Shadow Warrior
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Tho, Pauline Nguyen Van, 168
Thompson, Robert, 152, 153, 154, 157, 167
303 Committee, 144, 147, 160, 173, 174, 176, 215, 220, 238, 240, 288, 336, 337, 443
See also 40 Committee
Thuan, Nguyen Dinh, 131
Thuc, Ngo Dinh, 121, 182
Thuy, Hoang Co, 140, 160, 162
Tibet, 112, 224
Time, 389, 395, 451
Times of Vietnam, 188
Tito, Josef Broz, 96
Togliatti, Palmiro, 96, 108, 109, 111
Tom Dooley phenomenon, 155
Tomic Romero, Radomiro, 336
Toth, Janos, 430
Tovar, Bernardo Hugh, 215, 216, 217
Tower, John, 415, 441, 444
Track I initiative, 367, 393, 394, 397
Track II initiative, 337, 338, 367, 392–393, 394, 397, 398, 437, 453
Treaty of Versailles, 24
Trong, Huynh, 328
Trujillo, Rafael, 274, 339, 350, 411, 438, 458
Truman Doctrine, 76, 143
Truman, Harry S., 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 79, 80, 96, 97, 107, 110, 118, 176, 334, 340, 349, 370
Truong, Ngo Quang, 424
Trust, the, agents of, 107
Tsaldaris, Constantine, 78
Tung, Le Quang, 155, 173, 179, 184, 187, 191, 192–193, 196, 202
Turkey/Turks, 40, 450
Turner, Stansfield, 467–468, 470, 471
Tuyen, Tran Kim, 131, 140, 149
Tweedy, Bronson, 366, 400
U-2 spy plane, 176, 177, 178, 333, 389, 444
Udorn Air Base, 240
Uganda, 458
Ultra decryption project, 104, 385–386
U-Minh Battalion, 164
Unger, Leonard, 261
Unilateral officers, 128
Union of the Lao Races (radio station), 229
United Kingdom. See Britain
United Nations, 198, 465, 466, 469
United Press International (UPI), 187, 254
United States Information Service (USIS), 112–113, 206
United States Intelligence Board, 356
United States Vietnam Training Center, 285–286, 300
University of Minnesota, 11
Urban riots, 340–341
US Agency of International Development (USAID), 127, 128, 140, 159, 161, 191, 235–236, 254, 255, 261, 285, 300, 305, 324, 331
US Air Force, 142, 157, 163, 204, 231, 233, 239, 271, 310
US Army, 118, 150, 157, 158, 316, 439
Airborne Division, 29, 211
Americal Division, 316
Cavalry, 49, 211, 304
Corps of Engineers, 303
First Army group, 50
Infantry, 13, 14, 15, 49, 115, 303, 304
Peacekeeping Institute, 143
Rangers, 143, 254
Special Forces Division, 143
Third Army group, 41, 48, 49, 154
Twelfth Army group, 48
See also US Special Forces
US Army Command and General Staff College, 254
US Congress, 6, 253, 271, 273–274, 309, 334, 335, 371–372, 404, 411, 426, 476
Appropriations Committee, 175
Armed Services Committee, 175, 413
Church subcommittee, 392
General Accounting Office, 447
Intelligence Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee (Nedzi Committee), 357, 363, 393–394, 397, 440
House Committee on Government Operations, 331–332
House Foreign Affairs Committee, 394
House Select Committee on Intelligence (Pike Committee), 415, 442, 445–446, 447–448, 449–451, 454, 458–459, 460–461, 462
House Subcommittee on Government Information and Individual Rights, 442–443
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 79
Ninety-fourth, 413
oversight of the CIA, issue over, 363, 415
Senate Appropriations Committee, 413
Senate Armed Services Committee, 365, 393, 413
Senate Foreign Relations Committee (Fulbright Committee), 166, 316, 332, 363, 377, 378, 392, 393, 397, 442
Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Church Committee), 414, 415, 417, 439, 440–441, 443, 444, 445, 451, 452–453, 454, 456–458, 461, 462
