Foundation
Page 51
So shall the world go on
To good malignant, to bad men benign,
Under her own weight groaning …
Now we look ahead to the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, encompassing the great reformation of religion in the sixteenth century. We may in the process be able to glimpse, and perhaps restore, the poetry of history.
THE END OF THE FIRST VOLUME
List of Illustrations
1. Stonehenge, from an illuminated manuscript (© akg-images/ British Library)
2. A silver relief of Cernunnos, the horned god of Iron Age worship (© akg-images/Erich Lessing)
3. A mosaic from the Roman villa at Bignor in West Sussex (© akg-images/Florian Monheim/Bildarchiv Monheim)
4. A stylized depiction of some protagonists in the Roman conquest of Britain (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
5. The helmet of a great Germanic overlord, from Sutton Hoo (© akg-images/British Museum)
6. A nineteenth-century print of a Saxon manor (© akg-images/ North Wind Picture Archives)
7. Saxon soldiers about to engage in battle (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
8. ‘Alfred in the Danish Camp’ (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
9. Aethelbert, the great king of Kent (© akg-images)
10. The Venerable Bede in his scriptorium (© akg-images/British Library)
11. The incipit of the Gospel of Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels (© akg-images/British Library)
12. A Viking ship (© akg-images/British Library)
13. An image of Ethelred, commonly known as ‘the unready’ or ‘the ill-advised’ © akg-images/British Library)
14. Edward the Confessor, king of England from 1042 to 1066 (© akg-images/British Library)
15. The Normans crossing the Channel for the invasion of 1066 (© Getty Images/Bibliothèque Nationale)
16. The death of Harold in battle, from the Bayeux Tapestry (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
17. A man wielding an axe, taken from Topographia Hibernica (© akg-images/British Library)
18. An image of man and dogs from the Luttrell Psalter (© akg-images/British Library)
19. A nineteenth-century woodcut of a medieval manor (© akg-images/North Wind Picture Archives)
20. An image of Matilda, de facto queen of England from March to November 1141 (© akg-images/British Library)
21. Henry II confronting Thomas Becket (©akg-images/British Library)
22. Richard I, more commonly known as ‘Richard the Lionheart’ (© akg-images/Erich Lessing)
23. ‘John Lackland’ on horseback (© akg-images/British Library)
24. The season of March as seen in The Bedford Book of Hours (© akg-images/British Library)
25. The varied labours of the agricultural year (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
26. The abbots, and monks, of a medieval monastery (© akg-images/ British Library)
27. The building of a monastery (© akg-images)
28. Edward I addressing one of his parliaments (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
29. A view of Harlech Castle (© IAM/akg-images)
30. Queen Isabella, errant wife of Edward II (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
31. The Black Death (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
32. A woman who has contracted leprosy (© akg-images/British Library)
33. A blood-letting (© akg-images/British Library)
34. The Battle of Crécy (© akg-images/British Library)
35. The tomb of the Black Prince (© akg-images/Erich Lessing)
36. The image of Richard II from the ‘Wilton Diptych’ (© akg-images /Erich Lessing)
37. A page from Wycliffe’s Bible (© IAM/akg-images)
38. The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral (© akg-images/Bildarchiv Monheim)
39. A scene from the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 (© akg-images/ British Library)
40. The coronation of Henry IV in Westminster Abbey (© IAM/ (akg-images)
41. The Battle of Agincourt (© akg-images/Bibliothèque Nationale)
42. The wedding of Henry V and Katherine of Valois (© akg-images /British Library)
43. Joan of Arc (© akg-images/Archives Nationales, Paris)
44. Henry VI in full martial array (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
45. The Warwick family tree, from John Rous of Warwick’s De Regius Angliae (© akg-images/British Library)
46. Edward IV (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
47. Elizabeth Woodville (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
48. Edward V (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
49. Richard III standing on a white boar (© Mary Evans Picture Library)
50. Elizabeth of York and Henry VII, from a nineteenth-century illustration (© Sarah, Countess of Essex/Getty Images)
51. An allegory of the Tudor dynasty (© akg-images/British Library)
Also by Peter Ackroyd
Fiction
The Canterbury Tales: A Retelling
The Trial of Elizabeth Cree
The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde
Chatterton
First Light
English Music
Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem
Milton in America
The Plato Papers
The Clerkenwell Tales
The Lambs of London
The Fall of Troy
The Casebook of Victor Frankenstein
Nonfiction
The Collection: Journalism, Reviews, Essays, Short Stories, Lectures
(edited by Thomas Wright)
London Under: The Secret History Beneath the Streets
Dressing Up: Transvestism and Drag: The History of an Obsession
London: The Biography
Albion: The Origins of the English Imagination
Thames: Sacred River
Venice: Pure City
T. S. Eliot
Dickens
Blake
The Life of Thomas More
Shakespeare
Chaucer
J. M. W. Turner
Newton
Poe: A Life Cut Short
Further reading
This is by no means an exhaustive list, but it represents a selection of those books I found most useful in the composition of this volume.
