Wanted Women

by Deborah Scroggins

  78 Mohammed Salameh: Colum Lynch, “Few Fans of Sheik Among Local Muslims,” Boston Globe, March 7, 1993.

  78 Yet the commitment: The quote from al-Hussam is taken from Evan F. Kohlmann, “Expert Report—United States of America v. Muhamed Mubayyid, Emadeddin Muntasser, and Samir Al-Monla,” Criminal Action no. 05-40026-FDS, 2007, pp. 41–42.

  79 A few days later: Lynch, “Few Fans of Sheik Among Local Muslims”; Aafia Siddiqui, e-mail to Muslim newsgroups, March 15, 1993, copy in author’s files.

  Fourteen

  80 The word that Ayaan most: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 198, 216.

  80 Every refugee: Ibid., p. 202.

  80 But with everyone: Ibid., pp. 197–198.

  81 The Dutch system: Ilse van Liempt, Navigating Borders: Inside Perspectives on the Process of Human Smuggling into the Netherlands (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007), pp. 79–80.

  81 “meant, above all”: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 178.

  Fifteen

  83 The FBI: Alison Mitchell, “After Blast, New Interest in Holy War Recruits in Brooklyn,” New York Times, April 11, 1993.

  83 A few days later: United States of America v. Muhamed Mubayyid, Emadeddin Muntasser, and Samir Al-Monla, superseding indictment, March 8, 2007, pp. 1–28.

  83 The FBI had quickly traced: Yosri Fouda and Nick Fielding, Masterminds of Terror: The Truth Behind the Most Devastating Terrorist Attack the World Has Ever Seen (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2003), pp. 95–96.

  84 In Cambridge: United States of America v. Muhamed Mubayyid, Emadeddin Muntasser, and Samir Al-Monla, pp. 1–28.

  84 Care International distributed: Evan F. Kohlmann, Al-Qaeda’s Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network (Oxford, England: Berg, 2004), p. 40.

  Sixteen

  86 Finnish immigration records: Juha-Pekka Tikka, “Ayaan Hirsi Alin outo Suomi-yhteys,” Ilta-Sanomat, October 9, 2007; Tikka, “Rajatarkastus selvittaa Hirsi Ali—mysteeria,” Ilta-Sanomat, October 15, 2007.

  86 She worked as a cleaner: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations (New York: Free Press, 2010), pp. 170–174.

  87 Her Dutch had improved: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 218–223.

  Seventeen

  88 An Internet newsgroup: Haider Ali Qazilbash, e-mail to Muslim newsgroups, June 5, 1993 (Aafia’s reply is attached), copy in author’s files.

  88 Mercy International’s Pakistani director: Simon Reeve, The New Jackals (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1999), p. 190; William K. Rashbaum, “For Ireland and U.S., a Lost Chance on a Terror Plot,” New York Times, January 22, 2000; United States of America v. Usama bin Laden et al., March 20, 2001.

  Eighteen

  91 Ayaan’s Dutch foster father: Jutta Chorus and Ahmet Olgun, In Godsnaam: Het jaar van Theo van Gogh (Amsterdam: Contact, 2005), pp. 99–100.

  91 Somalia could use: George J. Church, “Somalia: The Anatomy of a Disaster,” Time, October 18, 1993.

  92 Ayaan and Yasmin: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 225.

  Nineteen

  93 Aafia returned to MIT: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, January 28, 2010, p. 1701.

  94 Just up the street: Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996); Bernard Lewis, “The Roots of Muslim Rage,” The Atlantic, September 1990.

  94 Salman al-Ouda: Jonathan D. Halevi, “Al Qaeda’s Intellectual Legacy: New Radical Islamic Thinking Justifying the Genocide of Infidels,” Jerusalem Viewpoints, no. 508 (December 1, 2003).

  95 Non-Muslims almost never: Katherine Bullock, “How to Plan a Lecture for a Muslim and Non-Muslim Audience,” in “MSA Starter’s Guide: A Guide on How to Run a Successful MSA,” 1st ed., March 1996.

  96 The anonymous writers: Quoted in Evan F. Kohlmann, “Expert Report—United States of America v. Muhamed Mubayyid, Emadeddin Muntasser, and Samir Al-Monla,” Criminal Action no. 05-40026-FDS, 2007, pp. 41–42.

