The Heir Apparent

by Jane Ridley

  51. QV to Vicky, 13 May 1868, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 189.

  52. The Times, 20 May 1868. QV to Theodore Martin, 14 May 1868, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 1, pp. 529–30.

  53. Vicky to QV, 12 May 1868, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 187.

  54. Hibbert, Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals, p. 1.

  55. “The Donkey’s Daughter: Early Memories of Mary Critchley–Salmonson,” typescript, n.d.

  56. The Times, 21 February 1870. Elizabeth Hamilton, The Warwickshire Scandal (Michael Russell, 1999), pp. 38–39.

  57. Ibid., p. 38.

  58. Ibid., pp. 70–74. An Official Report of the Cause Célèbre Mordaunt v. Mordaunt, Cole and Johnstone (Evans, Oliver, 1870), pp. 67, 71. The Times, 21, 26 February 1870.

  59. QV to Vicky, 10 July 1868, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 201.

  60. RA VIC/Add A3/113, B to QV, 27 September 1868. RA VIC Add A3/112, B to QV, 15 August 1868.

  61. RA VIC/Z449/20, QV to B, October 1868 (copy).

  62. Alix to QV, 28 October 1868, in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 98.

  63. RA VIC/Z449/27, B to QV, 5 November 1868.

  64. RA VIC/Add A3/118, B to QV, 31 December 1868.

  65. RA VIC/Add A3/117, B to QV, 24 December 1868.

  66. QV to Vicky, 29 December 1868, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 208.

  67. RA VIC/Add A3/128, B to QV, 26 February 1869.

  68. RA VIC/Add A3/117, B to QV, 24 December 1868.

  69. Vicky to QV, 23 January 1869, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 220.

  70. QV to Vicky, 27 January 1869, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 221.

  71. RA VIC/Add A3/121, QV to B, 18 January 1869 (copy).

  72. RA VIC/Add A3/121, QV to B, 18 January 1869 (copy). RA VIC/Add A3/113, B to QV, 27 September 1868.

  73. RA VIC/Add A3/125, B to QV, 9 February 1869.

  74. Ibid.

  75. RA VIC/Add A3/135, B to QV, 7 May 1869.

  76. The Times, 17 February 1870, evidence of Elizabeth Hancox, nurse.

  77. The Times, 19 February 1870, evidence of Sir Charles Mordaunt.

  78. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 128, 138.

  79. Gail Savage, “Erotic Stories and Public Decency: Newspaper Reporting of Divorce Proceedings in England,” Historical Journal, vol. 41 (1998), p. 513.

  80. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 166, 177.

  81. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.

  82. Gunton Bill of Fare, 10, 13, 14 January 1870 (Gerard Stamp).

  83. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Charles Carrington to his mother, 10 January 1870.

  84. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870. Lord Suffield, My Memories (Herbert Jenkins, 1913), pp. 154–55.

  85. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 203, 223–24.

  86. RA VIC/Z449/66, B to QV, 10 February 1870.

  87. RA VIC/Z449/70, B to QV, 14 February 1870.

  88. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.

  89. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 293–310.

  90. Kilvert’s Diary, ed. William Plomer (Jonathan Cape, 1938), vol. 1, p. 40.

  91. RA VIC/Add A25/279, QV to Colonel Elphinstone, 24 February 1870.

  92. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 16 February 1870.

  93. Official Report of the Cause Célèbre Mordaunt v. Mordaunt, pp. 54–55.

  94. RA VIC/Z449/74, B to QV, 17 [sic—actually 18] February 1870.

  95. RA VIC/Z449/79, Lord Hatherley to QV, 21 February 1870.

  96. RA VIC/Z449/77, General Knollys to QV, 18 February 1870.

  97. RA VIC/Z449/79, Lord Hatherley to QV, 21 February 1870.

  98. Alexander Cockburn to POW, 21 February 1870, in Giles St. Aubyn, Edward VII (Collins, 1979), pp. 161–62.

  99. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Bundle “Mordaunt Case,” B to Francis Knollys, n.d.

  100. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 350–51.

  101. RA VIC/Z449/83, B to QV, 23 February 1870.

  102. The Gladstone Diaries, vol. 7, ed. H. C. G. Matthew (Clarendon Press, 1982), p. 242, 23 February 1870.

  103. RA VIC/Z449/93, Delane to Arthur Helps, 25 February 1870.

  104. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.

