Hezbollah
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Nasr, Vali, 291
Nasr al-Din, Ghazi, 343–44
Nasrallah, Ali, 318
Nasrallah, Hassan: and al-Manar television broadcasts, 332, 333
and AMIA bombing, 92
on arms procurement, 166
and Barakat, 83
Berro funeral attended by, 97
on Hezbollah in Bosnia, 149
and Jihad Council, 15
on July 2006 war with Israel, 358–59
and kidnappings, 38, 246
on law enforcement actions against Hezbollah, 6, 8
and marine barracks bombing, 31
and Mughniyeh, 29
on Mughniyeh’s death, 3, 5, 170
and radicalization of Hezbollah, 24
and Saudi Hezbollah, 186
and shadow war, 362
and Shura Council, 14
as Specially Designated Global Terrorists in US, 9
on Special Tribunal for Lebanon, 6
in Sudan, 271
on Syrian regime, 370
on Tannenbaum’s abduction, 222
terrorist operations involvement of, 10, 101
and Unit 3800, 297
on US occupation of Iraq, 300
on velayat-e faqih, 357
Nassar, Hassan, 323
Nassar, Karim, 323
al-Nasser, Abdel Karim, 192, 196, 201
Nasser, Kharib, 215
Nasser, Michael Youssef, 82
Nassour, Aziz, 263, 264
National Council of Iranian Resistance, 61
National Counterterrorism Center (US), 3
National Patriotic Front of Liberia, 263
National Security Council Counterterrorism Bureau (Israel), 246, 247, 367
National Security Decision Directive No. 221 (US), 104
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), 262
Netherlands: al-Manar banned in, 333
designation of Hezbollah as terrorist organization in, 10
Hezbollah designated terrorist group by, 6
kidnapping plots in, 246
Newman, Andrew Jonathan Charles, 210, 212
New York City, Hezbollah operations in, 150
New York Times on TWA flight 847 hijacking, 55
New Zealand, Islamic Resistance banned by, 8
Nezhad, Feirud Mehdi, 55
Nigeria: Iranian operations in, 265, 266
Lebanese diaspora in, 250
Shi’a population in, 265
Nimer, George, 369
9/11 Commission report, 199, 270, 272
Nisman, Alberto, 77, 78, 99, 108n15
Noble, Ronald, 272–73
North America, 146–80. See also Canada; United States
North Carolina sleeper cell. See Charlotte Hezbollah cell
Northern Valley Cartel, 105
Northwest Orient Airlines bombing (1985), 58
Norton, Augustus Richard, 19–20n78
Obeid, Abdel Karim, 225, 235
Obeid, Aqram, 220
Obeid, Diab, 218
Obeid, Hassan, 218
Obeid, Qais, 209, 218–26, 232
Office of Liberation Movements (Iran), 183
La Oficina de Envigado cartel, 105
Olsen, Matthew, 358, 369
Omairi, Farouk Abdul, 80, 91, 92, 94, 104
Operation Bathwater, 317, 319–21
Operation Camel, 80
Operation Cast Lead, 170
Operation Charge of the Knights, 291–92
Operation CoPlan Pink Poppy, 119–22
Operation Double Top, 102–3
Operation Green Ice, 104
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 290
Operation Kamikaze, 119
Operation Mountain Express, 324
Operation Radwan, 359, 362
Operation Sapphire, 201
Operation Smokescreen, 156–58, 166
Operation Titan, 105
OPM-SANG (Saudi Arabian National Guard training support mission), 190–91, 199
Oppressed on Earth, 34
organized crime, 248, 249
Orphaned Children Project Lebanon, 233
Ortega, Rodney Salazar, 135
Osama (operative), 133, 141n38
Oslo Accords, 210
Ossailly, Sammy, 263, 264
Ovayad, Malik, 361
Oveissi, Gholam Ali, 64
Pakistan: assassination campaign against Saudi officials in, 184
Hezbollah operations in, 288
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 11, 23, 51, 154
Palestinian Authority (PA), 210, 268, 333
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), 208–9, 334
