The House of Government
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Smirnova, N. A., 399, 401–2
Smirnova, Sonia, 310, 860–61, 960
Smirnov and Sons’ Vodka Factory, 10, 140
Smirnova-Osinskaia, Ekaterina Mikhailovna, 67, 251–53, 304, 491, 513, 748, 895, 901, 927–28, 934, 941–42, 989
Smith, Joseph, 97
Smolich, Yuri: The Other Side of the Heart, 402–7, 471, 714, 837
Smolny Palace (St. Petersburg), 134, 136–38, 145
Smushkevich, Roza, 559, 654–55
Smushkevich, Yakov, 546–47, 559
Sobelsohn, Karol. See Radek, Karl Berngardovich
Sochi Group rest homes, 537–40
Social Democrats, 19
socialist realism, 473, 475–77, 489, 590, 611, 616, 639, 656, 848
Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), 19, 25, 31, 36, 57, 142, 161
Society of Old Bolsheviks, 222–23, 553–54, 674
Sokolnikov, Zhenia, 250
Sokolnikov (Brilliant), Grigory, 27, 28, 29, 167, 723, 864
Sokolova, Yulia. See Piatnitskaia (Sokolova), Yulia Iosifovna
Solovyov, Vladimir: “The Tale of the Antichrist,” 19
Solts, Aron Aleksandrovich: apartments of, 379, 993; death of, 936; on disciplining the faithful, 290, 292; documentary sources on, xiv; exile of, 48; family life of, 239–40, 260, 379, 620; friendships and, 167, 552; government assignments of, 292, 836–37; on marriage/family life, 230–31, 240; on morality/ethics, 227–28, 259–60; photographs of, 24, 227, 240, 836; political awakening of, 23; on societal malaise, 224
Solts, Esfir, 239, 379, 836, 993
Solts, Evgeny (“Zhenia”), 379, 655, 836, 993
Soskin, Grigory (“Grisha”), 263
Soskin, Lazar, 261–63
Soskin, Semen, 261
Soskina, Sarra Lazarevna. See Kritsman (Soskina), Sarra Lazarevna
South Africa, 100–101
Spain, 606–7, 718
spas and sanatoria. See rest homes
special occasions, 522–27
Speer, Albert, 502–3, 588
Speransky, A. D., 599
Stakhanov, Aleksei, xi
Stalin, Joseph (Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili): accusations against/trials of oppositionists and, 722–23, 728–29, 737, 740, 754–55, 778, 797, 807, 844, 846, 864; as “architect,” 334; break with Bukharin and emergence of, 297, 299; on collectivization, 421–22, 429, 455–56; on the Cossacks, 160; as cult figure, 244, 469, 922, 934; death of, 932–35, 939; disciplining the faithful and, 301–4; exile and return of, 49, 126; as government official, 183; granting of privileges by, 188; on growth of socialism, 614–15, 956; on Kuibyshev’s drinking, 520; millenarianism and, 273, 481; names of, 152, 723–24, 738; on peasants and bourgeoisie, 135; photograph of, 54; praise for, at Congress of Victors, 466–72; residence of, xi, 727; smoking and, 533; on socialist realism, 473; Soviet literature and, 473–75, 477; on suicide, 725; on violence and coercive measures, 435, 455; work schedule of, 497
Stalina, Svetlana. See Allilueva, Svetlana
Stalin revolution. See Five-Year Plans
Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 236, 397, 661
Stankevich, Aleksei, 24
Starynkevich, S., 157
Stasova, Elena Dmitrievna, xiv, 26, 131, 133–34, 543, 936–39, 993
State Candy Factory No. 1. See Einem Chocolate Candy and Cookie Factory
State Historical Preservation Workshop, 319, 389
State New Theater. See New Theater
Stechkina, Lydia Mefodievna, 829, 833
Stepanov, I. I., 864
Stetsky, Aleksei, 458, 472–73, 521
strikes, 18, 65
students: children of, 946, 951; communal houses for, 342, 342; distinctiveness of, 484; exile of, 47–48; family support of, 40–41; friendships of, 26–31; as House of Government residents, 486; political awakening of, 23, 39; in prison, 42–46
Stukov, M. V., 415
Suetenkova, Nadezhda, 170–71, 173, 178–79
