Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt
Page 60
33 Balsan, Glitter, p. 84.
34 G. Cornwallis-West to WSC, 5 October 1904, CHAR 28/37/32, CA.
35 P. Lytton to WSC, 14 September 1907, CHAR 1/66/27, CA.
36 Balsan, Glitter, p. 84.
37 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 86–7 passim.
38 J. Mordaunt Crook, The Rise of the Nouveaux Riches: Style and Status in Victorian and Edwardian Architecture (London: John Murray, 1999), p. 67.
39 Quoted in Rowse, Churchills, p. 280.
40 Rowse, Churchills, pp. 247–8.
41 Lord Knollys to 9th Duke, 10 August 1896, Social Letters, LCW.
42 Lord Knollys to 9th Duke, 21 August 1896, Social Letters, LCW.
43 Lady Randolph Churchill to WSC, 13 November 1896, CHAR 1/8/72, CA.
44 Quoted in Balsan, Glitter, p. 92.
45 Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 28 November 1896.
46 Balsan, Glitter, p. 93.
47 Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 28 November 1896.
48 Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 28 November 1896.
49 Fowler, Blenheim, pp. 201–2.
50 Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 5 December 1896.
51 Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 5 December 1896.
52 Horne, ‘Blenheim Fifty Years Ago’, p. 327.
53 Town Topics, 3 December 1896.
54 See letter from Sir Arthur Ellis (equerry) to 9th Duke, 30 November 1896, Social Letters, LCW.
55 Balsan, Glitter, p. 92.
56 Balsan, Glitter, p. 94.
57 Lady Randolph Churchill to WSC, 27 November 1896, CHAR 1/8/75, CA.
58 WSC to Lady Randolph Churchill from Calcutta, 23 December 1896, CHAR 1/22/37, CA
59 Horne, ‘Blenheim Fifty Years Ago’, p. 327.
60 Balsan, Glitter, p. 94.
61 Lady Randolph Churchill at Blenheim to WSC in India, 24 December 1896, CHAR 1/8/81–82, CA.
62 Balsan, Glitter, p. 95. According to Gerald Horne, the Duke and Duchess took fewer staff to Melton Mowbray: the groom of the chambers, two footmen, three housemaids, three kitchen staff, an ‘oddman’, himself, the stud groom, a second horse-man and stable helpers. Everyone, including the horses, travelled by special train; Horne, ‘Fifty Years Ago: Memoirs of Gentleman’s Service’, in Country Life, p. 328.
63 Balsan, Glitter, p. 95.
64 From the autobiography of Jean Worth, quoted in S. Murphy, The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1984), p. 63.
65 Town Topics, 22 April 1897.
66 Lady Randolph Churchill to WSC, 21 September 1897, CHAR 1/8/107, CA.
67 Horne, ‘Blenheim Fifty Years Ago’, p. 328.
68 Balsan, Glitter, p. 98.
69 Balsan, Glitter, p. 98.
70 Balsan, Glitter, p. 98.
71 Balsan, Glitter, p. 66.
72 G. Cornwallis-West, Edwardian Hey-days (London and New York: Putnam, 1930), p. 128.
73 Balsan, Glitter, p. 104.
74 Balsan, Glitter, p. 102.
75 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 103–4 passim.
76 Lord Lansdowne to 9th Duke, C.15 August 1895, LCW.
77 WSC to 9th Duke, 26 January 1899, CHAR 28/26/23, CA.
78 Princess Daisy of Pless, From My Private Diary (London: John Murray, 1931), p. 47.
79 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 88–9.
80 Balsan, Glitter, p. 133.
81 Cannadine, Aspects, p. 77.
82 Balsan, Glitter, p. 107.
83 Balsan, Glitter, p. 122.
84 Quoted in D. Stuart, Dear Duchess: Millicent Duchess of Sutherland 1867–1955 (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1982), p. 97.
85 Balsan, Glitter, p. 124.
86 Quoted in Stuart, Dear Duchess, p. 98.
87 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 125–26 passim.
88 Balsan, Glitter, p. 132.
89 Balsan, Glitter, p. 132.
90 Cannadine, Aspects, p. 82.
91 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 138–9.
92 Cannadine, Aspects, p. 86.
93 Balsan, Glitter, p. 139.
94 Mary Curzon to Lady Randolph Churchill, 18 May 1903, quoted in Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, pp. 277–8.