Panama: airline bombing in, 102–3
drug trafficking in, 274
Pandu Yudhawinata: and Bangkok bombing attempt, 128–29
and Iran’s support network in Southeast Asia, 122–24
in Lebanon, 133
and Operation CoPlan Pink Poppy, 119–22
operations by, 129–31
recruitment of, 127
Paolo, James Sammy, 365
Paraguay: Barakat arrested in, 257
counterfeit tax stamps from, 323
Makki in, 150–51
sleeper cells in, 102
and tri-border area (TBA), 77
Parsa, Hossein, 90
Partisans of God (Ansar Allah), 102
Parvis, Amir, 64
passports, 4, 89, 121, 127, 129, 132, 168, 211, 341
Paulino, Nancy, 318
pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 33
Peres, Shimon, 369
Perry, William, 146, 149
Perry, Yaacov, 98
Petraeus, David, 290–91, 292, 303, 304
pharmaceuticals counterfeiting, 323–25
Philippines: arms trafficking in, 130
Hezbollah operations in, 123
and Operation CoPlan Pink Poppy, 118–22
Pickering, Thomas, 294
PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad), 208–9, 334
Piloto Turismo travel agency, 80, 91
pirated goods, 84
plastic explosives, 93, 118, 128, 182, 199, 210, 213–14
PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization
political asylum, 156
political campaigning, 5–8
Political Council (Hezbollah), 14
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 268
Power Express, 337
Prime Bank Limited, 259
prisoner exchanges, 5
Profeta Mahoma mosque (Paraguay), 79
propaganda, 14, 160, 168, 231, 269
Qabala radar station (Azerbaijan), 2
Qadhafi, Muammar, 263
Qaouq, Nabil, 166
al-Qassab, Mustafa, 189, 192, 196, 198, 200–201
Qassem, Naim, 8, 11–12, 14–15, 34, 372–73
Qods Force (Iran), 286–89
in Africa, 265
and AMIA bombing, 76, 89
Hezbollah’s coordination with, 9
and Hezbollah’s creation, 12
in Iraq, 285, 286, 296
and Mughniyeh, 30
proxy groups used by, 287
and Ramazan Corps, 291–96
and Saudi ambassador assassination plot, 107
Special External Operations Unit, 361, 363
Qomi, Hassan Kazemi, 289
Qubaysi, Abd al-Menhem, 256
Rabbani, Mohsen: and AMIA bombing, 76, 86–87, 89, 90, 96, 99
in Argentina, 79
diplomatic cover for, 80
and el-Reda, 86
and Israeli embassy bombing in Buenos Aires, 101
terror attacks planned by, 107
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970 (RICO), 319, 321
Radio al-Nour, 10
Radjavi, Kazem, 65
Radjavi, Masoud, 61
Radwan Operation, 5, 7
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, 235
Rafiqdust, Mohsen, 59
R
afsanjani, Akbar Hashemi: and AMIA bombing, 87
and Khobar Towers bombing, 200
and kidnappings, 34, 35
and Mykonos Restaurant attack, 66, 68
and Saudi Hezbollah, 185
and Southeast Asia support network, 122
Rahal, Walid, 135. See also al-Ful, Abu
Ram, Moshe, 254
Ramadan, Saleh, 189, 192, 195
Ramazan Corps, 291–96, 312n62
Randjbaran, Mohsen, 87
Ranstorp, Magnus, 33, 38, 60, 114n209, 215
Rassoul, Fazil, 64
Reagan, Ronald, 27, 104
recruitment: in Africa, 265–67
in Azerbaijan, 1, 2
coordination of, 14
in Denmark, 235
in Germany, 214
of Israeli Arabs, 232–37
in Malaysia, 214
in Saudi Arabia, 189
in Southeast Asia, 124–27, 131–32
of Sunnis, 131
in Syria, 185, 189
al-Reda, Samuel Salman, 7, 80, 85–86, 91–97, 99, 104
Regier, Frank, 147
remittances, 254–57
resistance-to-interrogation (R2I) training, 307
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 105, 273, 328
Revolutionary Justice Organization, 34
Revolutionary Organization for Liberation and Reform, 64
Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone), 262
Rhayel, Abbas, 67, 68
RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970), 319, 321
Riedel, Bruce, 201
Robberson, Tod, 147–49
Rodriguez, Hector, 151
Roed-Larsen, Terje, 7
Romania, Hezbollah operations in, 226–27
Roshan, Mostafa Ahmadi, 366
Roussos, Demis, 56
Rushdie, Salman, 65
Russia: diplomats kidnapped, 39–40
and Qabala radar station (Azerbaijan), 2
al-Ruwaili, Mohammad, 138, 139
Saab, Fuad (cover name), 37. See also Badreddine, Mustapha
Saade, Maroun, 274
al-Sabah, Jaber Ahmad, 41–42
Sabra, Ali Dakhil, 67
Sabra, Asad, 6
Saddam Hussein, 290
Sadr, Musa, 25
al-Sadr, Mohammad Baqr, 289
al-Sadr, Moqtada, 286, 294, 296, 297, 300
al-Sadr, Musa, 11–12
Saeed, Saleh Mohamed Taher, 329–30
Saendi, Boonserm, 117
Safa, Wafiq, 7
Safadi, Khaled T., 152
Safadi, Marwan, 103, 114–15n213, 152–53
Saffaf, Muhammad Habib Mansur, 288
Sahraroudi, Mohammad Jafari, 64
Sain, Silvina Gabriela, 86
Salah, Fouad Ali, 59, 60
Salahuddin, Dawud, 146, 147
Saleh Trading Limitada, 83
Salhab, Oussam, 274, 275
Sanchez, Gladys, 105
sanctions, 10, 152, 371–72
Santi Srithanakhan, 137
Sarmadi-Rad, Mohammad Ali, 88
Saudi Airlines Airbus hijacking (1994), 190
Saudi Arabia: attacks in, 190–92
and “Great Jewelry Caper,” 137–38
Hezbollah operations in, 288
surveillance operations in, 192–94
Thai foreign workers in, 137. See also Khobar Towers bombing (1996) Saudi Hezbollah
Saudi Arabian National Guard training support mission (OPM-SANG), 190–91, 199
Saudi Hezbollah, 136–39, 182–87, 287–88
al-Sayegh, Hani, 189, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201
Sayyeda Zeinab shrine, 185, 186, 189, 196
Schaeuble, Wolfgang, 215
Schneitman, Ofer, 219
Schwalier, Terryl J., 181, 191, 192, 195
Schwein, Rick, 157, 159
SCIRI. See Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
Secret Service (US), 318–19, 339
Security Council Resolutions: 1559, 11; 1701, 5
Segev, Gonen, 224
Senegal: Lebanese diaspora in, 249
remittances from, 256
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 358
shadow war, 354–79
and Hezbollah’s militant trajectory, 356–59
and Hezbollah’s vulnerabilities, 369–73
and Iran, 359–65
targets for, 365–69
al-Shahid Social Relief Institution, 233
Shahlai, Abdul Reza, 309, 310
Shahriari, Majid, 366
Shahriarifar, Hossein, 118
Shakuri, Gholam, 363
Shalom, Silvan, 223
Shamkhani, Ali, 12
Sharaa, Farouk, 197
Sharafkandi, Sadegh, 66, 67
Sharif, Abu, 66
Sharifi, Ahmed, 196, 199
Sharon, Ariel, 247
Shehimi, Musa Ali, 371
al-Shehri, Wail, 272
al-Shehri, Waleed, 272
al-Sheibani, Mustafa, 289, 296, 298
Shia Islamic Center (Venezuela), 344
Shi’a Muslims: in Africa, 249
in Argentina, 79
as Beirut International Airport employees, 52
in Charlotte, 157
and Fadlallah, 24, 26
Hezollah’s identification with, 8
in Iraq, 289, 290, 293–94
and kidnappings in Lebanon, 34
in Kuwait, 185, 287
in Lebanon, 11–12
in Saudi Arabia, 182–87
and velayat-e faqih, 9
Shihab, Sami, 7
Shihadeh, Ayman Kamel, 234, 235
Shohan, Faiz, 219, 220
Shuman, Jihad Aya Latif, 228, 230–32
Shura Council. See Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Council)
Sierra Leone: cover companies in, 258
diamond trade in, 261, 262
Hezbollah financing from, 261
Iranian operations in, 266
Lebanese diaspora in, 249, 260
Sigma Distribution, Inc., 320
Singapore, Hezbollah operations in, 126–27, 133–34
Siniora, Fouad, 27–28
Six Day War (1967), 218
Skaff, Riad, 329
sleeper cells: in Argentina, 85–86
coordination of, 85–86
smuggling: arms trafficking, 102, 121, 129, 130, 159, 163–66, 219, 267–69
