Sam Houston and the Alamo Avengers
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and march to San Antonio, 46
marriage of, 22
as officer in Texian Army, 48
and orders to destroy Alamo, 90–93
pleas for Fannin’s assistance, 107–8
provisions secured by, 106
and San Antonio siege, 69, 74
in Santa Anna’s report, 136
scouting missions of, 71–72
temper of, 21–22
Texas county named for, 224
and Travis’s final address to troops, 121–22
willingness to fight, 47
Bowie, James, Jr., 47
Bowie, Maria Elva, 46–47
Bowie, Ursula, 46
Brazos River, 20, 172–73, 176, 179, 181
Brooks, John Sowers, 113
Bryan, Moses Austin, 71, 188, 204
Buffalo Bayou, 193–94
Burleson, Edward
background of, 71
as general of militia, 71
and Grass Fight, 71, 72, 73
and San Antonio siege/assault, 74, 80, 82
and White Mill reserve force, 75
Burnet, David G.
demanding Houston fight, 177
disdain for Houston, 216–17
on elections, 219
evading Mexican Army, 190
on Houston’s leadership, 167
as president of Texas, 165
Texas county named for, 224
as vice president to Lamar, 225
Butler, Anthony, 9, 12, 16
Caesar, Julius, 1
Carey, William R., 84
Carroll, William, 5, 7
Castañeda, Francisco de, 34–36, 37–38
Castrillón, Fernández, 133, 135, 203, 207
Cherokee
and Houston’s marriage to Tianh, 13
Houston’s peacemaking mission, 90
Houston’s years with, 5–6, 7, 13
represented by Houston in Washington, D.C., 12, 13
Choctaw, 13
cholera epidemic, 47
Civil War, U.S., 229–30
Clay, Henry, 8, 229
Collinsworth, George M., 40, 225–26
Collinsworth’s militia, 40, 41–42
Colorado River, crossing, 162–63, 176
Comanche, 22, 25
Consultation, 49–52, 68–69
Cos, Martín Perfecto de
and Battle of San Jacinto, 200, 203
and Battle of the Alamo, 125
confidence in superiority of army, 45
fortification of the Alamo, 96
occupation of San Antonio, 63, 64
orders to squash resistance, 28–29, 43–44
and reinforcements for Mexican Army, 188
retreat from San Antonio, 85
size of forces in San Antonio, 48
surrender order issued by, 83–84, 105
Texians’ siege/assault on San Antonio, 45, 48, 63, 64, 79, 105
Council of Texas, 50–52
Creek, 13
Crockett, David
arrival at Alamo, 97, 99–100
background of, 97–99
and Battle of the Alamo, 115, 131, 133, 135
death of, 135, 137
fiddle playing of, 100, 116, 137, 252n17
legendary status of, 226
and Santa Anna, 135, 136
Travis on leadership of, 112
Curtis, Jimmy, 205
Cypress City, 182
declaration of independence, 86, 118, 187
Delgado, Pedro, 227
Dickinson, Almeron
and Battle of Gonzalez, 37, 38
and Battle of the Alamo, 125, 130, 133
cannon repaired by, 33
death of, 133
evacuation of wife and child, 32–33, 106
farewell to wife and child, 130
and fortification of Alamo, 100
and Houston’s orders to destroy Alamo, 92
responsibility for artillery, 44
Travis on gallantry of, 112
Dickinson, Angelina Elizabeth
escorted from San Antonio, 139
evacuation of, 32–33
father’s farewell to, 130
postwar life of, 227
retreat into Alamo, 106
and ring of Travis, 122
and Santa Anna, 136–38
Dickinson, Susanna
battle recounted to Houston, 143
escorted from San Antonio, 139
evacuation of, 32–33
husband’s farewell to, 130
post-war life of, 227
retreat into Alamo, 106
and ring of Travis, 122
and Santa Anna, 136–38
on threat of Mexican Army, 144, 160
on Travis’s final address to troops, 253n22
Earl, Ralph E., 223
East Texas
army recruits from, 167
Houston’s requests for supplies and men from, 176–77
Santa Anna’s threats against, 169–70
Ehrenberg, Herman, 226, 250n11
Esparza, Enrique, 107, 129, 226
Ewing, Alexander, 209, 216
Fannin, James
and Battle of Concepción, 60, 145
and Battle of the Prairie, 150–56
battle wounds of, 153
and campsite near San Antonio, 54, 55
death of, 158–59
escorted back to Goliad, 157–58
and massacre of troops sent to Refugio, 147–48
and Matamoros plan, 87–88
and news of defeat at the Alamo, 146–47
as officer in Texian Army, 48
and orders to withdraw from Goliad, 142, 145, 147–49
and “remember Fannin!” battle cries, 206
retreat from Goliad, 149–51
and San Antonio siege, 74
surrender of, 154–56, 157, 165–66
Texas county named for, 224
and Travis’s pleas for help, 107–8, 112–13, 116, 119–20, 146
and Urrea, 155–56, 157, 255n17
Field, Joseph, 79
