Sykes-Picot Agreement, 249–51
Middle East Economic Survey, 39
Military Power of the People’s Republic of China (Pentagon report), 240
Miller, Alexei, 201, 206
Ming Dynasty, 235
Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (Saudi Arabia), 1, 2, 4
Mitchell, George, 19–21, 39–40, 305–6
Mitchell, Todd, 21
Mitchell Energy, 21, 22
Mitrova, Tatiana, 185, 209
Mogherini, Federica, 165
Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince (MbS), 270–72
Mohseni, Ebrahim, 280
Mongolia, 199
Moniz, Ernie, 28
Montana, 22
Moody’s Analytics, 110
Morales, Evo, 37
Morningstar, Richard, 167
Morocco, 140, 269
Moscow Times, 193
Moses, Lincoln, 51
Mosul, Iraq, 275
Movchan, Andrey, 188
Mozambique, 7, 69
Mubarak, Hosni, 265
al-Muhanna, Ibrahim, 35
Murphy, James, 257
Muslim Brotherhood, 251
Myanmar, 203, 241
Nabucco Pipeline, 167, 197, 209
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 105–6, 114, 115
Naftogaz, 169
al-Naimi, Ali, 28–29, 31–36, 39, 54, 57, 124
Nakagawa, Melanie, 136
National Bureau of Economic Research, 111
National Development and Reform Commission (China), 214
National Offshore Oil Corporation (China), 98
National Petroleum Reserve (Alaska), 276
National Security Strategy of the Obama Administration, 288
National Security Strategy (Russia), 210
nationalism, 104, 105, 211, 215, 248
Native Americans, 159
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 181, 194, 195
natural gas, xi, 7, 8, 10, 16, 27, 52, 64–80, 113, 132, 137–38
in Arctic shelf, 22
Barnett Shale, 20–22
Canada and, 100
China and, 69, 70, 73, 202–7, 210, 222–24, 227, 241, 294, 302, 303
demand for, 88, 202
Iran and, 197, 281
Iraq and, 197
Mexico and, 96, 98, 100
prices, 151, 154, 175, 177–80
Russia and, 69, 88, 166, 168, 169, 176–79, 181, 192, 200, 223, 284, 287, 301
shale gas production, 23, 151
substitute for coal, 151, 153
Ukraine and, 169
unconventional, 17–19, 97
U.S. and, 70, 73, 75–76, 78, 79, 88, 94, 105, 110–12, 126, 161, 175–78, 227, 241–42, 287, 290–91, 292, 293, 306
Nazdratenko, Yevgenii, 199
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 277
Netherlands, 78, 171
Neutrality Acts, 109
New York state, 157
New York Times, The, 15, 86, 279
Newell, Richard, 152, 153
Nicholas II, Czar, 183
Nigeria, x, 34, 57, 96, 119, 149, 232, 264, 266, 300
Nixon, Richard M., 242
on energy independence, 84
energy policy of, 92, 142–43
North Africa, 91, 206 (see also specific countries)
North Dakota, 22, 33, 45, 112, 113
North Korea, 67, 199
nuclear program in, 38, 122–24, 138
North Sea oil, 31
Northern Caucasus, 191
Northern Ireland, 172
Norway, 16, 27, 78, 96, 171, 174, 179
Norwegian shelf, 200
Novatek, 191
nuclear deterrence, 109
nuclear energy, 6, 27, 68, 93, 137, 148, 153, 157–58, 177, 222, 227
“Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels” (Hubbert), 43–44
nuclear weapons, 38, 121–24, 138, 246, 251, 256, 280, 290
Nye, Joe, 128, 259, 303
Obama, Barack, 16, 93, 109–10, 143, 150, 204, 246, 276
China and, 138, 139, 155, 242–44
climate change and, 93, 109–10, 136, 137, 243–44
Cuba and, 289–90
on energy independence, 84, 255
Keystone XL pipeline and, 101–3
sanctions against Iran and, 122–23, 125
State of the Union address (2014), 68, 111
summit with Japanese leader, 67–68
Oegg, Barbara, 126
Ohio, 112
Oil-for-Food Program, 284
oil indexation, 67, 78, 179, 303
Oil Lift, 258
oil prices, 2–7, 15, 24–26, 28, 29, 33, 36–39, 85, 93, 98–100, 112–13, 120, 123–24, 143–44, 147, 149–50, 154, 182, 185–88, 190, 197–98, 203–6, 211, 257, 262–63, 265–69, 274, 279, 281, 285, 289, 303–4
