The CIA Doctors
Page 28
Likewise, a debate about whether Manchurian Candidates are “real” is meaningless. What matters is whether the Manchurian Candidate can escape detection and, if caught, whether the classified information he or she holds can be hidden from interrogators. Similarly, for the traumatized child, what matters is whether the multiple personality works as a way to cope with trauma, not whether it is literally real.
In the interests of national security, it is important that the CIA and military intelligence agencies have mind control programs in place. This is true, for one reason, because mind control methods are being used by leaders of destructive cults, dictators and terrorists. There is nothing wrong with the intelligence agencies seeking the assistance of physicians in such programs. The problem is the conflict between the National Security Act and the Hippocratic Oath.
To date, organized medicine has behaved as if this conflict does not exist. That needs to change. The doctors who create Manchurian Candidates need to be governed not just by the National Security Act, but also by the Hippocratic Oath. How this conflict should be resolved, and how it should be regulated by civilian, organized medicine, is uncertain The problem requires study and discussion. Whatever the outcome of such discussion, we will always need an effective, functioning intelligence community. The CIA stands between me and Gulag.
The Manchurian Candidate is fact, not fiction. The degree of control and coercive persuasion required to create a Manchurian Candidate sets the threshold for creation of iatrogenic multiple personality disorder at a high level.
Study of the Manchurian Candidate leads to the conclusion that creation of iatrogenic multiple personality requires much more control and influence than is possible in one or two hours of outpatient therapy per week. When the necessary degree of control and influence is missing, the causal pathway to multiple personality is more likely to be childhood abuse, childhood neglect, or factitious. The relevance of the Manchurian Candidate to clinical psychiatry is the light it sheds on pathway differentiation. That is one reason I have studied the Manchurian Candidate for thirteen years, despite attacks on me in medical journals79, 191, books213, and magazines3, and on CBC and BBC television.
There have been extensive human rights violations by American psychiatrists over the last 70 years. These doctors were paid by the American taxpayer through CIA and military contracts. It is past time for these abuses to stop, it is past time for a reckoning, and it is past time for individual doctors to be held accountable.
The Manchurian Candidate Programs are of much more than “historical” interest. ARTICHOKE, BLUEBIRD, MKULTRA and MKSEARCH are precursors of mind control programs that are operational in the twenty first century. Human rights violations by psychiatrists must be ongoing in programs like COPPER GREEN, the interrogation program at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. Such programs must be carried out within CIA units like Task Force 121 (The Dallas Morning News, December 1, 2004, p. 1A). Information pointing to ongoing human rights violations by psychiatrists is available in publications like The New Yorker (see article by Seymour M. Hersh, May 24, 2004). Yet the indifference, silence, denial, and disinformation of organized medicine and psychiatry continue. One purpose of The CIA Doctors: Human Rights Violations By American Psychiatrists is to break that silence.
IV. REFERENCES
SENATE HEARINGS AND GOVERNMENT REPORTS
Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1975. Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Labor and Public Welfare and the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session on Human-Use Experimentation Programs of the Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency.
Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by The Department of Defense, 1977. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources United States Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session on Examination of Serious Deficiencies in the Defense Department’s Efforts to Protect the Human Subjects of Drug Research.
Final Report. Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Pittsburgh: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995.
Human Drug Testing by the CIA, 1977. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session.
Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program of Research in Behavioral Modification. Hearings Before the Select Committee on Intelligence, and Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session, 1977.
Quality of Health Care - Human Experimentation, 1973. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session.
The Nelson Rockefeller Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities. New York: Manor Books, 1975.
BOOKS AND PAPERS
1. Abramson, H. The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 1960.
2. Abramson, H. The Use of LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967.
3. Acocella, J. The politics of hysteria. The New Yorker, April 6, 1998, 64-79.
4. Adey, W.R. Sensitivity of brain tissue to intrinsic and environmental oscillating fields. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 38, 547, 1975.
5. Adey, W.R., Bawin, S.M. (Eds.). Brain Interactions with Weak Electric and Magnetic Fields. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin, 15, 1-129, 1977.
6. Adey, W.R., Tokizane, T. (Eds.). Structure and Function of the Limbic System. New York, Elsevier, 1967.
7. Adey, W.R., Bell, F.R., & Dennis, B.J. Effects of LSD-25, psilocybin, and psilocin on temporal lobe EEG patterns and learned behavior in the cat. Neurology, 12, 591-602, 1962.
8. Adey, W.R., Porter, R., Walter, D.O., & Brown, T.S. Prolonged effects of LSD on EEG records during discriminative performance in cat: Evaluation by computer analysis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 18, 25-35, 1965.