Senate Special Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (Watergate Committee), 353, 364
Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs, 393
See also specific senators, house representatives, and acts of Congress
US Constitution, 85, 196, 392, 399, 440, 447
US Department of Defense (DOD; Pentagon), 73, 136, 150, 174, 178, 180, 181, 198, 203, 230, 233, 240, 241, 245, 248, 253, 263, 282, 335, 337, 361, 373, 379, 387, 468
US Department of Justice, 6, 345, 352, 398, 410, 411, 416, 453
US Department of State, 70, 72, 85, 111, 133, 145, 146, 185, 186, 187, 219, 227, 231, 238, 249, 260, 261, 266, 285, 300, 305, 322, 334, 337, 382, 431, 450
US Foreign Service, 89, 98, 213
US Forest Service, 231
US Information Service (USIS), 235–236, 248, 261, 300, 301, 311
US Intelligence Board, 391
US Marines, 66, 204, 208, 210, 211, 230, 263, 430, 432, 433
US military, 49, 143, 210, 239, 247, 263, 282, 302
all-black division of, 13, 115
committing regular units to South Vietnam, 151, 227, 230, 235
placed on DefCon 3 status, 383
withdrawal from South Vietnam, 309–310, 326, 422, 423
See also specific commanders and branches of the military
US Mission Council, 209, 421
US Mission in Vietnam, 127, 131, 136, 137, 138–139, 140, 141, 150, 157, 159, 179, 187, 197, 202, 221, 235, 256, 261, 262, 282, 283, 287, 317, 321, 325, 326, 327–328, 329, 423
US Navy, 155, 230, 231, 233, 310, 384, 388, 404
Construction Battalion (Seabee), 165, 248, 303
SEALS, 145, 157, 251, 288, 311, 312, 313, 332
US Pacific Command (CINCPAC), 127, 180
US Special Forces (Green Berets), 143–144, 157, 160, 161, 162, 165, 179, 180, 207, 231, 232, 239, 241, 242, 248, 441, 473
US Supreme Court, 23, 82
USS Maddox, 205
Van, Phan Thanh, 148
Vance, Cyrus, 474
Vann, John Paul, 250, 252, 254–256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 285, 290–293, 298, 301–302, 303–304, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 327, 328, 329, 345–346
Vanoni, Ezio, 110
Vanoni Plan, 110
Vatican, 97, 99, 104, 182
Venona US-UK operation, 107
Versailles Treaty, 24
Veterans of Future Wars, 25
Viaux, Roberto, 337–338
Vichy French, 118
Vien, Cao Van, 298
Viet Cong (VC), 136, 180, 195, 201, 248–249, 250, 251, 256, 259, 260, 266, 268, 270–271, 283, 284, 285, 300, 301, 303–304, 317, 325, 434
ARVN and, 159, 172, 178, 181, 209, 210, 309
CIDGs and, 162, 163, 179
famous battalion of, 164
hotbeds of, 206, 207
as omnipresent, 279
PAT program and, 208, 209
penetrating civil and military bureaucracies, 252
position paper on, 256
Rhade tribe and, 156, 157, 161, 163
Rural Development Cadre and, 252, 265, 270, 302
Strategic Hamlet Program and, 168, 197
tactics of, roots of, 255
terrorism campaign by, 161, 163
US air base attacked by, 210
US embassy attacked by, 282–283
villages ruled by, 252
withdrawal of, to underground tunnels, 327
See also National Liberation Front
Viet Cong Infrastructure (VCI), 287, 288–289, 310, 312, 315, 327
Viet Minh, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 125, 134, 135–136, 144, 157, 168, 169, 201, 208, 218, 233, 250, 2
52, 320, 476
Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD), 128, 136, 208
Vietnam, 5, 94, 136, 142, 144, 153, 173–174, 196, 217, 353, 355, 370, 409, 410, 412, 472
background on, 116
Chinese and French approach to, 128