95 Quoted in Cannadine, Aspects, p. 87.
96 Balsan, Glitter, p. 140.
97 Quoted in Cannadine, Aspects, p. 88.
98 Quoted in Cannadine, Aspects, p. 89.
99 Quoted in Cannadine, Aspects, p. 90.
7 DIFFICULTIES
1 C to Cass Canfield at Harper & Brothers, 27 July 1952, HRP.
2 ‘The Widow on the Marlborough Case’, Town Topics, 8 November 1906.
3 Balsan, Glitter, p. 50.
4 Balsan, Glitter, p. 60.
5 Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 47.
6 Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 47.
7 Balsan, Glitter, p. 148.
8 9th Duke to WSC, CHAR 1/57/25, CA.
9 Balsan, Glitter, p. 119.
10 Balsan, Glitter, p. 109.
11 Balsan, Glitter, p. 100.
12 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 104–5 passim.
13 Balsan, Glitter, p. 105.
14 Balsan, Glitter, p. 106.
15 Balsan, Glitter, p. 113.
16 Town Topics, 4 January 1900.
17 Town Topics, 1 November 1906.
18 W. S. Churchill, My Early Life: A Roving Commission (London: Mandarin, Octopus, 1990; first published London: Thornton Butterworth, 1930), pp. 365–6.
19 Balsan, Glitter, p. 108.
20 Town Topics, 3 January 1901.
21 Balsan, Glitter, p. 107.
22 Town Topics, 3 January 1901.
23 The New York Times, 22 April 1901.
24 The New York Times, 22 April 1901.
25 Balsan, Glitter, p. 98.
26 Vickers, Gladys, p. 41. Hugo Vickers is clear that Consuelo and Gladys never met in Newport for Consuelo spent much time in Europe and Gladys was away at boarding school.
27 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 54.
28 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 61.
29 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 66.
30 9th Duke to GD from Harrogate, August 1901, GDP.
31 Balsan, Glitter, p. 116.
32 C to GD, probably January 1902, GDP.
33 C to GD, October 1901, GDP.
34 C to GD, probably January 1902, GDP.
35 C to GD, October 1901, GDP.
36 C to GD, October 1901, GDP.
37 9th Duke to GD, undated letter from Warwick House, GDP.
38 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 74.
39 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 111.
40 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 75.
41 Balsan, Glitter, p. 142.
42 Town Topics, 25 February 1904.
43 Balsan, Glitter, p. 144.
44 Balsan, Glitter, p. 144.
45 Daisy of Pless, My Private Diary, p. 69.
46 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 81.
47 Vickers, Gladys, p. 83.
48 Vickers, Gladys, p. 83.
49 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, pp. 85–6.
50 Alfred Lyttleton to 9th Duke, 17 December 1905, Marlborough Papers, LCW.
51 Daisy of Pless, My Private Diary, p. 129.
52 Balsan, Glitter, p. 135.
53 Quoted in E. Kehoe, Fortune’s Daughters (London: Atlantic Books, 2004), p. 211.
54 Town Topics, 2 June 1904.
55 Quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 92.
56 C to GD from Sunderland House, 13 July 1904, GDP.
57 9th Duke to GD from Sunderland House, 13 July 1904, GDP.
58 9th Duke to GD, second letter, from Sunderland House, 13 July, GDP.
59 Town Topics, 5 October 1905.
60 Town Topics, 1 November 1906.
61 Balsan, Glitter, p. 146.
62 Balsan, Glitter, p. 146.
63 Balsan, Glitter, p. 109.
64 Cannadine, Decline and Fall, p. 189.
65 Balsan, Glitter, p. 136.
66 Quoted in Anne de Courcy, Circe: The Life of Edith, Marchioness of Londonderry (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992), pp
. 73–4.
67 de Courcy, Circe, p. 74.
68 P. Craigie to Rev. W. Brown, 6 May 1906, Pearl Craigie Papers.
69 WSC to Lady Randolph Churchill, 13 October 1906, CHAR 28/27/63, CA.
70 Lady Randolph Churchill to WSC, 16 October 1906, CHAR 28/78/44, CA.
71 George Cornwallis-West to WSC, 20 October 1906, CHAR 1/57/7, CA.
72 George Cornwallis-West to WSC, 20 October 1906, CHAR 1/57/7, CA.
73 Quoted in Friedman, Gertrude Vanderbilt, p. 229. William Kissam Vanderbilt remarried in 1903. His second wife was Anne Harriman Sands Rutherfurd, daughter of Oliver Harriman and twice widowed. Her first husband was Samuel S. Sands and her second was Lewis Morris Rutherfurd, Winthrop’s brother. Consuelo was very fond of her stepmother with whom she shared an interest in philanthropy. ‘Visits to my father were particularly pleasant, for I rejoiced in the happiness he had found in his second marriage. My stepfather had a gay and gentle nature,’ she wrote. From the time of their marriage, William K. and his second wife spent much time in France, where he became an important figure in French horse racing, acquiring a racing stable at Poissy.
