Elizabeth and Mary
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INDEX
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Aberdeen 238, 239, 241
Act of Association 478, 485
Adamson, Patrick 334
Alençon, François, Duc d’ (Monsieur) 432, 436–7, 439–42, 444–5
Alesius, Alexander 53, 55, 61, 62
Alva, Duke of 421
Amboise 164–8, 189, 191, 222, 246–7
Anjou, Duc d’, see Henri III, King of France
Anne Boleyn, Queen 53–6; appearance 59
charges against 57, 59–61, 63, 76, 91, 93
coronation 48
disputed legality of marriage 7, 51, 56, 57, 62, 76
downfall 59–60
execution 62
family of 52
as mother of Elizabeth xx, 49–50, 62, 76, 91
pregnancies 47–8, 55, 56–7
relationship with Catherine of Aragon 54, 56
relationship with Henry VIII 46–51, 53, 59
religious views 43, 46, 54–5
unpopularity 51, 53
Argyll, Countess of 324fn
Argyll, Earl of 250, 264, 279, 306, 322, 323, 345, 370, 376
Aristotle 22, 24, 127
Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of, see Châtelherault, Duke of
Arran, James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of 192, 298, 304
claim to Scottish throne 255
insanity 179, 249, 251
plot to kidnap Mary 249, 299
as prospective husband for Elizabeth 178–9, 194
in Protestant uprising 185
Arundel, Earl of 29, 143, 244–5
Ascham, Roger 81, 90, 117–20, 122, 123, 159
Ashley, Catherine 83, 86–9, 91, 93–6, 119, 195, 316
Ashridge 136, 143
Atholl, Earl of 277
Babington, Anthony 467, 470, 472
Babington Plot 467–70, 477, 480, 482–3, 488
Bacon, Francis 29
Baif, Jean de 12
Ballard, John 467–8
Barton, Elizabeth 49
Beale (Clerk of the Council) 493, 495
Beaton, David, Archbishop of Glasgow 69, 72, 300fn, 351, 357, 439, 446, 449, 469, 487
Beaton, Mary 98, 106–7, 219, 252 Bedford, Earl of 275, 276, 301–2, 308, 324, 327, 334–5, 338–40, 348, 364
Bedingheld, Sir Henry 145, 148
Bellièvre (French ambassador) 490
Berwick 301
Berwick, Treaty of 188
Black Saturday 77
Blackater, Capt. 363
Blount, Elizabeth 46
Boleyn family 52, 76
Bolton Castle 396
Bond of Association 457–8, 463, 466, 493
Border reivers 224, 28761, 340
Borthwick Castle 370
Bothwell, James Hepburn, 4th Earl of: attacked and injured 340
background 298
confederate lords rebel against 370–1
death in Danish prison 389fn
first marriage and divorce 345, 364, 367
hostility towards 249, 251, 340, 349, 356, 362
involvement in Arran’s kidnap plot 249, 250, 299
loyalty to Mary 308–9, 326, 329, 340
marriage to Mary 361, 363, 364–7
and Mary of Guise 250, 298
and murder of Darnley 337, 345, 351, 354, 356, 357
pretended abduction of Mary 362–5
Protestantism 250, 310
relationship with Mary 250–1, 298–302, 305, 340–1, 343, 348, 357, 361–2, 366–7, 371
&n
bsp; and safekeeping of James VI 369
show trial 359–61
treason charges 286, 302
Bothwell, Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of 219, 298
Boulogne 75, 76
Brantôme, Pierre de 208, 252
Breuner, Baron 170
Bryan, Lady Margaret 51
Buchanan, George 153–4, 241, 294, 397
Buckhurst, Lord 472, 491
Burghley, Lord, see Cecil, William Buxton 449, 460
Calais 5–6, 8, 25, 39, 133, 156–7, 237, 242, 247, 367, 502
Calvin, John 127, 207
Calvinism 3, 21, 101
Cambridge University 268
Camden, William 437, 463, 472; Annales Rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum … 17fn
on Armada 501–2
on Dudley and Elizabeth 174–5
on Elizabeth 17, 82, 156, 444, 452, 471
on Henri II 154
on Mary Stuart 26, 163, 495
on rivalry between two queens 230
Campion, Edmund 452–3
Capello (Venetian ambassador) 113
Carberry Hill 339fn, 370, 373, 377
Carey, George 399, 406
Carey, Henry 76
Carey, Robert 498
Carlisle Castle 390
