Shadow Warrior
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Kim, Le Van, 193, 201, 204
Kim, Tran Van, 196
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 271, 349, 420
Kinsey, Bruce, 286, 302–303, 304
Kipling, Rudyard, 7, 10, 11, 82, 107
Kirkland, Lane, 412
Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 349
Kissinger, Henry, 6, 260, 293, 325, 329, 334, 335, 336–337, 343, 350, 354, 367, 373, 374, 377, 378–379, 382–383, 392, 393, 394–395, 397, 399, 400, 404, 410, 413, 419, 420, 423, 460, 473
characteristics of, 376–377, 409
cited for contempt of Congress, 459
and congressional probes into the family jewels, 415–416, 416–417, 437, 440, 441, 442, 448, 449, 450, 451, 453, 457, 461
desire to fire Colby, 417, 453
overseeing the deepening crisis in South Vietnam, 426–427, 429–430, 431, 432–433
power of, 451
Project Azorian and, 384, 387, 389
relieved of duty as national security advisor, 455
report provided to Ford and, on the family jewels, 405, 406, 407, 411–412, 414
on Vietnam, 308, 309, 328, 353, 421, 422, 425
Kleindienst, Richard, 361
Klose, Max, 93
Knox, Bernard, 35–36, 454
Kohlman, Bill, 320
Komer, Robert, 261–263, 264, 265, 266–267, 269, 271, 278–279, 282, 285, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 297, 298–299, 302, 305, 319, 346
Korea, 115, 224
See also North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 80, 90, 93, 143, 186, 221, 254
Kory, Helms, 337
Kubisch, Jack, 459
Kurdish tribe, 454
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 134, 139, 146–148, 210, 249, 251, 252, 258, 259, 260, 265, 267, 268–269, 283, 286, 294, 296, 307–308, 309, 317, 320, 323, 329, 427
Lair, Bill, 221–222, 223, 224, 226, 228, 229, 236, 240, 241, 244
Laird, Melvin, 309, 334, 335, 379
Landry, Pat, 240, 241
Langeland, Borge, 54
Langguth, A. J., 420
Lansdale, Edward, 3, 93, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 144, 150–151, 152, 153, 176, 177, 178, 189, 209, 215, 217, 249, 250, 253–254, 255, 257, 259, 261, 268, 270, 287, 317, 318, 345
Lansdell, Richard Armand, 46
Lao Dong, 122, 135, 150, 178, 310
Laos, 127, 142, 148, 153, 173, 178, 215, 237, 239, 294, 309, 326, 354
China and, 218, 220
described, 217–218
Geneva Accords and, 116, 188, 218, 225, 226, 232, 235, 239
Hmong tribe and, 220–221, 222–223, 224, 225, 226, 227–228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 240–241, 243–244, 245
Ho Chi Minh Trail in, 155, 180, 232, 238
Montagnards and, 157
National Assembly, 219, 222
NVA and, 121, 221, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 326
refugees in, 245
secret war in, 5, 213, 217, 226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 241, 247, 365
Laotian communist party. See Pathet Lao
Latham, Aaron, 466
Latin America, 199, 345, 349
Latvia, 90, 93
Laval, Pierre, 50
Law 10/59, 122
Law Review, 27
Lawrence, James Vinton, 228–229, 233, 234, 236, 240
Lawrence, T. E., 32, 39–40, 59, 63, 82, 153, 229, 330
Layton, Dora, 165, 202–203
Layton, Gilbert “Chink,” 154–155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163–164, 165, 172, 173, 178–179, 196, 202–203
Le, Kong, 219–220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 230, 235
Lee, Rex, 448, 449
Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald (Epstein), 466
LeLong, Camille (pseudonym Jacques Favel), 38–39, 41, 44–45, 46, 48, 49, 50
LeMay, Curtis, 204
Lemnitzer, Lyman, 412
Lenin, Vladimir, 82, 107
Lewy, Guenter, 311
Liaison officers, 128
Liberation Radio, 266
Libya, 473
Liddy, G. Gordon, 343, 346, 347
Liermo, Hans, 59, 60
Life, 187
Lilienthal, David, 270
Lin Piao, 142
Lincoln, Abraham, 69, 376
Lippincott, Dean Oliver, 228
Lippmann, Walter, 77, 78
Lithuania, 90, 93
Loan, Nguyen Ngoc, 269, 429
Loc, Nguyen Van, 288
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 184, 185, 186–187, 188–189, 190, 191–192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 249, 253, 256–257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 267