74 Quoted in Friedman, Gertrude Vanderbilt, p. 230.
75 George Cornwallis-West to WSC, 21 October 1906, CHAR 1/57/9, CA.
76 Lady Randolph Churchill to C, 2 November 1906, CHAR 28/78/45, CA.
77 9th Duke to WSC, CHAR 1/57/27, CA.
78 Quoted in Friedman, Gertrude Vanderbilt, p. 230.
79 Hugh Cecil to WSC, undated, October 1906, CHAR 1/57/18, CA.
80 Hugh Cecil to WSC, 31 October 1906, CHAR 1/57/19, CA.
81 9th Duke to WSC, CHAR 1/57/22, CA.
82 Ivor Guest to WSC, CHAR 1/57/51, CA.
83 WSC to 9th Duke, 4 January 1907 CHAR 1/65/1, CA.
84 WSC to 9th Duke, 4 January 1907, CHAR 1/65/1, CA.
85 9th Duke to WSC, 31 January 1907, CHAR 1/65/8, CA.
86 Town Topics, 1 November 1906.
87 Daisy of Pless, My Private Diary, p. 207.
8 PHILANTHROPY, POLITICS AND POWER
1 Theodore Roosevelt to Whitelaw Reid, 27 November 1906, quoted in Vickers, Gladys, p. 108.
2 Lady Fortescue, There’s Rosemary (London: Black Swan, Transworld, 1993; first published London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1939), pp. 69–70.
3 The Times, Friday 29 June 1906.
4 John Bull, 5 December 1908, CAP.
5 Leicester Mercury, 3 December, year unknown, CAP.
6 Press cutting, no source, CAP.
7 Balsan, Glitter, p. 149.
8 Balsan, Glitter, pp. 149–50.
9 K. D. McCarthy (ed.), Lady Bountiful Revisited: Women, Philanthropy and Power (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990), p. 1.
10 See, for example, F. Prochaska’s Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980) and P. Thane, ‘The Social, Economic and Political Status of Women’, in P. Johnson (ed.), Twentieth Century Britain: Economic, Social and Cultural Change (London: Longman, 1994).
11 Prochaska, Women and Philanthropy, p. 2.
12 The Duchess of Marlborough, ‘The Position of Women – III’, The North American Review, p. 352.
13 The New York Times, 8 March 1908.
14 Speech made by Winston Churchill, 11 October 1906.
15 The New York Times, 19 July 1908; New York Times, 15 November 1908.
16 Balsan, Glitter, p. 154.
17 Daisy of Pless, My Private Diary, p. 241.
18 Unidentified magazine clipping, one in a series by Dame Anna Neagle, CVBS.
19 The New York Times, 1 April 1908. Jacob Riis, author of the groundbreaking study of poverty in New York, How The Other Half Lives, was another guest speaker at this dinner.
20 New York Evening Journal, 1 April 1908.
21 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – I’, North American Review, Vol. 189, No. 1 (January 1909), p. 11.
22 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – I’, p. 15.
23 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – III’, North American Review, Vol. 189, No. 3, (March 1909), p. 3.
24 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – II’, North American Review, Vol. 189, No. 2 (February 1909), p. 189.
25 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – III’, p. 4.
26 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – III’, p. 8.
27 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Position of Women – III’, p. 9.
28 The New York Times, 5 November 1909.
29 ‘Consuela’s [sic] marriage’, Belmont Memoirs (Field).
30 Willie K. Vanderbilt Jr spent the early years of his marriage working in his father’s office at Grand Central Station, but he was equally interested in sailing and won the Lipton Cup in 1900 before turning his attention to motor racing and automobile development.
31 Turbeville and Auchincloss, Newport Remembered, p. 82.
32 E. Drexel Lehr, King Lehr and the Gilded Age (London: Constable & Co., 1935), pp. 134–7 passim.
33 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 41.
34 Turbeville and Auchincloss, Newport Remembered, p. 36.
35 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, pp. 210–12 passim.
36 Town Topics, 10 June 1897.
37 Logan, Robber Barons, p. 164.
38 Town Topics, 19 March 1908.
39 Town Topics, 29 September 1904.
40 Belmont Memoirs (Young), p. 162.
41 The New York Times, 8 January 1944.
42 Town Topics, 18 July 1907.
43 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, pp. 108–9.