CIA collaborating with the French in, 93
demilitarized zone, 133, 294, 345
dividing of, 116–117, 155, 205
escalating US military involvement in, 213
Geneva Accords and, 116–117
Japan and, 116, 118–119
language of, learning, 285–286, 300
nationalist parties of, 128
nationwide elections for, 131–132
need for a new political identity in, 130–131
physical environment of, described, 132
postcolonial, rural population of, 250
two CIA stations in, 93, 117, 125
See also Cambodia; Counterinsurgency and pacification in Vietnam; Laos; North Vietnam; South Vietnam; US Mission in Vietnam
Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 395
Vietnam War opposition. See Antiwar movement
Vietnam wars. See First Indochinese War; Second Indochinese War
Vietnamese Air Transport Command, 139
Vietnamese Communist Party. See Lao Dong
Vietnamese Nationalist Party. See Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang
Vietnamization, 253, 309, 311, 317, 325, 326, 327–328
Village Voice, 389, 461
Villebois, Roger (pseudonym Louis Giry), 39, 41, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 125
Vital Center, The (Schlesinger), 114
V-J Day, 119
Voice of America, 86, 273, 334
Wagner, Karl, 348–349
Walker, Jenonne, 372, 373, 374, 377–378, 386, 391, 403, 418, 455, 475, 476
Wallace, Henry, 75
Wallace, Mike, 273
Walsh, Mike, 313
Walsh, Sharon, 2
Walters, Barbara, 399, 454
Walters, Vernon, 348, 350, 351, 352, 362, 365, 443, 456
War Department, 67, 70, 85
War Powers Act, 429
Warner, John, 410, 440
Warnke, Paul, 295
Warren Commission, 412
Warsaw Pact, 111
Wartime intelligence and espionage activities, history of, 69–70
Washington, George, 69
Washington Post, 273, 275, 327, 354, 364, 391, 405, 414, 451, 460, 461, 462, 469, 471, 472
Washington Star, 420, 465
Watergate, 346–349, 350–353, 358, 359, 361, 362, 363–364, 365, 370, 376, 377, 381, 382, 392, 397, 404, 406, 412, 416, 419, 442, 451, 456, 461
Weathermen faction, 342
Welch, Richard S., 459–460
West Germany, 93, 101, 111, 112, 119, 176
West, Samuel, 69
Westmoreland, William, 202, 209, 210, 211, 239, 244–245, 247, 248, 256, 257, 258, 264, 266, 267, 282, 284, 292, 294, 297, 299, 304, 346
Weyler, Valeriano, 152
White Lotus Society, 17
Whitlam, Gough, 472–473
Whittemore, Reed, 103, 104
Wick, William, 104
Wicker, Tom, 397, 452–453
Wilderness of Mirrors (Martin), 471
Wilhelm, Kaiser, 430
Williams, Samuel “Hanging Sam,” 127, 128, 136, 150, 158
Wills, Frank, 347
Wilson, Edwin P., 473
Wilson, Jasper, 249
Wilson, Wilbur, 292
Wilson, Woodrow, 18–19, 22, 23, 24, 322
Wise, David, 339, 365, 392, 395
Wise, Joseph “Carroll,” 2, 4
Wisner, Frank, 74, 80, 83, 85, 90, 91, 110, 111, 112, 178, 274, 340
Woodward, Bob, 364
World Bank, 282
World War I, 12, 15, 24, 25, 31, 32, 40, 70, 395
World War II, 1, 26, 31, 65, 76, 82, 86, 90, 92, 108, 116, 145, 205, 208, 214, 217, 227, 232, 238, 242, 395
code-breaking during, 104, 107, 385–386, 388
surrenders ending, 62, 66
See also specific countries, organizations, events, and people involved in the war
World War III, possibility of, 111, 112, 395
Worldview, 470
Wright, Peter, 403
X-2, 104, 107
Yalta Accords, 71
Yarborough, William, 143
Yom Kippur War, 381–382, 383, 386, 400, 447
Young, David, 343
Young, Steve, 324–325
Yugoslavia, 96
Zellerbach, James David, 113
Zionists, 105
Zone D, 207