  96 Arguing that women: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, January 28 and 29, pp. 1732–1733, 1770.

  96 Yet according to Aafia’s family: Aafia Siddiqui, “Starting and Continuing a Regular Dawah Table,” in “MSA Starter’s Guide”; Aafia Siddiqui, letter to FMC, Carswell, Warden Elaine Chapman, filed on July 7, 2009.

  Twenty

  98 One day in January 1994: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 226.

  98 In her collection of essays: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 72.

  98 Later, in her autobiography: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 226.

  98 She told Haweya: Ibid., p. 227.

  99 Yet, to Ayaan’s irritation: Ibid., pp. 226–228.

  99 Haweya was shocked: Ibid., pp. 227–235.

  100 Somalis who made it: Yaccub Enum and Angela Yphantides, “Tower Hamlets Mental Health Promotion Strategy, 2008–2011,” NHS, July 2008; and Edmund Sanders, “Snow, Malls and Stoves, Oh My: Somalis Get a Crash Course on Living in America,” Los Angeles Times, September 19, 2006.

  Twenty-one

  101 Benevolence International Foundation: United States of America v. Enaam M. Arnout, Government’s Evidentiary Proffer, no. 02 CR 892, pp. 48–56.

  101 The director of operations: “Two UNL Students Freed in Croatia,” Associated Press, July 25, 1993; John Mintz, “U.S. Tries to Link Activist to Al Qaeda; Evidence May Not Be Usable in Trial,” Washington Post, February 9, 2003.

  Twenty-two

  103 Even their pious: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, “Why They Deny the Holocaust,” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 2006.

  103 It was while: Interview with Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Voices on Antisemitism—A Podcast Series, U.S. Holocaust Museum, January 4, 2007.

  103 At home she tried: Hirsi Ali, “Why They Deny the Holocaust.”

  Twenty-three

  105 From Ahmer, Aafia had heard: Suleman Ahmer tells the story of Kamila in The Embattled Innocence: Recollections of a Muslim Relief Worker, www .timelenders.com/download/embattledinnocence.pdf.

  105 The wives of these knights: Mohammed Al Shafey, “Asharq Al-Awsat Interviews Umm Mohammed: The Wife of Bin Laden’s Spiritual Mentor,” Asharq Al-Awsat, April 30, 2006. Rabiah Hutchinson describes the life of the wives in this period in Sally Neighbor, The Mother of Mohammed (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010), pp. 189–197.

  107 She suspected them: Lee Hammel, “Jihad Noted in Wiretaps,” Worcester Telegram and Gazette, December 11, 2007.

  107 Meanwhile, Benazir Bhutto: Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin, 2005), p. 292; Yosri Fouda and Nick Fielding, Masterminds of Terror: The Truth Behind the Most Devastating Terrorist Attack the World Has Ever Seen (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2003), p. 96.

  107 A South African student: Simon Reeve, The New Jackals (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1999), pp. 97–101.

  107 Bhutto appealed: John F. Burns, “Pakistan Asks for U.S. Help in Crackdown on Militants,” New York Times, March 22, 1995.

  108 Aafia read: Aafia Siddiqui, e-mail to Muslim newsgroups, April 4, 1995, copy in author’s files.

  109 A few weeks later: Evan Kohlmann, “U.S. v. Muntasser et al—The Evidence Behind the Convictions,” Counterterrorism Blog, January 11, 2008, http://counterterrorismblog.org/2008/01/us_v_muntasser_et_al_ the_evide.php.

  109 The nikhah ceremony: Juliane von Mittelstaedt, “The Most Dangerous Woman in the World,” Der Spiegel, November 27, 2008.

  Twenty-four

  111 Ayaan rented a room: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 238–239.

  111 The Dutch students: Ibid., p. 243.

&nb
sp; 112 “Imagine,” she said: Alexander Linklater, “Danger Woman,” Guardian, May 17, 2005.

  112 “big blue innocent eyes”: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 251.

  113 The photographer Marc de Haan: Alies Pegtel’s eight-part series on Ayaan in HP/De Tijd began in the Christmas issue 2006 and continued for eight weeks into 2007. Marc de Haan was quoted in the third part, “Helemaal ingeburgerd,” January 12, 2007.

  113 “Most women are a little”: Ibid., p. 42.