oil reserves, 86, 142–44
oil sands, 18, 42, 98, 99, 101, 102, 148
oil shale, 148
Oklahoma, 20, 158
Oman, 254, 265, 267–69
One Belt, One Road initiative, 235–36
Orange Revolution, 194
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 49, 92, 111
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 3–5, 8, 26, 27, 30–43, 54–62, 72, 142, 144, 197, 251, 254, 255, 262, 263, 286, 291, 303
Osceola, Arkansas, 111
Ottaway, David, 261–62
Ottoman Empire, 249
Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 197
P5+1 talks, 123, 197, 246, 280
Pacto por México, 96
Pakistan, 74, 140, 241
Palestine, 269
Palestinians, 197, 245, 261–62
Palti-Guzman, Leslie, 74
Paltsev, Segey, 223–24
Pape, Robert, 126
Papua New Guinea, 141, 206
Paris Agreement, 51, 136–38, 155, 156, 223
Paulson, Hank, 109
Pavillion, Wyoming, 158
Peabody Energy, 151
peak oil, 43–45, 48, 62, 127, 214, 302
Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation, and Risk Management (Hirsch Report), 45
Pearl Harbor, 283
Peloponnesian War, 238
PEMEX (Petróleos Mexicanos), 96, 97, 104
Peña Nieto, Enrique, 95–97
Pentagon, U.S., 119–20, 121, 240
People’s Republic of China (see China)
Persia, 283
Persian Gulf, 246, 253
Peshmerga, 274
Petraeus, David, 119, 121
Petrocaribe, 295
Pinker, Steven, 131
pipelines, 64–67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 177
in Asia, 201–3, 205
in Europe, 167, 168
Kurdish, 274–75
Middle East, 198
reverse, 168
Pipes, Daniel, 255
Poland, 47, 69, 140, 167, 169, 172, 174
shale development in, 170–71
Polish Geological Institute, 171
population, 49, 59, 199, 268, 278
populism, x, 104, 286
Porter, Michael, 160–61
Portugal, 175, 177
poverty rate, 108
Powell, Colin, 228
Power of Siberia project, 202, 203, 207
Primoskii Krai, 199
Pripyat, Ukraine, 157–58
Private Empire (Coll), 301
Prize, The (Yergin), x
Prodi, Romano, 135
“Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth” (executive order), 84, 155
Public Service Electric & Gas Company, 112
Pushkov, Alexei, 203, 279
Putin, Vladimir, 37, 125, 129–30, 165, 166, 167, 177, 183–86, 188–98, 200–203, 210–11, 300, 301
Pyrenees Mountains, 177
Qaddafi, Muammar, 305
Qatar, 66, 96, 251, 265, 268
Qatar Petroleum, 52
Qing Dynasty,
243
Raimi, Daniel, 152
Ramírez, Rafael, 34
Randall, Clarence B., 91
Rapidan Group, 74
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 173
Rayburn, Sam, 91
Reagan, Ronald, 254
economic policy and, 108–9, 182
European relations and, 167, 168
recessions, 5–6, 108, 109, 112, 113, 289
Reed, Jack, 120
reference case scenarios, 52
Reid, John, 16
renewable energy, xi, 9–10, 17, 68, 70, 86, 93–94, 146, 153, 154, 167, 180, 222, 224, 245, 294
resource curse, 264
Resources for the Future, 153
Rice, Condoleezza, 85, 135
ride pooling, 53
Rockefeller, John D., 54
Rogers, Howard, 156
Rogov, Kirill, 193
Romania, 66, 140
Romney, Mitt, 255
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 252–53, 270
Rosneft, 191, 193
Rouhani, Hassan, 37, 38, 123
Royal Navy, 283
Russia, 8, 37, 47, 57, 72, 78, 118, 132, 181–211
annexation of Crimea and, 125, 165–68, 174, 180, 184, 191, 195, 198, 200, 289, 299
China and, 80, 198–205, 202–8, 212, 287, 289, 296, 298–99
declining leverage over Central Asia of, 208–10
economy in, 182–90, 192–96, 211, 299–301
elections of 2016 to Duma, 189
energy reform in, 191–93
GDP of, 185
Iran and, 122
Japan and, 125–26
military budget of, 279
natural gas exports of, 166, 168, 169, 176–79, 181, 192, 200, 223, 287