Long Telegram, 72
Los Angeles Times, 388, 413, 472
Lost Victory (Colby), 151, 172, 185, 189, 198, 240, 245, 264, 290, 291, 295, 298, 300, 433, 476
Lovett, Robert, 294
Luce, Clare Boothe, 97, 99, 102–103, 109–110, 112, 113, 114, 127, 462
Luce, Henry, 97, 114
Lumumba, Patrice, 339, 350, 411, 438, 457, 458
Lyautey, Louis Hubert Gonzalve, 153, 157, 299
Lyfoung, Touby, 222
Lynn, James, 447
MacArthur, Douglas, 66, 242
MacLean, Donald, 107, 108
Mafia, 351, 406, 438, 444, 457
Magsaysay, Raymond, 93, 117, 150
Maheu, Robert, 416, 457
Mailer, Norman, 88, 460
Mail-intercept program, 326, 340, 357, 360, 400, 402, 410, 412
Making of a Quagmire, The (Halberstam), 258
Malaria, 124, 155, 162, 220
Malay Communist Party, 154
Malaya, 115, 150, 151, 153–154
Malayan Emergency, 154
Malaysia, 214, 465
Malik, Adam, 215, 216
Man Who Kept the Secrets, The (Powers), 344
Manchu Dynasty, 14
Manchuria, invasion of, 66
Mansfield, Mike, 128, 363, 414
Mao Tse-tung, 14, 79, 83, 142, 152, 296
Marchetti, Victor, 87, 106, 344–345, 371, 378, 389
Marks, John, 344
Marsh, John, 416, 449, 451, 454
Marshall Plan, 82, 96
Martin, David, 471
Martin, Graham, 426, 427, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433
Martin, Tom, 288, 426
Martinez, Eugenio, 349
Marx, Patricia, 255
Marxism-Leninism, 24, 72, 106, 114, 214, 296, 320, 336, 338, 370, 434, 460
Mason, Alpheus T., 23
Mathias, Charles, 444
Matsui, Victor M., 126–127
McAfee, Gage, 312, 313, 314, 315, 324, 325, 332, 432
McCarthy, Cormac, 64, 65
McCarthy, Emmett, 117
McCarthy, Joseph, 82, 114, 175, 349, 411, 450
McCarthyism, 83, 451
McClellan, John, 414
McClory, Robert, 451
McCloskey, Pete, 331, 332
McCone, John A., 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 201, 203, 204, 209, 211, 212, 227, 230, 233, 234, 235, 366, 411
McCord, James W., Jr., 347, 348, 349, 352, 359, 364
McCoy, Tom, 99, 100, 103, 475
McGarr, Lionel C., 158, 159–160
McGovern, George, 271, 326, 353, 415, 422, 445
McKnight, Marguerette “Peggy” (code-named “Nicole”), 46–47, 49
McNamara, Robert, 142, 145, 173–174, 180, 181, 185, 190, 197, 198, 200, 203, 204, 225, 233, 260, 264, 282, 341, 399
Mellon, Andrew, 33
Mellon, Paul, 33
Menzies, Stewart, 32, 36
Mertz, John, 235
Methven, Stuart, 207, 208, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 232, 244
Mexico, 367
Meyer, Cord, 356
MI-6. See Secret Intelligence Service
Middle East, 40, 330, 378, 383, 400, 472
Middle East Division, 380–381, 382, 400
Mighty Wurlitzer. See Office of Policy Coordination
Miksche, Ferdinand Otto, 292
Military Assistance and Advisory Group (MAAG), 118, 127, 128, 131, 136, 150, 155, 157, 158, 159, 162, 178, 179
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), 178, 179, 180, 205, 208, 209, 210, 235, 239, 254, 256, 260, 263, 264, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290, 299, 305, 309, 313, 315, 325, 328
Military Revolutionary Council (MRC), 195, 197, 201, 202, 205, 210, 249, 258–259, 269
Miller, Gerry, 53, 54, 55, 80, 86, 88, 89, 90, 95, 98, 101, 108, 113
Miller, Russ, 138, 139, 145, 155
Minh, Duong Van “Big,” 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 201, 329, 431, 432
Ministry of Rural Reconstruction, 249, 250
Missile gap, 334, 335
Mitchell, John, 346–347
Mongolia, 160
Montagnards, 136, 155, 156, 157, 159–163, 164, 173, 179, 181, 186, 223, 242
Moorer, Thomas, 383, 387
Moreno, Carmen Mercedes, 103
Morgan, J. P., 33
Morgan, Thomas E., 394
Morse, Wayne, 271
Morton, Bruce, 446
Mossad, 380
Mossadeq, Mohammed, 365
Mounier, Emmanuel, 117, 129–130
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 354
Mu Ban Samaki, 235
Mullen Company, 349
Murphy, David, 380
Murphy, Robert, 186
Murrow, Edward R., 76
Muslim Majumi Party, 214
Muslims, 214, 216, 410
