by Steven Stoll
Owen, Robert
Oxfam
Oxford University
Ozark Mountains
Pack, Charles Lathrop
Paine, Thomas
Paint Creek Coal and Iron Mining and Manufacturing Company
Paint Creek Strike
Pakistan
Palestine
Panic of 1893
Paris Climate Accord
Paris International Exposition
Parks, Rosa
Parliament, British; Board of Agriculture
Pastoral or Arcadian State, The (Cole)
Pawnee nation
Paxton Riots
Peasants’ Revolt
Peeled Chestnut Gap
Peloponnesian Peninsula
Penn, William
Pennsylvania; coal industry in; map of; oil wells in; tax rebellion in, see Whiskey Rebellion; University of, Wharton School of Business; see also Philadelphia; Pittsburgh
People’s Party
Pequot War
Perelman, Michael
Petty, Adrienne Monteith
Philadelphia
Philippines
Picket, Clarence
Piedmont
Piedmont College
Piers Plowman (Langland)
Pinchot, Gifford
Pit, The (Norris)
Pittsburgh
Pittston Coal Company
plantations; in developing countries; of European colonialists; Indian ejection advocated by owners of; slaves on
Plant-Cutter Riots
Plymouth Rock
Pocahontas Coal Company
Polanyi, Karl
Polish immigrants
Polk, Leonidas L.
Pollard, Edward
Pontiac’s Rebellion
“Poor White Trash” (anonymous)
Population Bomb (Ehrlich)
Port-au-Prince
Port Royal Experiment
Postal Service, U.S.
Potomac and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company
Powell, Webster
Power and Powerlessness (Gaventa)
Prebisch, Raúl
Price, Ben
Price, Henry M.
Proclamation Line
Progress and Poverty (George)
Prohibition
Protestants
Prussia
Pudup, Mary Beth
Puritans
Pythagoras
Quakers
Raine, James Watt
Raketsky, John
Ramapo Mountains; people of
Recent Economic Changes (Wells)
Reclaim Act (2016)
Reconstruction
Red Cloud
Reed family
Remington, Frederick
Report on Manufactures (Hamilton)
Republican Party
Republicans, Jeffersonian
Resettlement Administration
Revolutionary War; agrarian uprisings related to (see also Shays’ Rebellion; Whiskey Rebellion); economic impact on farmers of; land ownership by elites of; treaty negotiations with Indians following end of
Reynolds, John
Rhône Valley
Ricardo, David
Richard II, King of England
Ridge and Valley
Rights of Man, The (Paine)
Ripley and Mill Creek Valley Railroad
River of Earth (Still)
Robertson, Susanah
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe)
Rochester, Anna
Rockefeller, Jay
Rockefeller, John D.
Rockefeller Foundation
Rocky Mountains
Rogers, Harold
Rölvaag, Ole
Roman Empire
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Roosevelt, Franklin
Roosevelt, Theodore
Rosaldo, Renato
Rosebud Mining
Rosengarten, Theodore
Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul N.
Ross, Malcolm
Rostow, W. W.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Rowland Land Company
Roy, Arundhati
rubber production
Rush, Benjamin
Russia
Sachs, Honor
Sachs, Jeffrey
Sahlins, Marshall
St. Clair, Arthur
Saint Johns River
Saint Paul Press
Salstrom, Paul
Samers, Michael
Sand Hill and Mud Lick Oil Company
San Joaquin Valley (California)
Santa Fe Ring
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Saudi Arabia
savagery; Indians associated with; novels depicting; political economists’ view of; uplanders accused of
Savage State, The (Cole)
Savo-Karelians
Say, Jean-Baptiste
Scandinavian immigrants
Schultz, Theodore
Schumacher, E. F.
Scotland
Scots-Irish; degeneracy attributed to; whiskey tax opposed by
Scott, H.R.
Scott, James C.