natural gas, integrated global market, 78, 79, 132
natural gas production in, 69, 88, 166, 200, 284, 301
nuclear arsenal of, 183
oil prices and, 182, 185–88, 190, 197–98, 203–6, 211
oil production in, 2, 6–7, 32, 34, 48, 186, 305
population of, 199
Reserve Fund, 187
sanctions against, 125, 126, 165, 166, 183, 184, 186, 190, 196, 204–6, 298
Saudi Arabia and, 279–80
shale gas development and, 173
Stabilization Fund, 186–87
stock market in, 189–90
Syria and, 195–96, 278–80
Turkmen gas trade and, 208–10
Ukraine and, 65–66, 125, 165, 166, 169, 174, 180, 184, 189, 195, 200, 202, 205, 284
Russian Far East, 198–200
Russian Federal Migration Service, 199
Sabine Pass, Louisiana, 241
St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (2014), 199
Sakhalin-1, 125
Salih, Barham, 250
sanctions, 127, 195, 295
against Iran, 95, 121–25, 197, 251, 280, 290
against Iraq, 118
against Russia, 125, 126, 165, 166, 183, 184, 186, 190, 196, 204–6, 298
Santos, José Eduardo dos, 231
Sanusi, Lamido, 232
Sata, Michael, 232
Al Saud, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, 34, 260, 266, 269
Saudi Arabia, 1–5, 7, 26–30, 92, 99, 118, 197–98, 251, 265–66, 297, 305
breakeven price and, 266–68
demographic growth in, 268
economic reform in, 270–72
energy demand in, 269
financial reserves of, 267, 268
government of, 265–66
Iran and, 38, 56, 279
military budget of, 279
oil production in, 2, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33–39, 53, 57, 59, 60, 61, 88, 96, 124, 142, 253–55, 269
population of, 268
Public Investment Fund, 271
Russia and, 279–80
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and, 256
Syria and, 278–79
U.S. and, 252–54, 256, 259–61
Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, 26
Saudi Aramco, 31, 54, 245, 269, 270
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, 111
Saudi Vision 2030, 270, 271
Al-Sayari, Hamad Saud, 26, 27, 30
Schott, Jeff, 126
Scotland, 48, 55
shale gas resources in, 172
sea lanes, 16, 292
Senate Armed Services Committee, 120
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 228
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 256
serendipity, 88, 306
Seven Sisters, 55, 92
Shah Deniz II gas field, 167
Shaikin, Alexander, 199
shale gas, 18, 20–23, 33, 47, 69–73, 75–77, 100, 112, 113, 137, 139–40, 149–51, 153, 155, 156, 169–73, 181, 287, 291, 292, 299, 305
Shale Gas Five-Year Plan (China), 69
shale oil, 18, 46, 285
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 210
Shell Oil, 22, 43, 44, 146, 171, 231
Shenzhen, China, 225
Shifang, China, 221
Shirk, Susan, 217
Shtokman gas field, 200–201
Siberia, 168, 200–202
Sierra Leone, 7, 141
Sikorski, Radoslaw, 171
Silk Road, 235, 244, 245
Silk Road Fund, 235
Siluanov, Anton, 185, 187
Simmons, Matt, 15, 39
Sinai Peninsula, 74
Singapore, 23, 303
Singh, Manmohan, 139
Single European Market, 168
Sinopec, 231, 233
Sioux tribe, 159
al-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 261
Slovakia, 174
Slovenia, 169
Smith, Frederick W., 87
Smith, Michael, 241
social license, 156, 157, 159–61, 292, 297
soft power concept, defined, 128
solar energy, 17, 68, 137, 146, 224
solar photovoltaics, 10
Solovyev, Vladimir, 194
Sonangol, 231
Sotloff, Steven, 2
South Africa, 140, 150, 232
South America (see specific countries)
South China Sea, 205, 240, 298
South Korea, 125, 199
Soviet Union, x, 129
Chenobyl nuclear reactor, 157–58
collapse of, 182, 192, 194, 205, 208, 267, 284, 290