  Twenty-five

  114 But he noticed: Declan Walsh, “The Mystery of Aafia Siddiqui,” Guardian, November 24, 2009.

  Twenty-six

  116 By the time Ayaan: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 247–249.

  117 Haweya joined them: Ibid., pp. 252–254.

  117 She had been smashing: Ibid., pp. 252–253.

  118 One night the phone rang: Ibid., p. 255.

  Twenty-seven

  119 Aafia’s parents: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, Document 256, filed August 19, 2010, p. 7.

  120 When she started: See Thomas Feven’s Web page, www.qucis.queensu .ca/home/fevens/UIO/html.

  121 She bitterly resented: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, letter to Judge Richard Berman, August 18, 2009.

  122 It was perhaps unfortunate: Marco Iacoboni describes the discovery of mirror neurons in Mirroring People: The New Science of How We Connect with Others (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008).

  122 “do for psychology”: V. S. Ramachandran, “Mirror Neurons and Imitation Learning as the Driving Force Behind ‘the Great Leap Forward’ in Human Evolution,” Third Culture, http://www.edge.org/3rd_ culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_p1.html.

  123 An Orthodox Jewish professor: Farah Stockman, “Alleged Pakistani Miliant Stands Trial Today,” Boston Globe, January 19, 2010.

  Twenty-eight

  125 After Haweya left: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 255.

  125 Her brother says: Jos van Dongen, interview with Mahad Hirsi Magan, March 30–April 1, 2005.

  Twenty-nine

  127 The top woman: Farhat Haq, “Militarism and Motherhood: The Women of the Lashkar-i-Tayyabia in Pakistan,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 32, no. 4 (2007).

  127 The Western world: Ahmed Rashid, Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001), pp. 105–120.

  128 “This is a big infidel policy”: Ahmed Rashid, Taliban (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 111.

  128 Usually the lesson: “No Parallel to Islamic Emirate on Earth: An Interview with Sheikh ul-Hadith Maulana Saleem Ullah Khan,” Zarb-e-Momin, 2001.

  Thirty

  131 In Kenya, Haweya: Jos van Dongen, interview with Mahad Hirsi Magan, March 30–April 1, 2005.

  131 “She would be talking”: Ibid.

  131 Ayaan wrote later: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 73.

  131 Their brother, Mahad, said: Van Dongen, interview with Mahad.

  131 Ayaan talked with Haweya: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 257.

  131 In The Caged Virgin: In The Caged Virgin, p. 76, Ayaan wrote, “Presumably she died from exhaustion, but I will never be sure because no autopsy was performed. In our culture it is taboo to ask questions about the cause of death. Every time I brought up the subject, I was dismissed as a tiresome child.” In Infidel, p. 258, she wrote, “Ma told me how Haweya died. . . . She saw Alah in the lightning and ran out the door. She ran barefoot into the road in the dark, sprinting across the potholes and when Ma screamed for help, two Somali men ran after her. When they brought Haweya back, she was bleeding from her knees and between her legs. She died a week after her miscarriage. I supposed it was an infection.”

  131 the lowest point of her life: Jutta Chorus and Ahmet Olgun, In Godsnaam: Het jaar van Theo van Gogh (Amsterdam: Contact, 2005), p. 103.

  131 Ayaan found: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 259.

  132 “You drive around”: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 63.

  132 In truth, Ayaan: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 259.

  Thirty-one

  133 She taught: Farah Stockman, “Activist Turned Extremist,” Boston Globe, August 12, 2008.

  133 “She shared with us”: Ibid.

  136 “at various times”: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, Document 256, August 19, 2010, p. 34, and Document 258–1, August 19, 2010, p. 2.

  Thirty-two

  140 And when Marco lent her: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 68.

  Thirty-three

  141 The new year also brought: Bernard Rougier, Everyday Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam Among Palestinians in Lebanon, trans. Pascale Ghazaleh (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007), pp. 239–246; Stephen Kurkjian and Judy Rakowsky, “FBI Terrorism Probe Tracks Ex-Cabdrivers,” Boston Globe, February 5, 2001.

  141 Aafia visited Marlene: Dan Malone, “Cells Without Numbers,” Fort Worth Weekly, May 9, 2002.

  142 For the next year: Aafia Siddiqui, “Separating the Components of Imitation,” unpublished dissertation, on file at MIT; Robert Sekuler, Aafia Siddiqui, Nikhil Goyal, and Rohin Rajan, “Reproduction of Seen Actions: Stimulus-Selective Learning,” Perception 32 (2003), 839–854.