Scottish philosophers
Scotts Run
Scribner, Charles
Sea Islands
Second World War, see World War II
self-provisioning; see also captured gardens; smallholders
“Self-Reliance” (Emerson)
Seminole
Semple, Ellen Churchill
Senate, U.S.; see also Congress, U.S.
serfs
Shakespeare, William
Shanin, Teodor
sharecroppers
Sharecroppers’ Union
Shawnee nation
Shays’ Rebellion
Shenandoah National Park
Shenandoah Valley
Shepard, Thomas
Sheridan, Philip
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Shils, Edward
Short Cut, Watchung Station, New Jersey (Inness)
Shoshone nation
Siegfried, André
Sierra Leone
Silicon Valley
Sinclair, John
Sinking Spring Farm
Sioux nation
Sirionó people
Skidmore, Hubert
slaves; from Africa; during Civil War; escaped; food raised by; former, discrimination against; freed; Haitian, revolution of; Indians as owners of; industrialization involving; on plantations; political conflicts over ownership of; during Whiskey Rebellion
Slotkin, Richard
Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (Nixon)
smallholders; capitalism and; in developing countries; enclosure and; former slaves as; market participation of; moralistic views of poverty of; population growth of; sharecroppers compared to; slaveholders versus; during Whiskey Rebellion; see also makeshift economies; tenant farmers
Smith, Adam; on division of labor; on taxation; theory of stages as historical assumption of
Smith, J. Allen
Smith, J. Russell
Smith, John
Social Contract, The (Rousseau)
Société Sucrière de Markala (Sosumar)
Sohn, Mark F.
Sosumar
Soungo (Mali)
South Africa
South Carolina
South Carolina Greenwood and August Railroad
South Dakota
Southern Highlander and His Homeland, The (Campbell)
Southern Pacific Railroad
South Midlands
sovereignty; of Indian nations
Soviet Union
Spain
Special Field Order, No. 15
Spicer, Ross
Spruce Mountain
stages, theory of
Stages of Economic Growth, The (Rostow)
Stalder, Bill
Standard Oil
Statistics of Coal (Taylor)
; Steuart, James,
Stewart, Dugald
Stewart, Jessy and Anabelle
Still, James
Stone Age Economics (Sahlins)
Story of Woodbine Farm, The (Zinn)
Strickland, William
Study of History, A (Toynbee)
Subsidized Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Subsistence Homestead Authority
Superfund Sites
Supreme Court, U.S.
Susquehanna River Valley
Sweden
Swedish immigrants
Sweezy, Paul
swidden agriculture
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania
Tate, Allan
Taylor, Richard Cowling
Tecumseh
Teller, Henry
Temple, William
tenant farmers; African-American; on coal company properties; in England; during Whiskey Rebellion
Tennessee
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Tenskwatawa
Texas
Thailand
theory of stages
Thirsk, Joan
Thomas, Charlie
Thoreau, Henry David
“three-fifths” clause
Three Acres and Liberty (Bolton)
Thünen, Johann Heinrich von
timber industry, see lumber companies
Timber Ridge
tobacco
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Toledo Weekly
Totten family
tourism
Townsend, Joseph
Toynbee, Arnold
“Tragedy of the Commons, The” (Hardin)
Trail of the Lonesome Pine, The (Fox)
Trail of Tears
Transforming Traditional Agriculture (Schultz)
Treasury, U.S.
treaties
Tresham, Thomas
Tribe, Keith
Trouillot, Michel-Ralph
Trump, Donald
Tuareg
Tug Fork River
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques
Turner, Frederick Jackson
Tuscarora War
Tutankhamun, King
Twelve Southerners (the Agrarians)
Tyler, Wat
Ulster-Scots, see Scots-Irish
Union Pacific Railroad
United Mine Workers of America
United Nations; Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF); Climate Change Conference; Development Programme; Food and Agriculture Organization; Human Development Index; International Fund for Agricultural Development
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
United States Chamber of Commerce
Unsettling of America, The (Berry)
Urquhart, David
Utah Territory
Valley Campaign (1864)
Vance, J. D.
Vanderbilt University
Vandever family
Venice
Vermont
Vermont insurgency
Veteran in a New Field (Homer)
Vietnam
Viner, Jacob
Virgil
Virginia; cattle in; in Civil War; coal industry in; commerce in; constitution of; farming in; land ownership in; map of; Tidewater counties of; transport of coal to factories in; travelers’ descriptions of backcountry of; western (see also West Virginia); Whiskey Tax resistance in
Virginia Tourist, The (Pollard)
Volga River Valley
Waggoner, Eric
Wagner Act (1935)
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon
Walden (Thoreau)
Wales
Walking with the Comrades (Roy)
Waller, Altina
Wallerstein, Immanuel
Walmart
Warden, Nimrod
Ware, Harold
War of 1812
War on Poverty
Washington, D.C.
