by Moore, Lucy
Elliott, Grace Dalrymple, 214, 253, 337
emigrants see France
England see Britain
enragés, 190, 200–2, 229, 231
Estates-General: Necker urges Louis XVI to summon, 4; deputies meet, 23; becomes National Assembly, 24n
Évrard, Simone, 173, 197
Fabre d’Églantine, Philippe-François-Nazaire, 141, 158, 237
Favre, Pierre, 295
Feast of Reason, 257
Federation Day, 73–5, 121
Female Revolutionary, The, 255
Fersen, Count Axel von, 56
Festival of the Law, 121
Festival of Liberty, 121
Festival of Reason: in Paris, 256–9; in Bordeaux, 269
Festival of the Supreme Being, 121, 290–1
festivals, 121
Feuillants, 106–7, 117
Flauhaut, Adéle de, 10, 15, 153; Adéle de Sénange, 153
Fleury (Manon Roland’s maid), 248
Fontenay, Hortense de, 339
Fontenay, Jean-Jacques Devin, marquis de: marriage to Thérésia, 67–70; divorced, 151; leaves France, 263, 278–9, 385
Fontenay, Théodore de, 69, 263–4, 266, 307, 339
Fontenay, Thérésia, marquise de see Cabarrus, Thérésia food shortages, 29, 34–5, 171, 226–7, 273, 278–9, 309, 320–1
Foster, Lady Elizabeth, 380 Fouché, Joseph, 258, 265, 296–7, 299, 308, 344, 368, 371, 381
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine, 172
Fournier, Claude (‘l’Américain’), 36, 41, 127, 147
Fox, Charles, 332
Fox, Henry, 366, 378
France: supports USA in War of Independence, 20; class divisions, 29–30; poor harvest and food shortage (1789), 29, 34; emigration from, 78–9, 104, 151, 153; constitution signed (September 1791), 104; declares war on Austria (April 1792), 123–4; egalitarianism in, 129; monarchy suspended, 132, 138; declared republic (1792), 149; revolutionary reforms under republic, 149–50; revolutionary dress and manners, 151–2; military successes, 164, 309; invades Holland and declares war on Britain, 171; enemies invade, 228; former kings exhumed and given common burial, 245; famine (1793–4), 273, 309; severe winter (1794), 309–10, 317; emigrants return, 322–3, 347; new constitution (1795), 324, 334–5; military setbacks against Britain and allies, 367; see also Paris
Francis II, Emperor of Austria, 129
Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, 60–2, 70, 81, 321
freemasonry, 20, 71
French Revolution: begins, 5, 29; class appeal, 19–20; anticlericalism, 30; women in, 32–3, 35–7, 43; and violence, 98–9; festivals, 121
Frenelle (Thérésia Cabarrus’s maid), 264, 276
Frénilly, Auguste François, marquis de, 78, 287, 310, 338
Fréron, Stanislas, 141, 296, 305, 307–10, 313
Fructidor, 348–9
Furet, François, 162, 299, 324
Fusil, Louise, 75
Gage, Mme de, 273
Gazette de France, 334
Genlis, Félicité de: on effect of fashion changes, 60; attends National Assembly, 70; political interests and views, 71, 75–8; visits Salency, 72; wears brooch celebrating fall of Bastille, 74; on David’s drawing of Tennis Court Oath, 75; class loyalty, 76; qualities and character, 76–7; salon and social life, 76–8; on Social Circle, 89; emigrates, 104; in exile in Berlin, 153; influence on Thérésia Cabarrus, 277; relations with Napoléon, 376–7
Genlis, Pamela de, 104
Geoffrin, Marie Thérése Rodet, 10
Gérando, Joseph-Marie de, 371
Gérard, François, 366
Gibbon, Edmund, 16
Gillray, James, 340
Girondins (earlier Brissotin group): Manon Roland supports, 87, 161; meet at Mme Dodun’s, 107; ministry, 124–5, 140; in National Convention, 149, 162; favour women’s rights, 150, 166, 193; dress, 152; leaders arrested, 59; moderate policies, 161; Robespierre persecutes, 162; on September massacres, 162; decline, 170–1; and price-fixing, 172; unsuccessfully indict Marat, 173; popular demands for arrest of, 175–6; militant women oppose, 193–4; expelled from Convention, 210; fugitives outlawed, 244; tried and condemned, 246–7
Godineau, Dominique, 190, 195
Goncourt, Edmond & Jules de, 7
Gorsas, Antoine-Joseph, 193
Gouges, Olympe de: low reputation, 55, 57; in Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, 61; in Festival of the Law, 122; offers to defend Louis XV, 166, 193; urges power and rights for women, 203, 388; challenges Robespierre, 217; executed, 254; disparaged, 255; Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne, 104–5
Govin, Citoyenne, 231
Grand, Catherine (later Mme Talleyrand), 129, 373
Grandchamp, Sophie, 108, 169, 246–7, 250