Sukhanov, N. N., 135–36
Svarog, Vasily Semenovich, 519–20, 522
Sverdlov, Andrei Yakovlevich (“Adia”): apartments of, 906, 932, 993; arrest of, 784, 882–83, 931; as a child, 46, 52, 147–48; description of, 929; documentary sources for, xiv; marriage of, 234–35, 383; as NKVD agent, 883–86; photographs of, 54, 749, 932; post-arrest life of, 931–32; on Stalin, 304, 383; Works: A Thin Thread, 931–32
Sverdlov, Veniamin, 40, 147, 164, 784, 885
Sverdlov, Yakov Mikhailovich: apartments of, 145, 147; appearance and character of, 152–53; Bolshevik/Communist takeover and, 142–45; dacha stays of, 546; death of, 164; description of, 152–53; documentary sources for, xiv; education of, 28; exile and return of, 47–54, 126; February Revolution and, 65–66; friendships of, 29; love/faith/revolution and, 66; marriage/family life of, 40, 46, 147–48, 610; murder of Nicholas II and, 155–56; October Revolution and, 135–36; photographs of, 28, 46, 54; political awakening of, 20, 22; in prison, 43, 45–46, 610; reading and study by, 63–64, 279; Red Terror and, 158–59; as revolutionary/government official, 133–34, 146, 153, 164–65, 183; spiritual crises/doubt and, 63–65; on violence and coercive measures, 154, 161–62, 166
Sverdlov, Zinovy. See Peshkov, Zinovy
Sverdlova, Sarra, 40, 65–66, 147
Sverdlova, Vera, 52, 147
Sverdlova-Novgorodtseva, Klavdia Timofeevna: apartments of, 145, 147, 383, 993; exile and return of, 47, 52, 134; government assignments of, 190, 383; on Kremlin staff, 186; marriage/family life of, 46; personality of, 253; photographs of, 46, 54; privileges of, 188, 190
the swamp (as metaphor), 33–34, 41–42, 57, 129, 150, 152, 195, 290, 341, 365, 714, 842–43
the Swamp (Moscow neighborhood), 5–9, 15; changes in, 389–90; daily life and activity in, 5, 9–10, 14–15; flooding in, 21–22; housing in, 6, 9, 618–19; map of, 6; as pro-Bolshevik, 140
Symbolists, 19–20
Syrtsov, Sergei, 165, 167, 426, 774
Tairov, Vladimir, 769
Takser, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 381, 994
Tarasov-Rodionov, Aleksandr: “Chocolate,” 518
Tarshis, Iosif. See Piatnitsky, Osip Aronovich
Tauride Palace (St. Petersburg), 123–25, 145
Terekhov, Gennady, 425, 993
Terekhov, Roman Yakovlevich, 38, 184, 424–25, 427, 439, 542, 647, 993
Terekhova, Efrosinia Artemovna, 424–25, 993
Terekhova, Victoria (“Tora”), 424–25, 682, 993
Ter-Gabrielian, Saak, 539
theater, as entertainment, 350–51, 395–407, 512–13, 610, 615–17
Tikhomirnov, German, 550, 552, 554
Tivel-Levit, Aleksandr, 755
Tolstaya, Anna Ilinichna, 521
Tolstoy, Aleksei, 478; The Golden Key, 526; Peter the First, 375, 510
Tolstoy, Leo, 194, 282, 287–88, 510; War and Peace, 646, 954, 980
Tomsky, Mikhail, 300–301, 304, 306, 406, 469, 720–21, 725, 738–39, 793
torture, 840, 842
Trans-Moskva District Party Committee, 322, 327
Travina, Alexandra (“Sasha”), 248–49
trials and purges, 715–19, 728–33, 755, 760–64, 760–65, 767, 769–70, 789–90, 800–801, 814, 862, 864, 914; confessions and, 459–62, 467–72, 615, 703–10, 779, 840; friendships/loyalty during, 833–34; interrogations and, 840; news coverage of, 815–16; plea bargaining and, 708; reactions to, 817–18, 833–34. See also individual defendants
Trifonov, Evgeny, 776
Trifonov, Valentin Andreevich: apartment of, 379, 491, 993; arrest of, 774, 836; dacha stays of, 546; de-Cossackification and, 166–68; exile of, 48, 167; government assignments of, 166, 185, 379; marriage/family life of, 239–40, 379; photographs of, 43, 167, 177, 239, 545, 966; in prison, 43; rehabilitation of, 937
