oxford, 2007).
F. A. Guimarães, The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict (London, 1997).
T. Haile-Selassie, The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974–91: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy (London, 1997).
M. Hall and T. Young, Confronting Leviathan: Mozambique since Independence (London, 1997).
J. Haslam, The Nixon Administration and the Death of Allende’s Chile (London, 2005).
S. R. Heder, Kampuchean Occupation and Resistance (Bangkok, 1980).
S. R. Heder, Pol Pot and Khieu Samphan (Clayton, 1991).
N. Henck, Subcommander Marcos: The Man and the Mask (Durham, NC, 2007).
T. H. Henriksen, ‘People’s War in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau’, Journal of Modern African Studies 14, 3 (1976).
T. Hodges, Angola: From Afro-Stalinism to Petro-Diamond Capitalism (Oxford, 2001).
G. R. Horn, The Spirit of ’68: Rebellion in Western Europe and North America, 1956–76 (Oxford, 2007).
A. Hyman, Afghanistan under Soviet Domination, 1964–91, 3rd edn (Basing-stoke, 1992).
A. Isaacman and B. Isaacman, Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900–1982 (Boulder, 1983).
K. D. Jackson (ed.), Cambodia 1975–1978: Rendezvous with Death (Princeton, 1989).
D. James, Resistance and Integration. Peronism and the Argentine Working Class, 1946–1976 (Cambridge, 1976).
G. Katsiaficas, The Imagination of the New Left: A Global Analysis of 1968 (Boston, 1987).
M. N. Katz (ed.), The USSR and Marxist Revolutions in the Third World (Cambridge, 1990).
E. J. Keller and D. Rothschild (eds.), Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy (Boulder, 1987).
B. Kiernan, How Pol Pot Came to Power: A History of Communism in Kampuchea, 1930–1975 (London, 1985).
B. Kiernan, The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79, 2nd edn (New Haven, 2002).
B. Kiernan and C. Boua (eds.), Peasants and Politics in Kampuchea, 1942–81 (London, 1982).
M. Klimke and J. Scharloth (eds.), 1968 in Europe. A History of Protest and Activism, 1956–1977 (New York, 2008).
P. Kornbluh, The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability (New York, 2003).
D. J. Kotze, Communism in South Africa (Cape Town, 1979).
D. Kruijt, Guerrillas (London, 2008).
M. H. Little, America’s Uncivil Wars (New York, 2006).
F. Logevall, Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of the War in Vietnam (Berkeley, 1999).
D. McAdam, Freedom Summer (Oxford, 1988).
D. T. McKinley, The ANC and the Liberation Struggle (London, 1997).
N. Macqueen, The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire (London, 1997).
B. Male, Revolutionary Afghanistan: A Reappraisal (London, 1982).
J. A. Marcum, The Angolan Revolution, Vol 1: The Anatomy of an Explosion; Vol 2: Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (Cambridge, Mass., 1969, 1978).
F. Marwat, The Evolution and Growth of Communism in Afghanistan, 1971–79 (Karachi, 1997).
A. Marwick, The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, c.1958–c.1974 (Oxford, 1998).
A. P. Mukherjee, Maoist ‘Spring Thunder’: The Naxalite movement 1967–1972 (Kolkata, 2007).
B. Munslow, Afrocommunism? (Liverpool, 1985).
B. Munslow (ed.), Samora Machel: An African Revolutionary: Selected Speeches and Writings, trans. M. Wolfers (London, 1985).
D. Ottaway and M. Ottaway, Afrocommunism (New York, 1981).
M. A. Pitcher, Transforming Mozambique: The Politics of Privatization, 1975–2000 (New York, 2002).
S. Plant, The Most Radical Gesture: The Situationist International in a Post-Modern Age (London, 1992).
F. Ponchaud, Cambodia Year Zero (New York, 1978).
D. Porch, The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution (London, 1977).
Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975 (Chapel Hill, 2000).
M. Ram, Maoism in India (New York, 1971).
R. Ray, The Naxalites and their Ideology, 2nd edn. (New Delhi, 2002).
M. Rothschild, A Case of Black and White. Northern Volunteers and the Southern Freedom Summers, 1964–1965 (Westport, 1982).