1: HYMNS OF STONE
Bradley, Richard: The Passage of Arms (Cambridge, 1990).
——An Archaeology of Natural Places (London, 2000).
Collis, John: The Celts (Stroud, 2003).
Cunliffe, Barry: Iron Age Communities in Britain (London, 1991).
——Facing the Ocean (Oxford, 2001).
Darvill, Timothy: Prehistoric Britain (London, 1987).
Harper, M. J.: The History of Britain Revealed (London, 2002).
Hawkes, Christopher and Jacquetta: Prehistoric Britain (London, 1943).
Hills, Catherine: Origins of the English (London, 2003).
James, Simon: The Atlantic Celts (London, 1999).
Mercer, Roger: Farming Practice in British Prehistory (Edinburgh, 1981).
Oppenheimer, Steven: The Origins of the British (London, 2006).
Pryor, Francis: Britain BC (London, 2003).
Slack, Paul and Ward, Ryk (eds): The Peopling of Britain (Oxford, 2002).
Stringer, Chris: Homo Britannicus (London, 2006).
2: THE ROMAN WAY
Arnold, C. J.: Roman Britain to Saxon England (London, 1984).
Burnham, B. C., and Johnson, H. B., (eds): Invasion and Response (Oxford, 1979).
Dark, Ken: Britain and the End of the Roman Empire (Stroud, 2002).
Faulkner, Neil: The Decline and Fall of Roman Britain (Stroud, 2004).
Frere, Sheppard: Britannia: A History of Roman Britain (London, 1967).
Millett, Martin: The Romanization of Britain (Cambridge, 1990).
Reece, Richard: My Roman Britain (Cirencester, 1988).
Salway, Peter: Roman Britain (Oxford, 1981).
——The Roman Era (Oxford
, 2002).
Todd, Malcolm (ed.): A Companion to Roman Britain (Oxford, 2004).
Webster, G.: The Roman Invasion of Britain (London, 1980).
3: CLIMATE CHANGE
Fox, Cyril: The Personality of Britain (Cardiff, 1938).
Jones, Martin and Dimbleby, Geoffrey (eds): The Environment of Man (Oxford, 1981).
Mackinder, H. J.: Britain and the British Seas (London, 1902).
Parry, M. L.: Climactic Change, Agriculture and Settlement (Folkestone, 1978).
Rackham, Oliver: The History of the Countryside (London, 1986).
4: SPEAR POINTS
Abels, R. P.: Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1988).
Arnold, C. J.: An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdom (London, 1988).
Blair, John: The Anglo-Saxon Age (Oxford, 1984).
——The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford, 2005).
Campbell, James (ed.): The Anglo-Saxons (London, 1982).
Chadwick, H. M.: The Origin of the English Nation (Cambridge, 1924).
Charles-Edwards, Thomas (ed.): After Rome (Oxford, 2003).
Higham, N. J.: Rome, Britain and the Anglo-Saxons (London, 1992).
——An English Empire (Manchester, 1995).
Hill, Paul: The Age of Athelstan (Stroud, 2004).
Hodges, Richard: The Anglo-Saxon Achievement (London, 1989).
Jackson, Kenneth: Language and History in Early Britain (Edinburgh, 1953).
Jolliffe, J. E. A.: Pre-Feudal England (Oxford, 1933).
Kirby, D. P.: The Making of Early England (London, 1967).
Loyn, H. R.: The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1984).
Morris, John: The Age of Arthur (London, 1973).
Myres, J. N. L.: The English Settlements (Oxford, 1986).
Pryor, Francis: Britain AD (London, 2005).
Randers-Pehrson, Justine Davis: Barbarians and Romans (London, 1983).
Reynolds, Andrew: Later Anglo-Saxon England (Stroud, 1999).
Stenton, F. M.: Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1971).
Tatlock, J. S. P.: The Legendary History of Britain (New York, 1974).
Thomas, Charles: Celtic Britain (London, 1986).
Wood, Michael: In Search of the Dark Ages (London, 1994).
5: THE BLOOD EAGLE
Cavill, Paul: Vikings (London, 2001).
Dark, K. R.: Civitas to Kingdom (London, 1994).
Davies, Wendy: From the Vikings to the Normans (Oxford, 2003).
Faith, Rosamond: The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship (London, 1997).
Foot, P. G., and Wilson, D. M.: The Viking Achievement (London, 1970).
Hadley D. M. and Richards, J. D. (eds): Cultures in Contact (Turnhout, 2000).
Loyn, H. R.: The Vikings in Britain (London, 1977).
Sawyer, P. H.: The Age of the Vikings (London, 1971).
Smyth A. P.: King Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1995).
Stafford, Pauline: Unification and Conquest (London, 1989).
Whitelock, Dorothy: The Beginnings of English Society (London 1952).