Grandpré, Citoyen (prison inspector), 209–10, 215
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, 11
Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, baron von, 16
Guérin, Citoyenne, 235–6
Guérin (spy), 288
Guillois, Dr, 254
guillotine: victims, 140, 293; as symbol and cult, 252–4; in Bordeaux, 264, 272
Gustavus III, King of Sweden, 14, 106 Gutwirth, Madelyn, 22, 144
Hamelin, Fortunée, 313, 315, 359, 364, 369, 372
Harmond, Louise-Émilie-Charlotte, 347
Hébert, Jacques, 105, 171, 281
Henri IV, King of France: statue, 73
Hérault de Séchelles, Marie-Jean, 59
Hippolyte (coiffeur), 315
Holland: France invades, 171
Houssaye, Arséne, 150, 359
Hue, François, 151
Hufton, Olwen, 322
Intrigues of Mme de Staël, The (play), 79
Isabey, Jean-Baptiste, 315
Jacobin Club (Society of the Friends of the Constitution): origins, 24; resistance to women, 44, 62; de Fontenay attends, 70; members, 88; Manon Roland and, 89; petition against king, 101; Théroigne addresses, 117–18; Dr Moore visits, 139; women in, 139–40; imprisons Roux, 231; dispute with Rose Lacombe, 232–4; and relationship between Tallien and Thérésia Cabarrus, 307; closed by Thermidorians, 309
Jacobins: and proposed war with Austria, 117; refuse admittance to women, 171; repressed, 183; disparage Charlotte Corday, 198–9, 255; Manon Roland and, 218; hatred of Tallien, 308; deported by Thermidorians, 320; hostility to royalists, 335
Jaucourt, François de, 142, 145
Jaurés, Jean, 388
Jefferson, Thomas: visits Mme de Staël, 3, 20; on women’s ideas, 12
Jemappe, battle of (1792), 164
Jews: discrimination condemned, 53
Joseph (Thérésia Cabarrus’s servant), 264
Joséphine, Empress of Napoléon I (Rose de Beauharnais): attends National Assembly, 70; held in prison, 294, 301; friendship with Thérésia Cabarrus, 307, 314, 340, 363; attends Thérésia Cabarrus’s wedding, 310; relations with Hoche, 313; dress, 317, 366; and Barras, 325, 338, 344; Napoléon meets and courts, 326, 337; marriage to Napoléon, 338; joins Napoléon on campaign in Italy, 339–40; letters from Napoléon, 339; celebrity, 341; femininity, 345; Talleyrand gives ball for, 351; invites Juliette Récamier, 358; and Brumaire coup, 369–70; banned from seeing Thérésia, 372; moves into Tuileries, 373–4; portrayed in Zoloé, 374; divorce from Napoléon, 379
Journal de la Cour et de la Ville, 80
Journal général, 113, 122
Jullien, Marc-Antoine, 282, 285
Jullien, Rosalie: attends and reports on National Assembly meetings, 70, 128; on disturbances and violence in Paris, 103, 133; enjoys Festival of Liberty, 121; and Roland’s letter of resignation to king, 127; interest in politics, 130; sympathy for king, 130; on French response to Prussian invasion, 148; admires Tallien, 150; praises Robespierre, 164
Juniper Hall, Surrey, 153–4
Junot, Jean-Andoche, 336, 340
Kaunitz, Anton von, Prince, 113–14, 116
Laclos, Choderlos de: Les Liaisons Dangereuses, 77
Lacombe, Claire (
or Rose), 132, 189–90, 201–3, 225, 229–34, 239
Lacretelle, Charles de, 305, 306, 319, 323, 335, 350
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul du Motier, marquis de: friendship with Mme de Staël, xx, 20, 390; with Washington in America, 20; as constitutional monarchist, 23, 33; helps compose constitution, 25; as commander of National Guard, 33; on Marie-Antoinette’s cold reception of deputations of women, 33; Pauline Léon’s hostility to, 33, 41, 101, 189; and food supply in Paris, 34; women denounce, 35–6; in Versailles with National Guard, 39, 41; escorts royal family to Paris, 40; celebrates fall of Bastille, 74; orders martial law and Champs de Mars shooting, 101–2; defeated in October 1791 mayoral election, 104; leads Feuillants, 107; and proposed war with Austria, 117; Robespierre attacks, 124; attempts to control events in Paris, 128–9; and Mme de Staël’s plan to save royal family, 139; imprisoned in Austria, 140
La Force (Paris prison), 290–1, 311
Lafurie, Mme (of Saint-Sever), 43
Lage de Volude, Mme, 276–8
Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa, 318
Lally-Tollendal, Trophime-Gérard de, 142, 145
Lamarche (executed forger), 251
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 49, 57, 256
Lamballe, Marie-Thérése, princesse de, 143–4, 290
Lameth brothers, 23–5, 62, 80