  105. See Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal.

  106. Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, Lord of the Dance (Debrett’s, 1986), pp. 90, 120.

  107. QV to Vicky, 2 March 1870, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 263.

  108. Reynolds’s Newspaper, 20 March 1871.

  109. QV to Vicky, 2 March 1870, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 263.

  110. RA VIC/Z449/86, William Gladstone to B, 23 February 1870.

  111. RA VIC/Z449/94, QV to Alix, 13 March 1870 (copy).

  112. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 20 March 1870.

  113. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, pp. 386, 426.

  CHAPTER 9: ANNUS HORRIBILIS 1870–71

  1. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 13 June 1870.

  2. Hamilton, Warwickshire Scandal, p. 381.

  3. Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 357; The Times, 21, 25 April 1870; Reynolds’s Newspaper, 24 April 1870.

  4. A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93): Between September 1869 and March 1878 (hereafter Derby Diaries 1869–78), ed. John Vincent (Royal Historical Society, 1994), p. 77 (5 March 1871).

  5. See Dorothy Thompson, Queen Victoria (Virago, 1990), ch. 4.

  6. Fitzwilliam Museum, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 33–1975, Diary, 18 August 1885.

  7. Selected Extracts from the Journal of Lewis Harcourt, ed. Patrick Jackson (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2006), pp. 81–82, 17 February 1885.

  8. Downer, Queen’s Knight, pp. 178, 183–84.

  9. Ibid., p. 182.

  10. RA VIC/Add A3/115, B to QV, 9 December 1868.

  11. Fitzwilliam, Blunt Papers, MS 33–1975, Diary, 18 August 1885, Wilfrid Blunt’s record of conversation with Catherine Walters, aka Skittles. Skittles is an unreliable witness, but this story seems to fit the facts. Bertie was at Abergeldie from 26 August to 13 September 1869. (The Times, 30 August, 13 September 1869.) Boehm was at Balmoral at the same time. See Mark Stocker, Royalist and Realist: The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm (New York: Garland, 1988), pp. 80–88.

  12. RA VIC/A17/496, B to Princess Louise, 13 September 1871.

  13. RA VIC/A17/332, B to Princess Louise, 5 December 1869.

  14. RA VIC/Z173/13, QV to Princess Louise, 21 February 1884.

  15. Downer, Queen’s Knight, p. 255. Jehanne Wake, Princess Louise (Collins, 1988), pp. 116–17. According to a story printed in Reynolds’s Newspaper (26 March 1876), Duckworth himself informed the Queen of Louise’s inappropriate feelings toward him, offering to resign in order to avoid scandal.

  16. RA VIC/Z173/13, QV to Princess Louise, 21 February 1884.

  17. RA VIC/Z173/12, Princess Louise to QV, 19 February 1884.

  18. RA VIC/A17/381, B to Princess Louise, 10 October 1870.

  19. RA VIC/A17/390, B to QV, 23 October 1870.

  20. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 6 March 1871.

  21. RA VIC/Z449/114, B to QV, 21 July 1870.

  22. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 4 September 1870.

  23. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 308–10.

  24. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 14 March 1871.

  25. Ibid., 4 July 1871.

  26. Camp, Royal Mistresses, pp. 357–58; Anita Leslie, Edwardians in Love (Hutchinson, 1972), p. 205; Simona Pakenham, 60 Miles from England: The English at Dieppe (Macmillan, 1967), pp. 123–25.

  27. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 26 November 1870. The Times, 11 November 1870. John Martin Robinson, “Sandringham,” Country Li
fe, 29 May 2008.

  28. A Lonely Business: A Self-Portrait of James Pope-Hennessy, ed. Peter Quennell (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981), p. 230.

  29. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 26 November 1870. The Times, 3 December 1870.

  30. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 26 November 1870. RA VIC/Z449/128, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 8 April 1871.

  31. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 16 March 1871.

  32. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 17 February 1871.