Carlos, Don, Prince of Spain 107, 232–4, 244, 247, 253, 258, 261, 262
Castlenau, Baron de 166
Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty of 157, 163, 367
Catherine de Medici, Queen of France 102, 303, 365, 383
on Elizabeth 442
and Mary’s marriage 8
as mother 78, 104, 209
power of 99, 100, 109, 152, 160, 162, 164, 167, 186
as regent 206, 209–10, 232, 236, 237, 310, 318, 346
relations with husband 99–100
relations with Mary 104, 124, 160, 191, 208–10, 232, 262, 357, 374, 377, 423–4
role in wars of religion 21fn, 166, 431–2
superstitious nature 30, 162
Catherine Howard, Queen of England 67, 91
Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England 47
Anne Boleyn and 54
death of 55–6
disputed legality of marriage 24, 45
as mother of Mary I 44, 56, 118, 132
popularity of 47–8, 51
Catherine Parr, Queen of England 67, 75
death of 90–2
marriage to Seymour 15, 84–6, 88, 284
relations with Elizabeth 74, 83, 85, 87, 88–9, 109
religious views 86
Catholicism 292
in England 5, 7, 29, 132, 228, 347, 393, 411, 451–5, 458, 501
in France 13
in Scotland 286–7, 292, 310–11, 322
Cecil, Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury 359, 501, 502
Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley 7, 168, 224, 462
created Baron Burghley 420
desires Elizabeth’s marriage 41, 157, 173, 177, 179, 195–6, 228, 231, 244, 313–14
‘Discussion of the weighty Matter of Scotland’ 39, 182–3
on French influence in Scotland 158
ill health 349
and Leicester 176, 195–6, 201, 263, 313–16, 421
and Lennox 273–4, 279
and Mary Stuart 39, 158, 290, 378, 385, 406, 415, 426, 434, 450, 482, 491, 493, 497
‘Memorial’
on Elizabeth’s accession 155–6
as politician 275
relationship with Elizabeth 90, 142, 192, 358–9, 404, 497
and Scottish rebels 184–5, 187–8, 194, 376
as Secretary of State 127, 155, 163
and succession question 457
Cellini, Benvenuto 102
Chaloner, Sir Thomas 180
Chapuys, Eustace 50, 57, 68
Charles, Archduke 177, 179–80, 282–4, 312, 315, 317, 330, 334, 368
Charles, Duc d’Angoulême 52
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 50, 144, 146
Charles I, King of England 44
Charles IX, King of France 205, 247, 284fn, 317, 367, 374, 423, 433
Chartley manor 466, 467, 469, 471, 473
Chaseabout Raid 308, 327
Chastelard (courtier poet) 219, 251–2, 304, 326
Châtelherault, James Hamilton, Duke of 281, 385
anti-Bothwell 370
claim to Scottish throne 14fn, 255
disaffection of 291, 306
dukedom bestowed on 110
and Mary’s marriage negotiations 69–71
military campaigns 77
as regent 13
rivalry with Lennox 72–3, 274
Cheshunt 89
Cicero: De Officiis 120
Claude, Queen of France 45
Claude de Valois, Princess 31, 104, 108, 166
Clement VII, Pope 48
Coligny, Admiral 431
Condé, Prince of 163, 165
Congregation, Lords of the 184, 186, 250
Cooke, Mildred 350
Corrichie, Battle of 241
Courtenay, Edward, Earl of Devonshire 134
Coventry 412
Craig, Mr (preacher) 364
Craigmillar Castle 343, 345, 346
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 46, 62, 84
Croft, Sir James 143
Cromwell, Thomas 1, 46, 54, 59, 60
Curel, Mademoiselle 105
Curle (Mary’s secretary) 482–3
Darnley, Henry Stewart, Lord: appearance 253, 256, 273, 279
birth of son 335–6
character 288, 305, 310, 314, 319–20, 323, 336, 337–8
claim to English throne 155, 255, 257, 291, 339
conspiracy against 291, 322–3
and crown matrimonial 293, 305, 308, 320, 323, 324–5, 327, 339
at Elizabeth’s court 257, 273, 274, 291
honours bestowed on 289
illness 352
involvement with rebels 323–4, 332
marriage to Mary 293
murder of 153fn, 337, 338, 345, 349–52, 377, 397–8, 425
and murder of Riccio 323–9, 349
