The Codebreakers: The True Story of the Secret Intelligence Team That Changed the Course of the First World War
Page 35
Scott, Barton 183
Scott, Major General Hugh 214, 215
Second World War, 1939–45 3, 295–6, 297, 300, 302–3
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), British 94–7, 123, 147
Secret Service, US 83–4, 87, 182, 219
Secret Service Bureau, The, British (later, SIS/MI6) 123
Secret Service Committee, The, British 290, 293
Shortt, Edward 212
Signal Service, British 162, 163, 260
Signalbuch der Kaiserlichen Marine (the Signal Book of the Imperial Navy) (SKM) 18–19, 20, 237
Sims, Admiral William 233
Sinclair, Captain Hugh 289
Singh, Ram 225, 226
Sinn Fein 212
Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Long Island 215
Smith-Cumming (‘C’), Commander Mansfield 94, 95, 96, 123, 125–6, 127, 232, 293
Smith, Sir F.E. 151
Smuts, Jan 109
Somme, Battle of the, 1916 1, 87, 120, 155, 164, 165, 168, 177, 263, 274
Sommerfield, Felix A. 190
Soviet Union 255, 301
Spain 1, 4, 125, 128, 129–36, 139, 140, 177, 204, 206, 209, 211, 299, 302
Spanish-American War, 1898 190–1, 267, 268
Special Branch 81, 121, 122–3, 150, 151, 293
Special Irish Branch 121
SS Friedrich der Grosse 77
St George 132
Stanton, Colonel Charles 265
State Department, US 196, 197–8, 216, 217, 218
Steinmetz, Erich von 173, 174
Strachey, Lytton 54, 55, 230–1
Strachey, Oliver 53–6, 54, 140, 241–2, 253, 300–1, 302, 303, 304–5
Strasser, Paul 109
Suez Canal 93, 239, 241
Sumner, Charles B. 40–1, 42
Swedish roundabout (German messages sent through Swedish cables to Washington) 194, 207–10
Sykes-Picot agreement, 1916 240–1
Syria 240, 246, 251
Tampico oil fields, Mexico 204
Tauscher, Captain Hans 65, 221
telegraph/telegrams 2, 3–4, 5, 17–18, 38, 39, 40, 44, 56, 66–7, 68, 69, 80, 82, 105, 113, 115, 137, 138, 185–99, 203, 208–9, 217, 218, 232, 237, 249, 256–7, 260, 267, 275–6, 277, 299, 300–1 see also wireless telegraph (WT) stations/masts
Telegraph code, The 275–6
telephone communication 40, 56, 105, 139, 162, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166–7, 192, 220, 243, 243, 258–9, 263, 270, 276, 277–8, 281, 284
The Spirit of ’76 (film) 221
Thompson, Reginald Campbell 244–6
Thomson, Sir Basil 81, 121–2, 123, 128, 150, 151, 152, 293–4
Thoroton, Colonel Charles 134, 136
Thring, E. W. C. 229
Thwaites, Norman 95, 96, 222
Thwaites, Sir William 289–90
‘Tony’s Lab’, Chevy Chase, Maryland 175, 176
Tosson, Arthur 179
Touche and Niven 94
Townshend, General 240, 243, 245
Toye, Francis 284
Trenchard, General Hugh 168
Trotsky, Leon 256–8
Tunney, Captain Thomas 1, 88–9, 88, 90–2, 95, 216, 223, 224, 225
Tuohy, Ferdinand 165–7, 168, 169, 251, 260, 263
Turing, Alan 302
Turner, Captain William 42
U-boats 3, 20, 24, 26, 30, 31, 33, 36, 41, 42, 43, 85, 93, 132, 133, 134–5, 136, 149, 150, 157, 161, 187, 192–4, 193, 198, 203, 211, 226, 227–38, 228, 239, 242, 257, 265, 283, 285–6, 299; E-35 135; E-48 135; U-19 149, 150; U-20 42, 43, 149; U-28 41; U-35 132, 136; U-139 286; U-156 134–5; U-157 134–5; UC–44 238
Ulster Unionists 141, 143
United States of America 1, 3; AEF 265–72, 275–8; British intelligence cooperation with intelligence services of 197–8, 207–12, 270, 271, 272; British intelligence involvement in during First World War 60, 69–70, 71, 74–5, 77–9, 81–2, 86, 87, 92–7, 171, 177, 183–4, 203–12, 297; British intelligence reads cables of 56–7, 193–4, 198; codebreakers/codes 213–26, 265–72, 275–8; entry into war 33–46, 71, 85, 86–7, 92–7, 141, 184, 185–99, 227, 256, 265–71, 275–8; German spies/sabotage attacks within 1, 59–97, 171–84, 203–12; intelligence services, birth of 87–92, 213–26, 265–72, 275–8; Irish republicanism and 96–7, 143–5; trade with/support for Britain whilst officially neutral 31, 33–6, 71, 74–5, 80, 94, 171, 177, 227; U-boat attacks on shipping 33–46, 71, 85–6, 93, 141; Zimmerman telegram and 185–99