Mussolini, Benito, 24, 26, 101
My Lai massacre, 316, 332, 387, 404
Myers, Robert, 181, 191, 198, 280
NAACP, 13
Nach, James, 327, 434
Nagasaki atomic bombing, 66
Naguib, Muhammed, 184
Nagy, Imre, 111
Napoleon, Bonaparte, 151–152
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 184, 381
Nasution, Abdul Haris, 216
National Enquirer, 465
National Intelligence Authority, 71, 73
See also Central Intelligence Agency
National Intelligence Daily, 374–375
National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), 336, 356, 373, 375
National intelligence officers (NIOs), 373–374
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 79–80, 84
National Liberation Front (NLF), 122, 135, 149, 150, 178, 181, 188, 195, 197, 256, 259, 260, 268, 284, 298, 310, 313, 317, 320
negotiations with, anticipating, 249, 264, 266, 284, 309, 321
See also Viet Cong
National Public Radio, 388
National Revolutionary Movement, 135
National Salvation Front, 317
National Security Act, 73, 341, 371
National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM), 145, 151, 181, 230, 267
National Security Agency (NSA), 343
National Security Council (NSC), 73, 74, 97, 101–102, 142, 145, 179, 180, 185, 186, 192, 194, 195, 199, 204, 209, 215, 226, 230, 233, 261, 334, 335, 376, 378, 379, 382, 391–392, 424, 429
National Socialism, 82
National Student Association, 273, 334
National Training Center for Revolutionary Development Cadre, 250, 251, 252, 264–265
See also Rural Development Cadre
Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam. See Dai Viet Quoc Dan Dang
Native Americans, 11, 13, 21, 69, 133, 154
Natsios, Nick, 127, 129
Nazis, 24, 26, 101, 104, 105, 107, 409, 410
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 26, 33, 82
Nedzi, Lucien, 363, 393–394, 397, 401–402, 415, 417, 440, 442
Nelson, William, 401, 417, 418
Nenni, Pietro, 96, 108, 109, 111, 113
Neo-fascists, 97, 101, 102, 103, 459
Nessen, Ronald, 456
Netherlands, 53, 107
Neutrality Acts, 25
New Deal/New Dealism, 23, 67, 75, 79
New Jewel Movement, 474
New Right, 471, 476
New York Times, 111, 158, 187, 254, 258, 273, 293, 316, 387, 389, 391, 394, 397, 402, 403–404, 405, 410, 414, 419, 426, 439, 448, 449, 451, 452, 461
New York Young Democratic Club, 75
Newman, John Henry Cardinal, 10
Newsweek, 383, 414, 420, 439, 452, 471
Nghia, Duong Hieu, 194
Ngo brothers. See Diem, Ngo Dinh; House of Ngo; Nhu, Ngo Dinh
Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 117, 118, 128, 131, 134, 141, 154, 168, 173, 178, 184, 187, 189, 252, 410
anticommunist campaign of, 120–121, 287
assassination of, 194, 201, 202, 338, 339, 428
attempted assassination of, 172
attitude and style of, 129–130, 167, 196
coup plots against, 181, 182, 183–186, 191–193
coup that ousted, 193–194, 195, 428
elections and, 132
failed coup against Diem and, 137–140
openly consorting with the communists, 188
persuading, on counterinsurgency/pacification vision, 157, 164, 167
plotting against Diem, 183
purpose of Colby’s relationship with, 195–196
wife of, 188, 192
Nhung, Nguyen Van, 194, 202
Nixon, Patricia “Tricia,” 361
Nixon, Richard, 307, 308, 328, 329, 334, 335, 336–337, 339, 342–343, 348, 357, 358, 365, 367, 368, 373, 374, 375, 377, 383, 384, 385, 393, 394, 404, 421, 422, 440, 443, 446, 452, 459, 476
on Cambodia, 309, 310, 325
domestic spying and, 340, 342
firing of Helms, 353–354
on Laos, 309, 326
reelection of, 353
resignation of, 376, 392, 413
Vietnamization and, 253, 309, 317, 325, 326
Watergate and, 347, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 359, 361, 362, 364, 376, 381, 382, 392, 406
withdrawal of troops from Vietnam announced by, 309–310, 325, 326
NKVD. See People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs
Nol, Lon, 325
Nolting, Frederick, 151, 159, 160, 184, 191, 195
Normandy invasion. See D-Day