9. Agee, P. Inside the Company. CIA Diary. New York: Bantam, 1975.
10. Allen, J.R., West, L.J. Flight from violence: Hippies and the green rebellion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 364-370, 1968.
11. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Editon. Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
12. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
13. Ames, A. Aniseikonic glasses. In F.P. Kilpatrick (Ed.), Explorations in Transactional Psychology (pp. 119-147. New York: New York University Press, 1961.
14. Andreasen, N.A. Daniel X. Freedman, M.D. 1921-1993. A Memoriam to a scientist in the service of the ill. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 799-801, 1994.
15. Anonymous. In Memoriam. Donald Ewen Cameron - 1901-1967. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 12, 475, 1967.
16. Author. Clues to biochemistry of schizophrenia: May lead to rational therapy of disease. Factor, December, 1959, pp. 8-9.
17. Azima, H. Sleep treatment in mental disorders. Diseases of the Nervous System, 19, 523-530, 1958.
18. Azima, H. Psilocybin disorganization. Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, 5, 184-198, 1962.
19. Azima, H., Cramer, F.J. Effects of partial perceptual isolation in mentally disturbed individuals. Diseases of the Nervous System, 17, 117-122, 1956.
20. Azima, H., Vispo, R.H. Imipramine: A potent new antidepressant compound. American Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 245-247, 1958.
21. Azima, H., Wittkower, E.D., & LaTendresse, J. Object relations therapy in schizophrenic states. American Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 60-62, 1958.
22. Azrin, N.H., Lindsley, O.R. The reinforcement of cooperation between children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51, 100-102, 1955.
24. Baldwin, M., Bach, S.A., & Lewis, S.A. Effects of radio-frequency energy on primate cerebral activity. Neurology, 10, 178-187, 1960.
25. Baldwin, M., Lewis, S.A., & Bach, S.A. The effects of lysergic acid after cerebral ablation. Neurology, 9, 469-474, 1959.
26. Bamford, J. The Puzzle Palace. Inside the National Security Agency, America’s Most Secret Intelligence Organization. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.
27. Barker, E.T., Buck, M.F. LSD in a coercive milieu therapy program. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 22, 311-314, 1977.
28. Barker, E.T., Mason, M.H. Buber behind bars. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 13, 61-72, 1968.
29. Barker, E.T., McLaughlin, A.J. The total encounter capsule. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 22, 355-360, 1977.
30. Barker, E.T., Mason, M.A., & Wilson, J. Defence-disrupting therapy. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 14, 355-359, 1969.
31. Bender, L. Children’s reactions to psychotomimetic drugs. In D.H. Efron (Ed.), Psychotomimetic Drugs, pp. 265-271. New York: Raven Press, 1970.
32. Bender, L., Faretra, G., & Cobronik, L. LSD and UML treatment of hospitalized disturbed children. Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, 5, 84-92, 1962.
33. Berkhout, J., Walter, D.O., & Adey, W.R. Autonomic responses during a replicable interrogation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 316-325, 1970.
34. Berlin, L., Guthrie, T., Weider, A., Goodell, H., & Wolff, H.G. Studies in human cerebral function: The effects of mescaline and lysergic acid on cerebral processes pertinent to creative activity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 122, 487-491, 1955.
35. Blake, A.F. To ‘sleep:’ perchance to kill? Providence Evening Bulletin, May 13, 1968.
36. Blum, W. The CIA. A Forgotten History. London: Zed Books, 1986.
37. Boslow, H.M., Kohlmeyer, W.A. The Maryland defective delinquency law: An eight-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 118-124, 1963.
38. Bowart, W. Operation Mind Control. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978.
39. Bower, T. The Paperclip Conspiracy. The Hunt for the Nazi Scientists. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1987.
40. Bradley, P.B., Elkes, J.B. A technique for recording the electrical activity of the brain in the conscious animal. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 5, 451-458, 1953.
41. Brauchi, J.T., West, L.J. Sleep deprivation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 171, 11-14, 1959.
42. Breutsch, W.L. Translation of Wagner-Jauregg, J. The history of the malaria treatment of general paralysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 231-234, 1994.
43. Brown, A.C. Wild Bill Donovan. The Last Hero. New York: Times Books, 1982.
44. Brussell, M. Why was Patty Hearst kidnapped? Paranoia Annual, 1, 97-112, 1974/1996.
45 Budiansky, S., Goode, E.E., & Gest, T. The cold war experiments. U.S. News and World Report, January 24, 1994, pp. 32-38.