A. Z. Rubinstein, Moscow’s Third World Strategy (Princeton, 1988).
J. S. Saul (ed.), A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique (New York, 1985).
R. J. Spalding, Capitalists and Revolution in Nicaragua: Opposition and Accommodation, 1979–1993 (Chapel Hill, 1994).
R. J. Spalding (ed.), The Political Economy of Revolutionary Nicaragua (London, 1987).
A. Tiruneh, The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974–1987: A Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian Autocracy (Cambridge, 1993).
J. Young, Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, 1975–1991 (Cambridge, 1997).
B. Zewde, History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991, 2nd edn (Oxford, 2001).
V. M. Zubok, A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill, 2007).
TWIN REVOLUTIONS
R. Baum, Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping (Princeton, 1994).
&
nbsp; R. Baum, Reform and Reaction in post-Mao China: the Road to Tiananmen (New York, 1991).
D. S. Bell (ed.), Western European Communists and the Collapse of Communism (Oxford, 1993).
G. Breslauer, Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders (Cambridge, 2002).
A. Brown, The Gorbachev Factor (Oxford, 1996).
A. Brown, Seven Years that Changed the World: Perestroika in Perspective (Oxford, 2007).
M. Burawoy and J. Lukács, The Radiant Past: Ideology and Reality in Hungary’s Road to Capitalism (Chicago, 1992).
Chen Fong-ching and Jin Guantao, From Youthful Manuscripts to River Elegy: The Chinese Popular Cultural Movement and Political Transformation 1979–1989 (Hong Kong, 1997).
Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State–Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement (Chicago, 2001).
G. Ekiert, The State against Society: Political Crises and Their Aftermath in East Central Europe (Princeton, 1996).
M. Friedman, The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy (Cambridge, 2006).
M. Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship. Inside the GDR, 1949–1989 (Oxford, 1995).
T. Garton Ash, The Polish Revolution: Solidarity, 1980–82 (London, 1983).
M. Goldman, Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China: Political Reform in the Deng Xiaoping Era (Cambridge, Mass., 1994).
M. Gorbachev, Memoirs (London, 1997).
S. Hellman, Italian Communism in Transition: The Rise and Fall of the Historic Compromise in Turin 1975–1980 (New York, 1988).
Jing Wang, High Culture Fever: Politics, Aesthetics, and Ideology in Deng’s China (Berkeley, 1996).
P. Kenney, A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989 (Princeton, 2002).
J. Kopstein, The Politics of Economic Decline in East Germany, 1945–1989 (Chapel Hill, 1997).
S. Kotkin, Armageddon Averted. The Soviet Collapse, 1970–2000 (Oxford, 2000).
L. Kürti, Youth and the State in Hungary: Capitalism, Communism and Class (London, 2002).
R. Laba, The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland’s Working-Class Democratization (Princeton, 1991).
K. J. Lepak, Prelude to Solidarity: Poland and the Politics of the Gierek Regime (New York, 1988).
M. Lewin, The Gorbachev Phenomenon: A Historical Interpretation (London, 1988).
B. Magas, The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Break-up 1980–92 (London, 1993).
C. S. Maier, Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany (Princeton, 1997).
D. Mason, Public Opinion and Political Change in Poland (Cambridge, 1985).
B. Miller, Narratives of Guilt and Compliance in Unified Germany: Stasi Informers and their Impact on Society (London, 1999).
J. R. Millar (ed.), Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Former Soviet Citizens (Cambridge, 1987).
A. Nathan and P. Link (eds.), The Tiananmen Papers (London, 2001).
A. J. Nathan, Chinese Democracy (New York, 1985).
V. Nee and D. Stark with M. Selden (eds.), Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern Europe (Stanford, 1989).
J. C. Oi, State and Peasant in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government (Berkeley, 1989).
M. Oksenberg, L. R. Sullivan and M. Lambert (eds.), Beijing Spring, 1989: Confrontation and Conflict: The Basic Documents, trans. H. R. Lan and J. Dennerline (New York, 1990).