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 89, 90, 93, 95, 96, 98, 101, 112, 455
North Korea, 80, 93, 472
North Vietnam, 155, 188, 211, 238, 231, 310
bombing of, 210, 211, 231, 240, 283, 294, 307, 308, 309, 422
cease-fire agreements with, 421, 430
as a “denied area,” 94, 148, 181
discussing troop withdrawals with, 317, 421
entrepôt for, to funnel arms, 354
establishment of, 116
evolution of, 298
flag of, 327
France’s withdrawal from, 117
Geneva Accords and, 116, 218
inserting agents in, 146–149, 180
insurgency in, 118
intentions of, following US troop withdrawal, 427, 429, 431
JFK endorsing covert action against, 145–146, 151
Kissinger negotiating with, 378
peace agreement between the Americans and, 422, 423
pressure on LBJ to strike, 205, 271
rate of conscripting soldiers in, 255–256
Thieu resigning under pressure from, 431
US prisoners of war held by, return home of, 422, 423
Viet Minh withdrawing to, 117, 121, 135–136
See also specific people, organizations, activities/events, and issues involving North Vietnam
North Vietnamese Army (NVA), 5, 136, 144, 180, 260, 324, 325, 432, 433
capacity of ARVN against, 309
cease-fire agreements with, 421, 422
Diem’s perception of, 120
Easter offensive and, 345
expansion of, 155, 245
Ho Chi Minh Trail and, 203, 205, 245
infiltration of, into South Vietnam, 197, 235, 239, 423
Laos and, 121, 221, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 326
Opera
tion Speedy Express and, 303–304
rapid advancement of, 430
series of offensives by, following US withdrawal, 423–424, 426, 429
Tet Offensive and, 283, 284
Norway, 53, 63, 80, 86, 89, 92, 115
Norwegian Special Operations (NORSO) Group, 53–54, 54–55, 56–61, 61–63, 64–65, 82, 84–85, 86, 238
Nosenko, Yuri, 277, 278, 406, 410, 466, 469–470
Novasan, Phoumi, 219, 220, 221, 223, 229
Nuclear arms control, 421, 459
See also Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Nuclear-armed submarine, CIA-led project involving, 383–389, 402
Nugan, Francis John “Frank,” 473
Nugan Hand merchant bank, 472, 473–474
Nung tribe, 242
Nuremburg Trials, 105
Nuttle, David (Mr. Dave), 155–157, 159, 160, 160–161, 173
Ober, Richard, 341, 342, 343, 411
Obolensky, Serge, 54
O’Brien, Larry, 347
Office of Economic Research, 375
Office of Foreign Intelligence, 83
Office of National Estimates, 373, 378
Office of Plans, West European Division, 108
Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), 74, 82, 83, 85–86, 88, 90, 91, 93, 97, 100, 114, 128
See also Covert action (CA) branch
Office of Political Research, 375
Office of Special Operations (OSO), 90, 91, 93, 127
See also Foreign intelligence (FI) branch
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 1, 4, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35–36, 38, 41, 53, 63–64, 70–71, 73, 77, 80, 84–85, 104, 108, 115, 118, 119, 127, 215, 232
evaluation of Colby, 66–67
See also Norwegian Special Operations (NORSO) Group; Operation Jedburgh
Office of the Chief of Psychological Warfare, 143
Office of the Coordinator of Information (COI), 32
Officer Candidate School, 118
Official Secrets Act, 360, 371
Okinawa, battle for, 66
Olson, Frank, 439–440
One-Zero commanders, 242
Open Arms program, 285
Operation Anvil, 118
Operation Baby Lift, 428
Operation Barrel Roll (Steel Tiger), 235
Operation Eagle Pull, 426
Operation Jedburgh, 34, 35–39, 40–41, 42–46, 47–48, 48–51, 53, 64, 65, 84–85, 86, 145, 238, 243, 477
Operation MH/Chaos, 341–342, 344, 348, 357, 360, 401, 402–403, 404, 406, 410, 411, 412
Operation Momentum, 223–224
Operation Mongoose, 176–177, 240, 274, 339, 350, 351, 438
Operation Passage to Freedom, 155
Operation Rolling Thunder, 210, 211, 235
Operation Rype, 55–61, 80
Operation Shining Brass, 239, 241–243
“Operation Shock” memo, 283, 294–295, 296
Operation Speedy Express, 303–304, 332
Operation Steel Tiger (Barrel Roll), 235