6: THE MEASURE OF THE KING
Poole, A. L.: From Domesday Book to Magna Carta (Oxford, 1955).
Harvey, Barbara: The Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries (Oxford, 2001).
Wormald, Patrick: The Making of English Law (Oxford, 1999).
7: THE COMING OF THE CONQUERORS
Barlow, Frank: Edward the Confessor (London, 1979).
——The English Church, 1000 – 1066 (London, 1979).
Brown, R. A.: The Normans and the Norman Conquest (London, 1969).
Clarke, P. A.: The English Nobility under Edward the Confessor (Oxford, 1994).
Fleming, Robin: Kings and Lords in Conquest England (Cambridge, 1991).
Garmonsway, G. M.: Canute and his Empire (London, 1964).
Lawson, M. K.: Cnut (Stroud, 2004).
——The Battle of Hastings (Stroud, 2007).
Loyn, H. R.: Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest (London, 1962).
McLynn, Frank: 1066 (London, 1998).
Walker, I. W.: Harold (Stroud, 1997).
Williams, Ann: Ethelred the Unready (London, 2003).
9: DEVILS AND WICKED MEN
Barlow, Frank: William Rufus (London, 1983).
Douglas, D. C.: The Norman Achievement (London, 1969).
——William the Conqueror (London, 1964).
Freeman, E. A.: A History of the Norman Conquest of England (Oxford, 1870 – 79).
——The Reign of William Rufus (Oxford, 1882).
——William the Conqueror (London, 1898).
Green, Judith: The Government of England under Henry I (Cambridge, 1986).
——The Aristocracy of Norman England (Cambridge, 1997).
——Henry I (Cambridge, 2006).
Hicks, Carola (ed.): England in the Eleventh Century (Stamford, 1992).
Hollister, C. W.: Henry I (London, 2001).
Maitland, F. W.: Domesday Book and Beyond (Cambridge, 1897).
Mason, Emma: William II (Stroud, 2005).
Rex, Peter: Hereward (Stroud, 2005).
——The English Resistance (Stroud, 2006).
Rowley, Trevor: The Norman Heritage (London, 1983).
Strickland, Matthew (ed.): Anglo-Norman Warfare (Woodbridge, 1992).
10: THE ROAD
Cox, R. H.: The Green Roads of England (London, 1914).
Gelling, Margaret: Signposts to the Past (London, 1978).
Hoskins, W. G.: The Making of the English Landscape (London, 1955).
Jusserand, J. J.: English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages (London, 1889).
11: THE LAW IS LOST
Appleby, J. T.: The Troubled Reign of King Stephen (London, 1969).
Brooke, Z. N.: The English Church and the Papacy (Cambridge, 1931).
Chibnall, Marjorie: The Empress Matilda (Oxford, 1991).
Cronne, H. A.: The Reign of Stephen (London, 1970).
Crouch, David: The Reign of King Stephen (London, 2000).
Holt, J. C.: Colonial England (London, 1997).
Matthew, Donald: King Stephen (London, 2002).
13: THE TURBULENT PRIEST
Amt, Emilie: The Accession of Henry II in England (Woodbridge, 1993).
Barber, Richard: Henry Plantagenet (Ipswich, 1964).
Barlow, Frank: Thomas Becket (London, 1986).
Bloch, Marc: Feudal Society (London, 1961 – 62).
Dark, Sidney: St Thomas of Canterbury (London, 1927).
Grary, H. L.: English Field Systems (London, 1959).
Hall, Hubert: Court Life under the Plantagenets (London, 1899).
Norgate, Kate: England under the Angevin Kings (London, 1887).
Pain, Nesta: The King and Becket (New York, 1964).
Roberts, B. K. :The Making of the English Village (London, 1987).
Salzman, L. F.: Henry II (London, 1917).
Vinogradoff, Paul: The Growth of the Manor (London, 1904).
——Villainage in England (Oxford, 1927).
Warren, W. L.: Henry II (London, 1973).
14: THE LOST VILLAGE
Beresford, Maurice: The Lost Villages of England (London, 1969).
Oswald, Alastair: Wharram Percy (York, 2004).
15: THE GREAT CHARTER
Appleby, J. T.: England without Richard (Ithaca, 1965).
Brundage, J. A.: Richard Lionheart (New York, 1974).
Church, S. D. (ed.): King John (Woodbridge, 1999).
Gillingham, John: Richard the Lionheart (London, 1978).
Holt, J. C.: The Northerners (Oxford, 1961).
——Magna Carta (Cambridge, 1992).
Jolliffe, J. E. A.: Angevin Kingship (London, 1956).
Turner, R. V.: King John (Stroud, 2005).
Warren, W. L.: The Governance of Norman and Angevin England (London, 1987).
——King John (Berkeley, 1961).
Wilkinson, Bertie: The High Middle Ages in England (Cambridge, 1978).
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br /> 16: CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
Harding, Alan: The Law Courts of Medieval England (London, 1973).