University of California, Berkeley 222
Ursula 12
Van Deman, Ralph 213–16, 214, 218, 219, 225, 271
Vanderbilt, Alfred G. 38, 39
Venizelos, Eleftherios 137, 138
Verdun, Battle of, 1916 141, 164
Verkehrsbuch (VB) (German code book) 19–20
Versailles peace conference, 1918 289
Viereck, George Sylvester 40, 83, 84, 197
Vigilancia 198
Villa, General Francisco ‘Pancho’ 64, 188–92, 267
Voska, Emanuel Viktor 70, 78–9, 84, 96
Wagner, Arthur 213–14
War Department, US 216, 218
War Intelligence Centre, German, New York City 62, 75
War Office (WO), British 3, 51, 52, 56, 57, 101, 105, 124, 125, 128, 138, 140, 166, 234, 243, 248, 271, 289, 290
Warreux, Raymond de 266
Wassmuss, Wilhelm 59–60
Wedel, Count George von 146
Weiser, Max 75
Welchman, Gordon 303
Welland Canal, Canada 65–6, 68, 91, 92, 180
Wells, H. G. 131, 306; The War in the Air 100
Wesendonck, Otto Gunther von 222
Western Front 1, 2–3, 26, 56, 65, 93, 94, 96, 116, 141, 155, 161, 164, 165, 175, 226, 239, 251, 257, 258, 270–1, 277, 280, 281, 300 see also under individual area, battle and place name
Wheatstone, Sir Charles 260
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 22, 24, 31, 36, 39, 44, 52, 63, 73, 99, 100, 145, 186–7, 283, 286, 287
Williams, Trooper Charles 108
Willoughby, Professor Leonard 107
Wilson, Ellen 35
Wilson, Lloyd 180
Wilson, Woodrow 35, 44, 45, 46, 63, 83, 84, 85, 86, 92, 141, 145, 184, 188, 190, 194, 195, 196, 198–9, 209, 212, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 283, 285
Windhoek station, Africa 4
wireless, invention of 2, 3, 4–5, 9–11, 10
wireless telegraph (WT) stations/masts 2, 4, 17–18, 25, 52–3, 139, 140, 204–6, 228, 234, 235–7, 241, 243, 244, 249, 251, 262, 281
Wiseman, Sir William 94, 95, 96, 222
Witzke, Lothar 182, 183
Wodehouse, P. G 219
Woods, Arthur 89
Woolf, Leonard 55, 253
Woolf, Virginia 55, 253
XX Committee, British 304
Yardley, Herbert Osborne 216–17, 218, 271, 272
Yilderim cipher 242
Yinterim code 246
Young, George 60
Ypres: First Battle of, 1914 95, 165, 166, 168; Second Battle of, 1915 93, 94, 174; Third Battle of, (Passchendaele), 1917 259, 262, 263, 280
Zeppelins 1, 3, 20, 26, 99–109, 150, 160, 237, 241
Zimmermann telegram 185–99, 203, 204, 207, 209, 232, 237, 300
Zimmermann, Arthur 46, 67, 68, 146, 185–99, 186
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank our agent Sonia Land, at Sheil Land Associates Ltd, for her commitment and enthusiasm, and Lucy Fawcett, also at Sheil Land, for her valuable input. We extend our gratitude to Andrew Goodfellow, at Ebury Press, for his faith in the project, to Liz Marvin, our editor, for her excellent work, and to Jon Cooksey for his expert advice. We owe a considerable debt to Mark Bentley for getting the two of us in a room together for the first time. The staff at the Churchill Archives Centre were extremely helpful and accommodating. Many thanks to Timothy Stubbs for allowing us to use material from the Hall Papers.
James Wyllie: Without the continued support and encouragemen
t of my family and friends this book would have been more of a struggle and less of a pleasure to write. I hope you all enjoy the results!
Michael McKinley: I would like to express my deepest thanks to my wife Nancy and my daughter Rose for their inspiration, guidance and patience throughout the process of writing this book. I can’t imagine how I would have done it without them.
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