46. Bursten, B., Delgado, J.M.R. Positive reinforcement induced by intracerebral stimulation in the monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 51, 6-10, 1958.
47. Cahill, B. New ‘personalities’ made to order. Montreal Gazette, June 18, 1956.
48. Cahill, B. Psychic driving: repeated statements may influence glands. Toronto Globe and Mail, October 31, 1956.
49. Cahill, B. “Two month sleep, shock new schizophrenic cure”, Montreal Gazette, September 2, 1957
50. Cameron, D.E. Red light therapy in schizophrenia. British Journal of Physical Medicine, 10, 11, 1936.
51. Cameron, D.E. Psychic driving. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 502-509, 1956.
52. Cameron, D.E. Production of differential amnesia as a factor in the treatment of schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1, 26-34, 1960.
53. Cameron, D.E., Lohrenz, J.G., & Handcock, K.A. The depatterning treatment of schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 3, 65-76, 1962.
54. Cameron, D.E., Levy, l., Ban, T., & Rubenstein, L. Repetition of verbal signals in therapy. In J.H. Masserman (Ed.), Current Psychiatric Therapies: 1961 (pp. 100-111). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1961.
55. Cameron, D.E., Levy, L., Rubenstein, L. & Malmo, R.B. Repetition of verbal signals: Behavioral and physiological changes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 985-991, 1959.
56. Case, R.G. Goodbye, Mr. Estabrooks! Syracuse Herald American, January 6, 1974.
57. Chess, S. Lauretta Bender, M.D. 1899-1987. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 436, 1995.
58. Chodoff, P., Mercer, E. A response to psychiatric abuse. In E. Stover, E.O. Nightingale (Eds.), The Breaking of Bodies and Minds. Torture, Psychiatric Abuse and the Health Professions (pp. 223-228). New York: W.H. Freeman, 1985.
59. Chorover, S.L. From Genesis to Genocide. The Meaning of Human Nature and the Power of Behavioral Control. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1979.
60. Clare, A. Medicine Betrayed. The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses. British Medical Association, London: Zed Books, 1992.
61. Cleghorn, R.A. D. Ewen Cameron, M.D. F.R.C.P. [C]. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 97, 984-985, 1967.
62. Cohen, B.D., Luby, E.D., Rosenbaum, G., & Gottlieb, J.S. Combined Sernyl and sensory deprivation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2, 345-348, 1961.
63. Cohen, B.D., Rosenbaum, G., Dobie, S.I., & Gottlieb, J.S. Sensory isolation: Hallucinogenic effects of a brief procedure. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 129, 486-491, 1959.
64. Cohen, B.D., Rosenbaum, G., Luby, E.D., & Gottlieb, J.S. Comparison of phencyclidine (Sernyl) with other drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 6, 395-401, 1962.
65. Collins, A. In The Sleep Room. The Story of CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada. Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1988.
66. Condon, R. The Manchurian Candidate. New York: Jove Books, 1959/1988.
67. Davis, E. Illusion-producing drug now on black market. Atlanta Journal, July 13, 1962.
68. Deckert, G.H., West, L.J. Hypnosis and experimental psychopathology. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 5, 256 276, 1963.
69. Delgado, J.M.R. Evaluation of permanent implantation of electrodes within the brain. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 7, 637-644, 1955.
70. Delgado, J.M.R. Electronic command of movement and behavior. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 21, 689-699, 1959.
71. Delgado, J.M.R. Prolonged stimulation of brain in awake monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 22, 458-475, 1959.
72. Delgado, J.M.R. Emotional behavior in animals and humans. Psychiatric Research Reports, 12, 259-266, 1960.
73. Delgado, J.M.R. Social rank and radio-stimulated aggressiveness in monkeys. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 144, 383-390, 1967.
74. Delgado, J.M.R. Limbic system and free behavior. In W.R. Adey & T. Tokizane (Eds.), Structure and Function of the Limbic Sytem, pp. 48-68. New York: Elsevier, 1967.
75. Delgado, J.M.R. Physical Control of the Mind. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.
76. Delgado, J.M., Mark, V., Sweet, W., Ervin, F., Weiss, G., Bach-Y-Rita, G., & Hagiwara, R. Intracerebral radio stimulation and recording in completely free patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 147, 329-340, 1968.
77. Demarr, E.W., Williams, H.L., Miller, A.I., & Pfeiffer, C.C. Effects in man of single and combined oral doses of reserpine, iproniazid, and d-lysergic acid diethylamide. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1, 23-30, 1960.