Trifonov, Yuri, xiii; apartment of, 993; childhood of, 239, 379, 546, 671–75; descriptions of, 671; drawings by, 491, 675, 676, 963–65; parents’ arrest and, 774, 776–78; photographs of, 892, 966–69, 971, 973; post-arrests life o
f, 828, 889, 892, 933; as rememberer, 961–80; on Stalin’s death, 933–34; Works: Another Life, 967, 971–74, 978–80; The Disappearance, 489, 625–26, 672–73, 971–72; The Exchange, 971; The House on the Embankment, xv, 962–63, 969–72; Impatience, 974; It Was a Summer Afternoon, 972; The Long Goodbye, 967–68, 973; The Old Man, 238–39, 974–78, 980; The Quenching of Thirst, 969; Time and Place, 961, 970, 972
Trifonova, Olga, xv
Trifonova, Tatiana (“Tania”), 379, 776, 828, 968, 971, 993
Trifonova (Lurye), Evgenia Abramovna, 239, 379, 776–77, 933, 993
Troeltsch, Ernst, 93
Trofimovna, Natalia, 900–901, 921
troikas, 760, 763, 790, 812, 864
Trotsky, Leon: Bolshevik/Communist takeover and, 135–36, 138, 142, 144; exiles of, 126, 301; government assignments of, 146; Kirov assassination and, 719; on Mironov, 173, 176–77, 178; on murder of Nicholas II, 156; on politics, 306; on Reisner, 245, 247; rest home stays of, 221; as a speaker, 129–30; on the state reflected in family life, 231–32, 531; on violence and coercive measures, 165
Trotskyites, 300, 467, 701, 718, 730, 870
Tsivtsivadze, Ilya (“Ilko”), 798
Tuchin, Mikhail Andreevich, 325–26, 392–93, 492, 525, 531, 560, 611, 994
Tuchina, Zinaida, 390, 393, 492, 526, 994
Tuchina (Chizhikova), Tatiana Ivanovna, 392–93, 531, 994
Tukhachevskaia, Svetlana, 654
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, 768, 820–21
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 104
Twain, Mark: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 526, 682–83, 954; Huckleberry Finn, 526, 682–83
Tyutchev, Fedor, 20
Ulrikh (Ulrich), Vasily, 185, 755, 797, 836, 856, 861
Umanskaia, Nina, 878–79
United Opposition coalition, 295, 297–98
Uritsky, Moisei, 158
us-and-them thinking: free fellowships as, 55–62; friendship circles as, 31–33; Israelites’ God as, 79–80; philistines as, 56–57; Zulus as, 31
Ushakova, Nadezhda. See Mikhailova (Ushakova), Nadezhda Ivanovna
Usievich, Elena Feliksovna, 381–82, 497, 499, 519, 549, 626, 628, 639, 994
Usievich, Grigory Aleksandrovich, 381, 994
Usievich, Grigory Grigorievich, 381–82, 986
Usievich, Iskra-Marina, 381, 549, 994
Uspenskii, A.: Korenkovshchina, 268
Uspensky, Gleb, 57
Varshavskaia, Mirra, 310, 312, 788
Vasiliev, Pavel, 500, 519, 622
Vasilieva, Ania, 776–77
Vedeniapina, Vera Vladimirovna, 873
Vedernikov, A. S., 139
Veitser, Izrail Yakovlevich, 382, 439, 496–98, 526–27, 560–61, 753, 802, 994
Verhaeren, Émile: “Blacksmith,” 67–68, 279
Verkhneuralsk prison, 562–63, 716
Verne, Jules, 510, 637; The Children of Captain Grant, 660–61, 859
Versailles (France), 586–87
Vesnik, Yakov, 165, 167, 774
Vienna (Austria), 586
Vinogradov, Ivan, 639
Vinogradskaia, Polina, 134
Vinogradskaia, Sofia, 233
violence and coercive measures, 151–55, 165–66, 261, 273–74, 405, 422, 434–35, 712–13
Vishera Paper Mill, 414
Vishnevsky, Vsevolod, 245
Vitruvius, 583
Vlasik, Nikolai Sidorovich, 538
Vodopyanov, Mikhail, 592
Volin, Boris Mikhailovich (Iosif Mikhailovich Fradkin), 234, 247, 297, 387, 389, 457, 488, 546, 657, 779, 818, 934, 994
Volina, Dina Davydovna, 387, 994
Volina, Victoria, 387, 512, 994
Volkova, Galina, 902–4
Volodarsky, Vladimir, 145, 153
Vorobiev, Vladimir, 216–17, 243, 409–10
Voronskaia, Galina, 280, 386–87, 782–83, 937–38, 994
Voronskaia, Sima Solomonovna, 280, 305, 386–87, 783, 994