Filisola, Vicente, 227
Florida, 8
Fort Defiance. See Goliad
Fort Mims, massacre at, 1, 3
forts, Houston on limitations of, 162
General Council, 69, 85, 87
Goliad, 146
and Alavez, Angel of Goliad, 159, 256n21
army recruits from, 45
avenged at Battle of San Jacinto, 208–9, 231
as base of operations for region, 41
captured by Collinsworth’s militia, 41–42
leadership of (see Fannin, James)
massacre of prisoners at, 157–59, 213–14
Mexican Army’s march on, 144
news of massacre at, 160, 177
orders to withdrawal from, 142, 145, 147–49
retreat from, 149–51 (see also Battle of the Prairie)
revenge for, sought by Houston, 189
Santa Anna’s plans to attack, 115, 170
supplies at, 147
and Travis’s pleas for help from, 107–8, 112–13, 116, 119–20, 146
Gonzales, Texas
cannon of, 30–32, 33–35, 37–38
evacuation of women and children, 32–33
Houston’s orders to destroy, 161
Mexican Army’s attempt to seize cannon, 30–31, 34–36
and news of defeat at the Alamo, 142, 143
reinforcements sent to the Alamo, 116–17
small arms of,
33–34
volunteers’ arrival in, 42–43
See also Battle of Gonzalez
government in Texas
and declaration of independence, 118, 187
established by Consultation, 49–52, 69
and news of defeat at the Alamo, 165
paralysis in, 87
retreat from advancing Mexican Army, 165
Santa Anna detained by, 220–21
targeted by Santa Anna, 180–81, 186–87, 190
and Travis’s pleas for help, 140–41
governor of Texas, 69
Grant, James, 88, 92
Grass Fight, 71–73
Groce, Jared, 174
Groce’s Landing encampment, 174–75, 176, 177
Guadalupe River, crossing, 174–75
Harrisburg
Army of Texas’s march on, 182–83, 185
burned by Mexican Army, 187
Mexican Army’s march on, 185–86
and Texas government officials targeted by Santa Anna, 180–81, 186–87
Hockley, George Washington, 162, 204, 209, 211–12, 221
Holley, Mary Austin, 27, 123
Horseshoe Bend, battle of, 1–3, 14, 89, 162
Houston, Andrew Jackson, 228
Houston, Maggie, 230
Houston, Sam
alcohol consumption of, 7, 228
and armistice, 214–15
arrest and trials for assaulting Stanbery, 14–15
battle wounds of, 2–3, 5, 14, 89, 207, 208, 209, 216
and Cherokee peacemaking mission, 90, 112, 117
and civilian evacuation, 161, 162, 165, 171–72, 186, 216, 230
as commander in chief, 118
and Committee of Safety, 30
conversion to Catholicism, 18
and Council of Texas, 50–52
courage of, 1–2, 3
death of, 230
and declaration of independence, 118
early military career of, 1–3, 6, 69
on forts’ limitations, 162
as general of Army of Texas, 69 (see also Army of Texas)
and governance of Texas, 49–52, 141
as governor of Texas, 229
and gun repair for soldier, 178–79
headquarters of, 86–87
height of, 12
iconic status of, 230
land acquired by, 22
law practice of, 18
leadership qualities of, 1–2, 69
marriages of, 6–7, 13, 18, 228
medical treatment in New Orleans, 216, 217–18
memoir of, 231
and Mexican scouts, 171
and news of defeat at the Alamo, 142, 143
and news of massacre at Goliad, 177
as “Old San Jacinto,” 218
orders to destroy and evacuate the Alamo, 91–93, 112, 118
orders to withdraw from Goliad, 142, 145, 147–49
parents of, 5–6
political career in Tennessee, 6–7
postwar life of, 228, 230
as president of Texas, 219, 229
recruitment efforts of, 45, 73–74, 85
and “remember the Alamo!” call to battle, 192, 206
retreating from Mexican Army, 160–66, 167, 171, 172–74, 181–82
and San Antonio siege, 49–52, 69, 73–74
and Santa Anna, 212–15, 221
and Travis’s pleas for help, 112, 117–18, 141
as U.S. senator, 229
Houston, Sam, Jr., 230
independence of Texas
Austin on inevitability of, 27
and Battle of San Jacinto, 200, 211, 215, 230, 231, 232
and Consultation, 52, 68–69
growing interest in, 25, 43
Houston’s pursuit of, 49
Jackson’s interest in, 169
Texians’ demand for, 86, 118, 187
Indian policy of Jackson administration, 13
Jackson, Andrew
and Adams, 7–8
affection for Houston, 13
and annexation of Texas, 223, 229
attempt to purchase Texas from Mexico, 9, 12, 16
and Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1, 2
and Battle of New Orleans, 5
and Crockett, 97, 98
death of, 229
as father figure to Houston, 2, 5, 6
home of, 6, 15–16
and Houston’s brag about conquering Texas, 16
and Houston’s move to Texas, 16, 17