economy in, 109
invasion of Afghanistan by, 253
oil production and, 253, 305
pipeline issue and, 168
(see also Russia)
Spain, 175, 177
spare capacity, 30–31, 56, 61, 259
Sparks, Oklahoma, 158
Stabenow, Debbie, 241
Standard Oil, 54
Standing Rock Indian Reservation, 159
State, U.S. Department of, 76, 83–84, 102, 139–41, 228
Statoil, 96, 98, 179
Steinberg, Don, 83–84
Sterling, Ross, 55
Stern, Jonathan, 79, 171
Stevens, Bill, 21
stock markets, 5, 6, 108, 220
Strait of Hormuz, 245–46
Strait of Malacca, 204, 236
stranded assets, 282
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), 86, 142–44, 295
substitution effect, 152
Sudan, 228–30, 233, 269
Suez Crisis (1956), 109, 258
Summers, Larry, 93
Sun Yat-sen, 212
SUVs, 88
Sweden, 174
Sykes, Sir Mark, 249
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 249–51
Syria, 74, 195–96, 251, 265, 276
civil war in, 1, 56, 197, 278
population in, 278
Szakonyi, David, 190
Taiwan, 240
Tajikistan, 209
Tamar natural gas field, Israel, 275, 276
Tamarod Movement, 251
Tanaka, Nobuo, 16
Tarim Basin, 222
Temasek Holdings, 23
Texas, 19–23, 33, 45, 46, 91, 111, 112, 113, 142, 158
Texas Railroad Commission, 22, 55
Third Energy Package (2), 168, 195
Thucydides trap, 238, 298
Tierney, John, 15, 39
tight oil, 18, 23–25, 32–36, 40, 42, 45–48, 57–62, 148, 149, 291, 292, 303–5
Tillerson, Rex, 104
Timor-Leste, 141
Trans-Pacific Partnership, 67
transportation, 50, 52, 53, 67
Treasury, U.S. Department of, 121
Treaty of Friendship of 2001 (Sino-Russian), 205
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 122
Trenin, Dmitri, 183, 189
Trudeau Justin, 102
Trump, Donald
“America First” approach of, 105
election of 2016 and, 131, 255
energy independence and, 84
energy policy of, 155
inaugural address of, ix
Keystone XL pipeline and, 101–2
Mexico and, 104
NAFTA and, 105
Paris Agreement and, 243–44
Trump administration, 137–38, 141–42, 145, 156, 244, 290–91
Tunisia, 251, 265
Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet, 251
Turkey, x, 66, 74, 175, 251, 260, 272, 274–77, 281
Turkmenistan, 203, 208–10
TurkStream, 277
Tusk, Donald, 69
Twitter, 221, 266
2016 Energy Outlook (BP), 51
Uganda, 7, 141
Ukraine, 65–66, 125, 140, 167, 170
Chenobyl nuclear reactor, 157–58
natural gas imports of, 169
Orange Revolution in, 194
Russia and, 65–66, 125, 165, 166, 169, 174, 180, 184, 189, 195, 200, 202, 205, 284
Umbach, Frank, 68
Unconventional Gas Technical Engagement Program, 140
unconventional resources, defined, 148
unemployment, 108, 109
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 34, 254, 259, 265, 268, 270
United Kingdom, 27, 72, 258
United National Environment Program, 154
United Nations, 1, 128, 137, 228
Oil-for-Food Program, 284
United Nations Climate Change Conference (2015), 136, 137
United Nations Framework Convention, 155
United States, 5–8, 16
Arab oil embargo (1973) and, 66, 85, 86, 133, 263, 284
Canada and, 293
China and, 119, 136–39, 155, 215–16, 238–44, 246–47, 294–95, 298
energy independence and, 84–86, 90–91, 106–7, 286, 287, 292
GDP in, 110, 111, 126
import restrictions and, 91–93
job creation in, 110–11
leveraging new strategic environment, 181, 296–99
LNG exports, 175–76, 179, 241
Mexico and, 114–15, 293
military operations by, 119–21
natural gas exports and, 88, 105, 115, 116, 126, 175–78, 181, 227, 241–42, 287, 293, 306
natural gas production in, 70, 73, 75–76, 78, 79, 80, 88, 110–12, 290–91, 292
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