Voronsky, Aleksandr Konstantinovich (“Valentin”): agitation speeches of, 35; apartment of, 386–87, 994; arrest/interrogation/trial/execution of, 733, 778–80, 782–84, 842; autobiographies/memoirs of, 55, 127–28, 196, 288, 305–6, 387; confessions of, 459–62, 615, 778–79, 842; description of, 29; documentary sources for, xiv; exile and return of, 47–48, 50–51, 54–55, 127–29, 297, 305–7; friendships of, 29, 280–81, 289; government assignments of, 184, 279, 289, 386–87, 779; on the intelligentsia, 521; literary critiques by, 195, 198, 200–201, 270–71, 629; marriage/family life of, 40–41, 261, 280; photographs of, 55, 281, 387, 783; political awakening of, 19–20, 23; in prison, 44–45, 280–81, 610; reading and study by, 35, 279, 281, 610, 782; rehabilitation for, 937; on Reisner, 246–47; rest home stays of, 221; on the revolution, 148–49; Soviet literature and, 203–4, 279–84, 286–89, 307; spiritual crises/doubt and, 60–63, 128, 623; us-and-them thinking and, 55–58; Works: The Eye of the Storm, 127–28, 130, 132–33, 780; Gogol, 780–83; In Search of the Water of Life, 635; Zheliabov, 564–65, 592
Voroshilov, Kliment, 244, 380, 529, 719, 722, 728, 736, 755, 794, 797, 807, 844, 846
Voroshilova, Ekaterina Davydovna, 538
Vyshinsky, A. Ia., 731–32, 764, 825, 836
Wallenberg, Raoul, 931
Walzer, Michael, 291
War Communism, 185, 209–12, 293–94, 298
Washington, D.C. (United States), 588–89
Weber, Max, 58, 181
weddings, 522–24
White Sea-Baltic Canal, The, 363, 365, 372
Wine and Salt Yard, 5, 10–12, 11, 140, 319
witch hunts, 703–11, 753–54, 864
women: Bolshevik attitudes toward, 246, 559; as government leaders, 484; as returnees, 942–43; as revolutionaries, 42. See also marriage and family life
Wool Yard, 5, 13
Wordsworth, William, 105
workers: children of, 946; exile of, 47–48; friendships/family support of, 41–42; on House of Government, 321–25, 329; on industrialization projects, 413–18, 423; New Year’s celebrations and, 525; political awakening of, 23, 36–37, 39–40; in prison, 42–46; separateness of, 40, 484–86; shock, 528
work schedules, 496–98, 508–9
Wounded Knee (South Dakota), 99
Xhosa, 100, 220
Yagoda, Genrikh, 234, 414–15, 507, 739, 741, 745, 784, 852
Yagoda (Averbakh), Ida, 147, 234, 784, 885
Yakir, Iona, 163, 165, 760, 774
Young, Brigham, 97
Young Pioneers, 275, 522, 525, 620, 952
Yuriev, Akim, 515
Yurovsky, Mikhail, 155–58
Yusim, Maria Aleksandrovna. See Lande (Yusim), Maria Aleksandrovna
Yusis, Ivan, 539
Zagorsky, Vladimir, 28
Zaidenshner, Naum. See Rabichev (Zeidenshner, Zaidenshner), Naum Natanovich
Zaitsev, Igor, 873–74
Zaitsev, Maksim Vasilievich, 873
Zarudin, Nikolai, 842
Zbarskaia (Perelman), Evgenia, 242–43, 410, 994
Zbarsky, Boris Ilich (Ber Elievich), xiv, 216–17, 242–43, 409–11, 546, 934–35, 994
Zbarsky, Feliks-Lev, 243, 410, 994
Zbarsky, Ilya, xiv, 242–43, 243, 410, 441, 454–55, 994
Zeidenshner, Naum. See Rabichev (Zeidenshner, Zaidenshner), Naum Natanovich
Zelenskaia, Anna Grigorievna, 239–40, 379, 836, 993
Zelenskaia, Elena, 240, 379, 836, 888, 993
Zelensky, Andrei, 240, 379, 836, 888, 993
Zelensky, Isaak, 239, 240, 379, 439, 470, 753–54, 852
Zemliachka, Rozalia, 936, 939
Zetkin, Clara, 547
Zhdanov, Andrei, 473, 755, 797, 811, 846
Zhemchuzhina, Polina Semenovna, 550–51, 622
Zholtovsky, Ivan, 358
Zhukov, Ivan, 754, 925
Zimin, Pavel Ivanovich, 900–902
Zinoviev, Grigory, 715–16, 718–19, 817
Zinovievites, 715–16, 718
Zlatkin, Ilya, 384, 526
&nbs
p; Zlatkina, Elena. See Ivanova (Zlatkina), Elena Yakovlevna
Zorin, Sergei, 297, 778–80, 784
Zoroaster, 76–77
Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 280
Zulus, 31