cigarettes, 156–58, 321, 323–25
currency, 256–57
drug trafficking, 103, 104–6, 120, 218–19, 320, 372
explosives, 185, 205n101
Smyrek, Stephan Joseph, 214–18, 238n45, 239n53, 239n60
Soafrimex, 257
Solana, Javier, 268
Soleimani, Qassem, 289, 291–92, 300, 310, 361, 363
Soleimanpour, Hadi, 92, 93, 101
Somalia: Hezbollah in, 270
kidnapping plots in, 246
Lebanese diaspora in, 250
radicalization in, 269–70
South Africa: diamond trade in, 261
Hezbollah operations in, 367
South America: Hezbollah in, 78–80
Iran’s operations in, 106–7. See also specific countries
South Beef, 91
Southeast Asia: Iran’s support network for Hezbollah in, 122–24
operations in, 133–36
as recruitment and logistics hub, 131–32
Saudi Hezbollah in, 136–39. See also specific countries
South Lebanon Army (SLA), 156, 229
Soviet diplomat kidnappings, 39–40. See also Russia
Spain: al-Manar banned in, 333
El Descanso Restaurant bombing, 58
kidnapping plots in, 246
Special Air Service (SAS, UK), 307
Specially Designated Global Terrorists list (US), 7, 9, 27, 84, 168, 370
Special Security Apparatus (SSA). See Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)
Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), 6, 358, 362
State Department (US): on al-Manar television station, 333
AMIA bombing investigation by, 75
on diamond trade, 261, 262
Foreign Terrorist Organization list, 9
on Israeli embassy bombing in Buenos Aires, 100
on Middle East terror attacks, 54
on Soleimani, 292
on Sudan’s radicalization, 270
on tri-border area in South America, 79
Stavridis, James G., 105, 274
Stedman, John, 335
Steinitz, Mark, 343
Stethem, Robert, 50, 52, 53, 54–55, 82
sticky bombs, 366
stolen goods trafficking, 324, 339–40
Stuxnet virus, 366
Sudan: arms trafficking in, 268–69
Lebanese diaspora in, 250
Suggs, Clinton, 50, 52, 54–55
Suicide Brigade of Imam al-Sadr, 51
suicide vehicle bombs, 23
Sullivan, Dan, 318–19
Sultani, Rawi, 234
Sunni Muslims: in Africa, 269–72
recruitment of, 131
in Saudi Arabia, 183, 190
in Southeast Asia, 125, 139
in Syria, 371
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), 186, 289–91, 296, 299
Switzerland: and Air Afrique flight 56 hijacking, 252
Hezbollah operations in, 218
Iranian dissidents assassinated in, 64, 65
Mikdad in, 212
Syria: al-Qassab arrested in, 200
Hezbollah entering Iraq via, 298
Hezbollah support for Assad in, 10, 370–71
immigration to South America from, 78
Makki deported to, 149
Pandu in, 131
recruitment in, 185, 189
Tabatabai, Ali Akbar, 146–47
Tablebi, Ahmad Moradi, 64
Taif Accord (1989), 8, 43
Tajamu Ulama al-Hijaz, 183
Tajco Company LLC, 258
Tajideen, Ali, 258, 259
Tajideen, Hassan, 258
Tajideen, Husayn, 259
Tajideen, Kassim, 257, 258
Talabani, Jalal, 294, 304
Talavera, Ulises, 152, 153
Tan, Zainal Abedin, 132
Tanjil, Talib, 132, 135
Tannenbaum, Elhanan, 220–26, 241n117
Tanzania: diamond trade in, 261
kidnapping plots in, 246
Tarraf, Dani, 336–37, 338, 341
Tati clothing store bombing (France, 1986), 59
Tavakoli, Ali, 64
Tavakoli, Nader, 64
Tawee Sodsong, 138
tax stamp counterfeiting, 322, 323
Taylor, Charles, 261, 262, 263
Tefft, Bruce, 188, 196, 197
television broadcasting, 332–34. See also al-Manar
Telleldin, Carlos, 96
Tenet, George, 201–2, 270
terrorist training camps, 186, 189–90
Testrake, John, 49, 70n31
Thailand: al-Ful in, 123
arms trafficking in, 130
assassination campaign against Saudi officials in, 184
and “Great Jewelry Caper,” 137–38