44 See Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, pp. 43–4.
45 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 133.
46 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 134.
47 Town Topics, 3 September 1908.
48 Belmont Memoirs (Field), ‘My Second Marriage’, quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 66.
49 Letter from Alva Belmont to August Belmont, 8 July 1908, Belmont Papers.
50 18 June 1908, Gilmour, Notebooks.
51 Belmont Memoirs (Young), p. 167.
52 Town Topics, 9 July 1908.
53 Town Topics, 3 September 1908.
54 Town Topics, 3 September 1908.
55 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 78.
56 Mrs O. H. P. Belmont, ‘Why I am a Suffragist’, World Today, Vol. XXI (October 1911), p. 1172.
57 Quoted in Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 159.
58 Alva to SBF after Field’s son had been killed in a car accident, 5 January 1919, CESWP.
59 Belmont, ‘Why I am a Suffragist’, p. 1172.
60 Belmont, “Why I am a Suffragist’, p. 1172.
61 Belmont, ‘Why I am a Suffragist’, p. 1172.
62 Town Topics, 26 August 1909.
63 New York Mail and Express, 26 August 1909.
64 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 208.
65 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 206.
66 Alva Belmont, ‘Autobiographical Note’, DSUP, pp. 2–3.
67 Belmont, ‘Autobiographical Note’, pp. 1–4 passim.
68 Figures quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 84.
69 Belmont, ‘Autobiographical Note’, p. 8.
70 New York City Evening World, 25 August 1909.
71 New York Evening Sun, 24 August 1909.
72 Town Topics, 5 August 1909.
73 World, 24 August 1909.
74 New York Evening Sun, 24 August 1909.
75 Spectator, 3 September 1909.
76 Town Topics, 26 August 1909.
77 World, 25 August 1909.
78 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 208.
79 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, pp. 209–10.
80 New York Herald, 25 August 1909.
81 Drexel Lehr, King Lehr, p. 210.
9 OLD TRICKS
1 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 140.
2 See Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 155.
3 New York Evening World, 24 January 1911.
4 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 129.
5 Washington Times, 30 September 1909.
6 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 181.
7 New York Sun, 17 September 1910.
8 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 181.
9 See Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 182.
10 ‘Autobiographical Note’, DSUP, p. 13.
11 New York Journal, 24 December 1910.
12 Washington Post, 19 June 1909; World, 16 June 1909.
13 New York Evening Journal, 25 June 1909.
14 ‘Autobiographical Note’, DSUP, p.10.
15 New York Sun, 18 September 1909.
16 ‘Autobiographical Note’, DSUP, p. 2.
17 ‘Autobiographical Note’, DSUP, pp. 12–3.
18 The Woman’s Journal, 24 August 1910.
19 Daily Mirror, 12 June 1910; New York Evening Post, 16 July 1910.
20 New York Mail, 13 May 1911; Los Angeles Record, 19 May 1911.
21 New York Tribune, 22 June 1911.
22 New York American, 23 June 1911.
23 Quoted in Geidel, ‘Forgotten Feminist’, p. 207.
24 New York Herald, 5 November 1911.
25 New York Press, 7 January 1912.
26 Jacksonville Times, 18 February 1912.
27 New York Press, 7 January 1912.
28 Memo on Elsa Maxwell, DSUP, p. 14.
29 The New York Times, 9 July 1911.
30 Chicago Tribune, 9 June 1912.
31 Balsan, Glitter, p. 170.
32 Balsan, Glitter, p. 156.
33 M. J. Tuke, A History of Bedford College for Women, 1849–1937 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939), p. 213.
34 Tuke, Bedford College, p. 213.
35 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Hostels for Women’, in The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol IX (January-June 1911), p. 866.
36 Duchess of Marlborough, ‘Hostels for Women’, p. 864.
37 E. Ross, ‘Good and Bad Mothers: Lady Philanthropists and London Housewives before the First World War’, in McCarthy (ed.), Lady Bountiful Revisited, p. 276.
38 The New York Times, 27 May 1913.
39 Editorial in the Daily Citizen quoted in The New York Times, 29 May 1913.
40 Mrs O’Sullivan, Woman’s Municipal Party: Formation and Work – A Statement, November 1913.
41 C to Marie Stopes, 7 October 1913, Stopes Papers, British Library, Add. 58682.
42 ‘Duchess Launches a Party’, The New York Times, 14 March 1914.
43 Quoted in Balsan, Glitter, p. 169.