Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory
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3 Jacobs, New Netherland, p.475.
4 Cit. Shorto, The Island at the Centre of the World, pp.63–4.
5 Jacobs, New Netherland, p.373.
6 Ibid., p.93.
7 Ibid., p.143.
8 For a full account see ibid., passim.
9 Captain Robert Holmes his Journalls of Two Voyages into Guynea in his M[ajestie]’s Ships the Henrietta and the Jersey, Pepys Library Sea MSS. No. 2698, p.168.
10 J.D. Davies, ‘Holmes, Sir Robert (c.1622–1692)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls. lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/13600, accessed 4 June 2007]. On the canard that it was Holmes who actually attacked and took New Amsterdam see C.H. Wilson, ‘Who captured New Amsterdam?’, English Historical Review 72 (1957), 469–74.
11 Cit. J. Scott, ‘“Good night Amsterdam”: Sir George Downing and Anglo–Dutch state-building’, English Historical Review 118 (2003), 334–56; 346.
12 Ibid., pp.346–7.
13 Shorto, Island at the Centre of the World, p.330.
14 M. Kurlansky, The Big Oyster: New York in the World, A Molluscular History (London: Jonathan Cape, 2006), p.37.
15 Antonivaz, 9 May 1642. Worp, letter 2996.
16 See C. Lesger, The Rise of the Amsterdam Market and Information Exchange: Merchants, Commercial Expansion and Change in the Spatial Economy of the Low Countries, c. 1550–1630 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).
17 T. Sprat, The history of the Royal-Society of London for the improving of natural knowledge (London, 1667), p.401.
18 Cit. M. ‘T Hart, ‘Cities and statemaking in the Dutch Republic, 1580–1680’, Theory and Society 18 (1989), 663–87; 663.
19 Cit. ibid., p.674.
20 Cit. ibid., p.679.
21 Lesger, Rise of the Amsterdam Market, p.224.
22 H.J. Cook, Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007). See also H. J. Cook, ‘Time’s bodies: crafting the preparation and preservation of naturalia’, in P.H. Smith and P. Findlen (eds), Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science and Art in Early Modern Europe (London: Routledge, 2002), pp.223–47, and ‘The cutting edge of a revolution? Medicine and natural history near the shores of the North Sea’, in J.V. Field and F.A.J.L. James (eds), Renaissance and Revolution: Humanists, Scholars, Craftsmen and Natural Philosophers in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp.45–61.
23 L. Neal, ‘Venture shares in the Dutch East India Company’, draft paper, ‘prepared for the Yale School of Management Conference of Interest and Enterprise: Essays in Financial Innovation March 6 & 7, 2003, Yale University’ (consulted online).
24 This account of the VOC and its economic significance is based on J. de Vries and A. van der Woude, The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.382–96 and 457–64.
25 Ibid., p.385.
26 W. Temple, Miscellanea…by a person of honour (London: E. Gellibrand, 1680), pp.204–5.
27 Ibid., pp.214–15.
28 See H.J. Cook, Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), pp.349–77.
29 Cit. ibid., p.371.
30 Wilhelmi ten Rhyne M.D. &c., Transisalano-Daventriensis Dissertatio de arthritide: Mantissa schematica: De acupunctura: et Orationes tres, I. De chymiæ ac botaniæ antiquitate & dignitate. II. De physiognomia: III. De monstris. Singula ipsius authoris notis illustrata (London, 1683). For more on this treatise see R.W. Carrubba and J.Z. Bowers, ‘The western world’s first detailed treatise on acupuncture: Willem Ten Rhijne’s De Acupunctura’, Journal of the History of Medicine 29 (1974), 371–98.
31 For the Anglo–Dutch context for this discussion of George Downing’s attitude to Dutch Republican fiscal policies, see Jonathan Scott, England’s Troubles: Seventeenth Century English Political Instability in European Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), and Scott, ‘What the Dutch Taught Us: The Late Emergence of the Modern British State’, Times Literary Supplement (16 March 2001), pp.4–6.
32 See Jonathan Scott, ‘Downing, Sir George, first baronet (1623–1684)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com. catalogue. ulrls.lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/7981, accessed 10 June 2007]
33 Cit. Scott, ‘“Good night Amsterdam”’, p.344.
34 The account that follows of Downing’s important role in shaping English fiscal policy after the Restoration is based on ibid., pp.334–56.
35 Ibid., p.354.
Conclusion: Going Dutch
1 William returned to The Hague in late February 1671.
2 William was made Captain General (overall military commander) by the States General in 1671, and Stadholder in 1672, following the murder of the de Witt brothers and the fall of the Republic.
3 W. Troost, William III, the Stadholder-King: A Political Biography, trans. J.C. Grayson (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp.63–4.
4 PRO, LC5/2, pp.29–31. I am extremely grateful to Dr Anna Keay of English Heritage for passing this reference to me.
5 Troost, William III, the Stadholder-King, pp.62–3.
6 Worp, letter 6778.
7 Worp, letter 7077.
8 De Gedichten van Constantijn Huygens online, University of Leiden website: http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Huygens/index.html.
9 See Wren family, Parentalia, p.323.
10 CLRO, RCA 82, fol. 268v.
11 J.E. Moore, ‘The Monument, or, Christopher Wren’s Roman accent’, Art Bulletin 80 (1998), 498–533.
12 An Act of Parliament of 1667 contained the instruction that: ‘The better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation; Be it further enacted that a Columne or Pillar of Brase or Stone be erected on or as neare unto the place where the said Fire so unhappily began as Conveniently as may be, in perpetuall Remembrance thereof, with such Inscription thereon, as hereafter by the Mayor and Court of Aldermen in that behalfe be directed.’ Work excavating the foundations was completed in November 1671, and construction must have commenced shortly thereafter.
13 Cit. van Strien, British Travellers in Holland, p.263.
14 KA 48 fol. 5. Constantijn Huygens to Christopher Wren, ‘Surveyor of the Kings buildings’.
15 Offenberg expresses uncertainty as to whether the letter addressed to ‘a courtier at the court of the Prince of Orange’ was actually intended for Huygens (p.420). The letter to Wren (to which Offenberg does not refer) confirms that this was indeed the case.
16 See A. Offenberg, ‘Dirk van Santen and the Keur Bible: New insights into Jacob Judah (Ayre) Leon Templo’s model Temple’, Studia Rosenthaliana 37 (2004), 401–22. Thanks to Moti Feingold for bringing this article to my attention.
17 Hooke, Diary, p.179.