M. Osa, Solidarity and Contention: Networks of Polish Opposition (Minneapolis, 2003).
D. Philipsen, We were the People: Voices from East Germany’s Revolutionary Autumn of 1989 (Durham, NC, 1993).
G. Sanford (ed. and trans.), Democratization in Poland 1988–90: Polish Voices (Basingstoke, 1992).
S. Shirk, The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China (Berkeley, 1993).
V. Shue, The Reach of the State: Sketches of the Chinese Body Politic (Stanford, 1988).
R. G. Suny, The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Stanford, 1993).
R. L. Tökés, Hungary’s Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change, and Political Succession, 1957–1990 (Cambridge, 1996).
B. Wheaton and Z. Kavan, The Velvet Revolution: Czechoslovakia, 1988–1991 (Boulder, 1992).
E. Wood, Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador (Cambridge, 1993).
S. Woodward, Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War (Washington, DC, 1995).
EPILOGUE
G. Breslauer, Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders (Cambridge, 2002).
C. Bukowski and B. Racz (eds.), The Return of the Left in post-Communist States: Current Trends and Future Prospects (Cheltenham, 1999).
M. Burawoy and K. Verdery (eds.), Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in the post-Socialist World (Lanham, 1999).
J. G. Castañeda, Utopia Unarmed: The Latin American Left after the Cold War (New York, 1993).
L. J. Cook, M. A. Orenstein and M. Rueschemeyer (eds.), Left Parties and Social Policy in post-Communist Europe (Boulder, 1999).
K. Dawisha and B. Parrott (eds.), The Consolidation of Democracy in East-Central Europe (Cambridge, 1997).
S. Eckstein (ed.), Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements (Berkeley, 2001).
G. Eyal, I. Szelényi and E. Townsley, Making Capitalism without Capitalists: Class Formation and Elite Struggles in post-Communist Central Europe (London, 1998).
C. M. Hann (ed.), Post-Socialism: Ideals, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia (London, 2002).
N. Henck, Subcommander Marcos. The Man and the Mask (Durham, NC, 2007).
A. Knight, Spies without Cloaks: The KGB’s Successors (Princeton, 1996).
K. Louie, Theorizing Chinese Masculinity (Cambridge, 2002).
J. Nochlin, Vanguard Revolutionaries in Latin America (Boulder, 2003).
D. S. Palmer (ed.), The Shining Path of Peru (London, 1992).
P. Reddaway and D. Glinski, The Tragedy of Russia’s Reforms. Market Bolshevism against Democracy (Washington, DC, 2001).
S. Shirk, China. Fragile Superpower (Oxford, 2007).
S. Stern (ed.), Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995 (Durham, NC, 1998).
K. Verdery, What was Socialism and What Comes Next? (Princeton, 1996).
Index
1960s
strength and variety of communism, 454
influence rebellions of, 452–3, 456–7, 463–4, 467
Abuladze, Tengiz, 532–3
Adler, Victor, 59
Aeschylus, Prometheus trilogy, xxi–xxiii
Afghanistan, 496, 530–31, 548
Afinogenov, Aleksandr, 178
Africa
Che Guevara’s tour of nationalist states, 392–4
Communist parties in, 397–8
independence of Portuguese colonies, 476–7
Marxism in, 394–5
Marxism-Leninism in, 470
nationalist movements, 397–8
Portuguese, 472–3
radicalization of leaders, 469–70
agrarian economies, Communist success in, 114
Akhmatova, Anna, 280
Albania, 546
break with USSR, 408–9
ethnic and clan politics of, 409
Khrushchev’s USSR seen as imperialist, 404–5
Maoism in, 409
use of Stalinist model, 408–9
Alekseeva, Ludmilla, 347
Alexander II, assassination, 70
Aleksandr Nevskii (Eisenstein), 157–8, 161
Allende, Salvador, 474–5
Amsterdam Congress of the International 1904, 57
anarchism, conflict with Marxism, 41–2
ancien régime, features of in USSR under Stalin, 164–5