Washington, George; lands owned by; Whiskey Tax supported by
Washington, University of
Watauga Association
Waters, Tony
Wayne, Anthony
Way They Live, The (Anshutz)
“Wealth” (Emerson)
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith)
Weaver, John C.
Weeks Act (1911)
Weise, Robert
Welch, Isaiah
Wells, David
Wenman, Philip, Viscount Wenman of Tuam
West Indies
West Kalimantan (Borneo)
West Virginia; Arthurdale project in; Board of Agriculture of; before Civil War, see Virginia, western; coal industry in; Coal Mining Institute of; constitutions of; corporations chartered in; dialect of English spoken in; ecological base of agrarianism in; enclosure in; feuds in; founding of; House of Delegates of; impact of industrialization in; logging in; map of; mountain farming economy in; population of
West Virginia University
West Virginia Wesleyan University
Wharton, Edith
Wheeling (West Virginia)
Wheeling, Pittsburgh and Baltimore Railroad
Whiskey Rebellion; backcountry rebellion context of; collapse of; conflict between woodland culture and land ownership and use patterns preceding; constitutional powers of government and; Federalist versus Jeffersonian approaches to control of region of; structure and enforcement of taxes provoking; Washington and Hamilton lead militia against
White, Ed
White Mountains
white supremacy
Whitten, David O.
Wickard v. Filburn (1943)
Wilder, Laura Ingalls
Wilderness Road
Willey, Waitman T.
Wilkinson, James
Willamette Valley (Oregon)
William of Orange
Williams, David
Williams, John Alexander
Williams, Raymond
Williamson, Oliver E.
Willis, Lewis
Wilson, Milburn
Winchester and Potomac Railroad
Winstanley, Gerrard
Winston Magna
Wisconsin
Wister, Owen
Wolf, Eric
Woodbury, Levi
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
World Bank
world-systems analysis
World War I
World War II
Wright, Bert
Wrightson, Keith
Wyoming
Yale Law School
Young, Arthur
Zimmerman, Carle C.
Zinn, William
ALSO BY STEVEN STOLL
The Great Delusion: A Mad Inventor, Death in the Tropics, and the Utopian Origins of Economic Growth
U.S. Environmentalism Since 1945: A Brief History with Documents
Larding the Lean Earth: Soil and Society in Nineteenth-Century America
The Fruits of Natural Advantage: Making the Industrial Countryside in California
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Steven Stoll is a professor of history at Fordham University and the author of The Great Delusion (Hill and Wang, 2008) and Larding the Lean Earth (Hill and Wang, 2002). His writing has appeared in Harper’s Magazine, Lapham’s Quarterly, and the New Haven Review. You can sign up for email updates here.
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CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
DEDICATION
EPIGRAPHS
MAP
PREFACE
1. Contemporary Ancestors
FROM DANIEL BOO
NE TO HILL-BILLY
2. Provision Grounds
ON CAPITALISM AND THE ATLANTIC PEASANTRY
3. The Rye Rebellion
WHY ALEXANDER HAMILTON INVADED THE MOUNTAINS
4. Mountaineers Are Always Free
ON LOSING LAND AND LIVELIHOOD
5. Interlude: Agrarian Twilight
THE ART OF DISPOSSESSION
6. The Captured Garden
SUBSISTENCE UNDER INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM
7. Negotiated Settlements
THE FATE OF THE COMMONS AND THE COMMONERS
PHOTOGRAPHS
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INDEX
ALSO BY STEVEN STOLL
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Hill and Wang
A division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux
175 Varick Street, New York 10014
Copyright © 2017 by Steven Stoll
All rights reserved
First edition, 2017
Portions of chapter 5 first appeared, in slightly different form, as “Nowhere, Fast: George Inness’s Short Cut and Agrarian Dispossession” in Environmental History 18 (October 2013): 786–94. Portions of chapter 6 first appeared, in slightly different form, as “The Captured Garden: The Political Ecology of Subsistence Under Capitalism” in International Labor and Working-Class History 85 (Spring 2014): 75–96.
E-book ISBN: 978-1-4299-4697-1
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