and Houston’s political career, 6
and Houston’s return to Washington, 12–13
and Indian policy, 13
interest in Texas, 9, 16–17, 25, 27, 169, 221, 222–23
money loaned to Houston by, 17
and presidential election of 1828, 9
and Santa Anna, 169, 220–21, 222–23
soldiers’ devotion to, 179
suit purchased for Houston’s trial, 14
as U.S. senator, 6
Jackson, Rachel, 6, 15
Jameson, Green B., 94, 96, 100, 114, 128
Jefferson, Thomas, 8
Karnes, Henry
and Battle of Concepción, 56, 57
and Battle of San Jacinto, 198
and Grass Fight, 72
Mexican courier intercepted by, 187–88
Mexican scout captured by, 164
and San Antonio assault, 80–81
and San Antonio reconnaissance trip, 142–43
Texas county named for, 224
Key, Francis Scott “Frank,” 14
Labadie, Nicholas, 182, 226
Lamar, Mirabeau Bonaparte, 198–99, 204, 219, 225
Lea, Margaret, 218, 228
liberty, Texians’ defense of, 110–11, 119, 143, 232
Life of Sam Houston, The (Houston), 231
Louisiana Purchase, 8
Lynchburg, 191
Lynch’s Ferry, 188, 191, 195
Madison, James, 8
Mann, Pamelia, 182–84
Martin, Albert, 33, 35, 177, 182
Martin, Wyly, 173
Matamoros, Mexico, 87–89
McGregor, John, 116
Mexican Army under command of Cos
and Alamo fortifications, 96
and Battle of Concepción, 56, 56–59, 61
and Battle of Gonzalez, 36–38
and cannon of Gonzalez, 30–31, 34–36
and Grass Fight, 71–73
horses and mules of, 66, 74
muskets of, 61
occupation of San Antonio, 63–64
and orders for no quarter, 82, 84
and reinforcements, 82
and San Antonio siege, 74–75
size of forces, 63
surrender and retreat of, 83–85, 105
Mexican Army under command of Santa Anna
and armistice, 214–15
arrival in Texas, 102–3, 104
and Battle of the Prairie, 150–56
at Brazos River crossing, 176, 179
burial of dead soldiers, 138
and Goliad massacre, 157–59, 213–14
march on Goliad, 150
march on Harrisburg, 185–86
march on Lynchburg, 191, 195
march to Texas, 86, 105
massacre of Refugio reinforcements, 148–49
nearing San Antonio, 106
no-quarter orders of, 107, 126–27, 133, 135
and reinforcements, 113, 119, 200
scouts and scouting missions of, 163–64, 171
size of forces, 117, 160, 1
88, 202
and spring rains, 185–86
surrender at Battle of San Jacinto, 209–10
and three-part plan of Santa Anna, 169–70, 170
uniforms of, 204
See also Battle of San Jacinto; Battle of the Alamo
Mexico
Austin’s changed views of, 29
and border negotiations of Adams, 8
closure of Texas border, 20, 23
federal constitution of, 9
freedom suppressed in, 25
Houston’s brag about conquering, 16
independence from Spain, 9, 24
and Mexican-American War (1846–48), 227, 229
president (see Santa Anna, Antonio López de)
rebellion suppressed in, 23, 24
and resistance in Zacatecas, 27–28
and settlement of Texas, 9, 12, 19, 20
statehood sought by Texas residents, 23, 26, 29, 52
and Treaties of Velasco, 217–18
U.S. negotiations to purchase Texas from, 9, 12, 16
Milam, Benjamin Rush
background of, 39–40
death of, 81–82, 85
and San Antonio assault, 75–79
Texas county named for, 224
volunteering to serve, 40
Milam, Sam, 44
Mission Concepción, 54–59, 56
Mission San José, 54
Mission San Juan Capistrano, 54
Monroe, James, 8–9
Moore, John, 36–37, 43, 44
Morales, Juan, 125
Morgan, Abel, 152, 153
Nacogdoches
and Committee of Safety, 30
history of, 18
Houston’s home in, 18, 218
and law practice of Houston, 18
recruits from, 64
Native Americans
and battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1–3, 14, 89
Houston as U.S. representative to, 17, 22, 25
and massacre at Fort Mims, 1, 3
in Texas, 19
See also Cherokee
Neill, James Clinton
and Battle of San Jacinto, 198, 204
battle wounds of, 198
and fortification of Alamo, 100
and orders to destroy Alamo, 91–92
and “Twin Sisters” cannons, 178
New Orleans Greys, 75, 150, 226
New Washington, 190–91, 195
Oo-Loo-Te-Ka, Chief of Cherokee nation, 5, 7
Osage, 13
Peggy Lake, 196, 209
Peña, José Enrique de la, 227
Pensacola, Florida, 8–9
Ponton, Andrew, 31–32, 35
Potter, Robert, 141
Raguet, Henry, 193
Red Stick Creek Native Americans, 1, 2–3
Refugio mission, 89, 147–48, 157
“remember the Alamo!” battle cry, 192, 206–7
Revolutionary War, 3, 5, 174
Rogers, Dianah (Tianh), 13, 18
Romero, José María, 125, 130