  142 She finished her thesis: John A. Cooley, M.D, “Fair Winds and Following Seas,” ASA Newsletter, February 2001, vol. 65.

  143 With the millennium: Safar Ibn ‘Abd Al-Rahman Al-Hawali, The Day of Wrath: Is the Intifadha of Rajab only the Beginning? http://thetruth .hypermart.net/wrath/0_preface.htm.

  Thirty-four

  144 Leiden’s student magazine: Quoted in Alies Pegtel, “Helemaal Ingeburgerd,” HP/De Tijd, January 12, 2007.

  144 In Infidel: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 264–265.

  145 In 1991: Ian Buruma explores Frits Bolkestein’s and Pim Fortuyn’s contribution to the rise of immigration as a political issue in Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance (New York: Penguin, 2006), pp. 37–70. Christopher Caldwell offers a different point of view in Reflections on the Revolution in Europe (New York: Doubleday, 2009), pp. 307–323. See also Aranka Klomp and John Kroon, eds., The Netherlands 2006: The Mood after the Hysteria (Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2005).

  146 Ayaan found: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 262.

  147 “My dear fellows”: Unpublished letter from Hirsi Magan to members of Osman Mahamoud clan, undated, copy in author’s files, printed with permission of Guled A. Yusuf.

  Thirty-five

  148 Another time Aafia quarreled: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, Document 258-1, August 19, 2010, pp. 12–13.

  149 Aafia told: United States of America v. Aafia Siddiqui, Document 256, August 19, 2010, p. 14.

  Thirty-six

  151 The pharmaceutical company: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 264–265.

  151 She and Marco were: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 77.

  153 Ayaan sat down: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 266.

  Thirty-seven

  154 A few weeks after: Peter Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know (New York: Free Press, 2006), pp. 290–294.

  155 The Al-Kifah circle: Dan Malone, “Cells Without Numbers,” Fort Worth Weekly, May 9, 2002.

  156 Police in Boston: Kevin Cullen, “Task Force Probing Hub Link to Attacks,” Boston Globe, September 11, 2001.

  156 Amjad tried to calm her: Ron Nordland, “Prejudice in Pakistan,” Newsweek, September 13, 2001; Kenneth Timmerman, Preachers of Hate: Islam and the War on America (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2003), pp. 12–13.

  Thirty-eight

  157 Ayaan had been
working: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), pp. 267–269.

  Part II: Acting

  One

  161 “I felt that I knew him”: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 269.

  161 “Did the 9/11 attacks”: Ibid., pp. 270–271.

  161 She read bin Laden’s statements: Ibid., pp. 270–273.

  162 It doesn’t seem to have occurred: The highly respected International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) was established in 1998 in Leiden by the University of Amsterdam, Leiden University, Utrecht University, and Radboud University Nijmegen. Before it closed in 2009, it produced The ISIM Review and the ISIM paper series that often discussed or featured the work of Islamic scholars such as Abdullahi An’Naim and others seeking to integrate Islam and the modern human rights movement.

  162 Psychological studies have shown: See, e.g., Sheldon Solomon, Jeff Greenberg, and Tom Pyszczynski, “Fatal Attraction: A New Study Suggests a Relationship Between Fear of Death and Political Preferences,” Association for Psychological Sciences Observer, October 2004.

  162 But for Muslims: Hirsi Ali, Infidel, p. 280.

  Two

  164 The week after: Ahmed Rashid, Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001), p. 77; Kathy Gannon, I Is for Infidel: From Holy War to Holy Terror: 18 Years Inside Afghanistan (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005), pp. 92–96; Bernard-Henri Lévy, Who Killed Daniel Pearl? trans. James X. Mitchell (South Yarra, Australia: Hardie Grant Books, 2005), pp. 298–299.

  169 Jaish-e-Muhammad: “Al-Rasheed Trust—From a Welfare Trust to a Terrorist Empire,” Hindustan Times, September 27, 2001.

  Three

  171 The title of this: Ayaan calls it “The West or Islam: Who Needs a Voltaire?” in Infidel: My Life (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 274.

  171 Vice President Dick Cheney: Jane Mayer, The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals (New York: Doubleday, 2008), pp. 9–10.

  171 Ayaan has said: Ayaan Hirsi Ali, “Infidel: My Journey from Somalia to the West,” Cato’s Letter, The Cato Institute, Spring 2007.