  33. RA VIC/T5/43, B to QV, 10 April 1871.

  34. RA VIC/Z449/127, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 7 April 1871.

  35. RA VIC/T5/36, B to QV, 6 April 1871.

  36. RA VIC/Z449/127, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 7 April 1871.

  37. RA VIC/T5/36, B to QV, 6 April 1871.

  38. RA VIC/Add A8/43, Mrs. Stonor to the Duchess of Teck, 7 April 1871.

  39. RA VIC/Z449/131, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 10 April 1871.

  40. RA VIC/Z449/127, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 7 April 1871.

  41. RA VIC/Z449/128, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 8 April 1871.

  42. RA VIC/T5/40, B to QV, 8 April 1871.

  43. RA VIC/Z449/132, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 11 April 1871. RA VIC/T5/42, B to QV, 9 April 1871.

  44. RA VIC/Z449/132, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 11 April 1871.

  45. Ibid.

  46. Ibid.

  47. RA VIC/Z449/140, Dean of Windsor to QV, 18 April 1871.

  48. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 10 September 1873.

  49. RA VIC/T5/38, B to QV, 7 April 1871.

  50. RA VIC/Z449/140, Dean of Windsor to QV, 18 April 1871.

  51. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 27 May 1871.

  52. RA VIC/Z459/15, Orders from Lord Chamberlain’s Office for Court Going into Mourning for Infant Prince John, 8 April 1871.

  53. RA VIC/T5/43, B to QV, 10 April 1871.

  54. Reynolds’s Newspaper, 16 April 1871.

  55. Reynolds’s Newspaper, 7 May 1871.

  56. The New York Times, 8 May 1871, quoted in Reynolds’s Newspaper, 4 June 1871.

  57. Richard Williams, The Contentious Crown (Ashgate, 1997), p. 38.

  58. “The Monarchy and the People,” The Economist, 22 July 1871, in Collected Works of Walter Bagehot, vol. 5, ed. Norman St. John Stevas (The Economist, 1974), p. 431.

  59. Solomon Temple, Builder, What Does She Do with It? (Alfred Boot, 1871), p. 71.

  60. Quoted in Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, pp. 207–8.

  61. William Gladstone to Lord Granville, 26 September 1870, in The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville 1868–1876, ed. Agatha Ramm (Royal Historical Society, 1952), vol. 1, p. 133.

  62. William Gladstone to Lord Granville, 27 September 1871, in Ramm, Political Correspondence, vol. 2, p. 261.

  63. Reynolds’s Newspaper, 24 September 1871.

  64. QVJ, 20, 28 September 1871, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, pp. 160–61.

  65. William Gladstone to Lord Granville, 1 October 1871, in Ramm, Political Correspondence, vol. 2, p. 264.

  66. William Gladstone to Lord Granville, 5 October 1871, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 256.

  67. RA VIC/Add A36/360, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 27 September 1871.

  68. RA VIC/Add A36/368, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 4 October 1871.

  69. RA VIC/Add A36/371, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 7 October 1871.

  70. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Tuesday” [26 September 1871].

  71. Author email from Stephen Bartley, 9 April 2010. The Times, 26 September 1871.

  72. QV to Vicky, 25, 28 April, 2, 5 May 1860, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 249–52.

  73. QV to Vicky, 18 June 1864, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, pp. 347–48. Camp, Royal Mistresses, pp. 360–61.

  74. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Tuesday” [26 September 1871]. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 156.

  75. Susan’s friend Harriet Whatman told Bertie on 26 September that Susan was within two or three months of “the crisis.” (Harriet Whatman to B, 26 September 1871, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, pp. 156–57.) If the baby was due in early December, it was probably conceived in the second week of March.

  76. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Monday” [?25 September 1871].

  77. “I should indeed have written to Your Royal Highness soon after Your departure for abroad” (i.e. August), but instead she delayed until his return. (RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Monday” [?25 September 1871].)

  78. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Monday” [?25 September 1871].

  79. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to Francis Knollys, “Tuesday” [?26 September 1871].

  80. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Tuesday” [26 September 1871].

  81. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to B, “Monday” [?25 September 1871].

  82. Harriet Whatman to B, 26 September 1871, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, pp. 156–57.

  83. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to Dr. Clayton, 29 December 1871.

  84. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Vane-Tempest, Susan Vane-Tempest to Francis Knollys, 3 February 1872.

  85. Susan Vane-Tempest to B, 8 February 1872, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 159.

  86. Author email from Anthony Camp, 18 March 2008.

  87. Author email from James Lefanu, 26 November 2009.

  88. Anthony Camp’s Royal Mistresses and Bastards, pp. 349–78, is definitive: a meticulously researched examination of Bertie’s mistresses and their alleged illegitimate children.