as prospective husband for Mary 253, 254, 256–7, 259, 267–8, 274, 276
relationship with Mary 279–80, 282, 285–6, 319–20, 323, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 400–1
religious views 256, 278
return to Scotland 274–5, 277–8, 281
as rogue male 339
unpopularity with Scottish nobles 279, 281–2
visits Mary in France 234
Davison, William 491, 493, 497, 499
De Brézé (French commander) 99
Dee, Dr John 30–1
De Foix (French ambassador) 254, 259, 267, 311, 315
Demosthenes 119–20
Denny, Sir Anthony 89
Derby, Earl of 344
Diane de Poitiers 8, 99–100, 104–5, 109, 124, 152, 160, 162
‘Discovery of a Gaping Gulph …’ (tract) 445
Donnington Castle 143
Douglas, George 384
Douglas, Will 384, 387
Drake, Sir Francis 464
Drury, Marshal of Berwick 367, 373, 378
Du Croc (French ambassador) 371
Dudley, Amy 182, 196–7, 200–1, 284, 354
Dudley, Lord Guildford 132
Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland and Earl of Warwick 84, 112, 132
Dudley, Lord Robert, see Leicester, Earl of Dumbarton 78, 98
Dumfries 309
Dunbar 184, 329, 357, 370
Dunblane, Bishop of 308
Dundrennan 387
Durham 411
Dymoke, Sir Edward 42
Edinburgh, Treaty of 157, 192, 193, 203, 217, 218, 224, 267
Edward VI, King of England 1, 15, 18
accession 84
birth and christening 67
coronation of 38
death 4, 132, 319
marriage contract 67, 69–71, 73, 77, 107
place in accession 74, 83
relations with Elizabeth 82
Seymour and 92
Elizabeth I, Queen of England:
APPEARANCE 7, 34–5, 40, 85, 159, 271
BIOGRAPHY: ageing process 440, 443
as baby 51–2, 56, 62, 63
birth 7, 43, 44, 49–50
childhood 70, 79
christening 50–1
death xvii, xxi
girlhood 15, 18, 75
ill health 90, 135–6, 147, 242–4, 257–8, 276–7, 332, 434
imprisonment 139–51, 382, 402
isolation from court 81–2, 117, 123, 135, 153
CHARACTER xx, xxiii, 17, 35, 125, 126, 150, 347
chauvinism 346, 429
common touch 27–8, 32–4, 39–40, 147, 347–8, 372, 461–2
emotions 82–3, 266, 297, 435
and female status xx, 23, 109, 127–31, 181, 198, 297, 367, 457, 485–6, 503
indecisiveness 29, 464, 473, 489, 491–2, 500
insecurity 19, 41, 74, 123, 138, 217, 226, 244, 405, 426, 440, 497, 500
loneliness 316, 383, 489, 497
self-discipline 198, 294
sense of humour 348
sexuality 91–2, 175
wisdom 82, 97
INTELLECT: diplomatic skills 18, 292, 297, 451
education 75, 79, 117–24, 127, 295
intelligence 23, 70, 236, 266
language skills 81, 159, 268
negotiating tactics 275, 281
poetry written by 148–9, 313, 317, 381–2, 443–4
prayers written by 130–1, 150, 258, 413, 433, 484
speeches 119–20, 122–3, 127, 128, 147, 150, 486, 503
tutors 90
MARRIAGE PROPOSALS AND NEGOTIATIONS 171–4, 176–9, 195–6, 230–1
with Archduke Charles 177, 179, 282–4, 312, 317, 368
with Arran 70, 194
with Arundel 29
with Duke of Savoy 144, 146
with Philip II 24
reluctance to marry xxi, 3, 18–19, 24, 29, 41, 91–2, 130–1, 146, 171, 177–8, 195, 202–3, 213, 225, 228–31, 283, 296, 312, 314, 368–9, 436
with Valois princes 52–3, 419–20, 432, 436–45
AS MONARCH 294, 296, 372, 379, 461–2, 486
accession 3, 20, 26–8, 112, 154–6
advisers 358–9, 404, 462–3, 501
claim to throne 4, 6–8, 19, 23, 25, 56, 84
coronation 30–1, 32–8, 39, 42
court of 29–30
disputed legitimacy 17, 19, 41, 62–3, 74, 129, 138, 154, 158, 311
plots against 419, 421–3, 435, 454–8, 461, 467–72, 493
popular appeal 7, 26–8, 32, 39–40, 139, 142, 145, 147, 197, 268, 462
princely qualities 198–9, 202, 213, 305, 355, 375, 404, 413–14, 423, 442–3
progresses 258, 268, 434, 461
reluctance to go to war 169, 187–8, 457, 464, 501
rivals for throne 155
succession xxi, 224–30, 235, 243–6, 257, 258, 262, 263–4, 267, 276, 282, 290, 334, 341, 375, 411, 416, 457