  89. Dennis Friedman, Inheritance: A Psychological History of the Royal Family (Sidgwick and Jackson, 1993), pp. 50–51.

  90. Peter Gay, The Bourgeois Experience, vol.1, Education of the Senses (Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 252–53. Hickman, Courtesans, pp. 190–95.

  91. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0691, B to Francis Knollys, 20 July 1871.

  92. See St. Aubyn, Edward VII, pp. 151–55.

  93. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, B to Knollys, 11 September 1871. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, telegram, Kanné to Francis Knollys, 7 November 1871.

  94. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, Kanné to Francis Knollys, “Thursday evening” [9 November 1871].

  95. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, B to Francis Knollys, 11 September 1871.

  96. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, Kanné to Francis Knollys, “Thursday evening” [9 November 1871].

  97. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, telegram, Francis Knollys to Kanné, 9 November 1871.

  98. RA VIC/Add C07/1/Barucci, Kanné to Francis Knollys, n.d. [November 1871].

  99. Reynolds’s Newspaper, 26 November 1871.

  100. The Times, 9 December 1871. Tom Cullen, The Empress Brown (Bodley Head, 1969), p. 151.

  101. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 30 October 1871. The Times, 1 December 1871.

  102. Wellcome Library, William Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/4, Gull’s Notes on Prince of Wales’s Illness, 13 November 1871.

  103. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 14, 15, 16, 17 November 1871. The shoot was at Gayhurst, near Gerrards Cross.

  104. Alix to Louise, 23 November 1871, in Longford, Darling Loosy, p. 158.

  105. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/4, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, 16–22 November 1871.

  106. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/4, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, 11 December 1871.

  107. Alix to Louise, 29 November 1871, in Longford, Darling Loosy, p. 159. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 22 November 1871.

  108. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/7, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, 27 November 1871.

  109. Alix to Louise, 29 November 1871, in Darling Loosy, p. 159.

  110. Lady Macclesfield, quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 115.

  111. Ibid., p. 114.

  112. The
Times, 27, 28 November 1871.

  113. QVJ, 27 November 1871, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, p. 169.

  114. RA QVJ, 29 November 1871.

  115. RA VIC/Add A36/395, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 29 November 1871.

  116. Alice to Louis of Hesse, 29 November 1871, in Noel, Princess Alice, p. 172.

  117. RA QVJ, 30 November 1871.

  118. RA QVJ, 1 December 1871.

  119. The Times, 2 December 1871.

  120. RA VIC/T5/50, Lady Macclesfield to the Duchess of Teck, 4 December 1871.

  121. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/14, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, 4 December 1871.

  122. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, A/27, 8 December 1871; B/17, 8 December 1871.

  123. The Times, 9 December 1871.

  124. RA QVJ, 8 December 1871.

  125. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, J/3, 29 April 1889, MS page re 8 December 1871.

  126. RA QVJ, 8 December 1871.

  127. RA VIC/A36/401, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 13 December 1871.

  128. The Graphic, 9 December 1871.

  129. The Times, 11 December 1871.

  130. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, A1/97, Gull’s drafts of press bulletins, 10 December 1871. The Times, 11 December 1871.

  131. Wellcome, Gull Papers, MS 5873, B/25, Gull’s Notes on Prince’s Illness, 11 December 1871.

  132. RA QVJ, 11 December 1871. RA VIC/T5/64, Lady Macclesfield to Duchess of Teck, 13 December 1871.

  133. RA VIC/Add A36/395, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 29 November 1871.

  134. QV to Arthur, 30 December 1871, in Downer, Queen’s Knight, p. 266. RA VIC/ Add A36/396, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 30 November 1871.

  135. Lady Macclesfield, quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 117.

  136. William Gladstone to Lord Granville, 10 December 1871, in Ramm, Political Correspondence, vol. 2, p. 290.

  137. QVJ, 13 December 1871, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, p. 178.

  138. RA VIC/Add A36/401, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 13 December 1871.

  139. RA VIC/T5/64, Lady Macclesfield to the Duchess of Teck, 13 December 1871.

  140. QVJ, 14 December 1871, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, p. 179.

  141. Plomer, Kilvert’s Diary, vol. 1, pp. 155, 157.

  CHAPTER 10: RESURRECTION? 1871–75