Lameth, Alexandre de, 71, 81, 107, 117
Lameth, Charles de, 71
Lameth, marquise de, 70
Lameth, Mme Charles de (‘Dondon’), 71, 80–1, 122, 268, 277
Lameth, Théodore de, 153
Lamothe, Étienne de, 263
Lanthenas, François, 87
La Révelliére, Louis, 348
La Tour du Pin, Lucy de: on French anglophilia, 22; on status of women, 68; describes Thérésia Cabarrus, 69; watches National Assembly meetings, 70; maid advised to dress down, 151; on Paris life after king’s execution, 168; breast-feeds baby in Bordeaux, 205; on popular fear in Bordeaux, 226; and Thérésia Cabarrus in Bordeaux, 265–6, 272–3, 278–9; appeals to Tallien, 268–9, 272–3, 349; and Bordeaux représentants’ luxuries, 274; Thérésia secures passport for, 275; leaves for America, 279; with Talleyrand in USA, 343; returns to France from USA and visits Thérésia, 347–8; trapped by Fructidor coup, 349
Launay, Bernard René, marquis de, 49n
Laval, Pauline de, 73
La Vallette, chevalier Maynard de, 113, 116, 230
Lebas, Joseph, 299
Lebrun, Charles, 370
Leclerc, Théophile, 201–2, 230–2, 239, 294
Lecocq (Manon Roland’s cook), 248
Lecointre, Citoyenne, 194
Legendre, Louis, 127–8
Lenormant, Amélie, 359, 361
Léon, Pauline: attends National Assembly, xxv; social status and background, xxv, 31, 71, 90; mistrusts Lafayette, 33, 41, 101, 189; and October women’s march on Versailles, 41–2; presents petition to National Assembly, 44; in Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, 61, 71, 81; attends Cordeliers’ Club, 71; feminism, 89, 118; public activities, 90, 190–1, 202, 388; protests at king’s attempted flight, 99; arrested after Champs de Mars massacre, 101–2, 173; membership of Minimes, 119; in demonstration before Tuileries, 127; marches to fight at Tuileries, 132; signs petition for Louis XVI’s death, 166; forms Société des Rétienne de, 263 Lanthenas, François, 87 La Révelliére, Louis, 348 La Tour du Pin, Lucy de: on French anglophilia, 22; on status of women, 68; describes Thérésia Cabarrus, 69; watches National Assembly meetings, 70; maid advised to dress down, 151; on Paris life after king’s execution, 168; breast-feeds baby in Bordeaux, 205; on popular fear in Bordeaux, 226; and Thérésia Cabarrus in Bordeaux, 265–6, 272–3, 278–9; appeals to Tallien, 268–9, ´publicaines-Révolutionnaires, 189–90; praises 1793 convention, 196; resists domesticity, 205; enforces wearing of tricolour cockades, 225; opposes Jacobins and Robespierre, 229–30; breach with Rose Lacombe, 230; marries Leclerc, 230, 239, 294; gives up activism for domestic life, 239, 385; later arrest and imprisonment (1794), 294; released after Robespierre’s death, 301; and women rioters, 321; and women’s rights, 385
Leopold II, Emperor of Austria: and arrest of Théroigne, 112–13, 116
Lepeletier, Félix, 80, 167, 266, 276
Lepeletier, Michel, 167, 199, 271
Le Rebours, Marie-Angélique: Advice to Mothers Who Wish to Nurse Their Infants, 205
Levasseur, René, 305, 308
Leveson Gower, Lord Granville (later 1st Earl Granville), 129, 341
Liberty: iconography, 259, 291, 345
Locke, John, 271
Louis XV, King of France: Diderot satirizes, 56
Louis XVI, King of France: dismisses Necker, 3–4; popular hostility to, 5; working women petition, 31–2, 38; holds banquet for Flanders regiment, 34–5; and reformed constitution, 34; agrees to sign Declaration of Rights of Man, 39; marriage relations, 56; celebrates anniversary of fall of Bastille, 73; as David’s patron, 75; attempted flight and return to Paris, 99–101; signs constitution and Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, 104, 388; relations with Brissotins, 124; bodyguard disbanded, 126; dismisses Brissotin ministry, 126–7; employs veto, 126, 128; Manon Roland denounces, 126; popular demonstration against in Tuileries, 128; and National Assembly’s assumption of power, 129; calls for overthrow of, 130; loses throne, 132, 138; imprisoned in Temple (Paris), 139; regalia melted down, 149; fate discussed in National Convention, 165–7; condemned and executed, 166–8, 183, 249
Louis XVIII, King of France, 390
Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin (Louis XVI’s son), 227
Louis-Philippe, King of France, 70
Louvet, Jean-Baptiste, 164, 175, 211, 285, 313
Luxembourg prison, Paris, 215, 292–3
Lyon: unrest in, 227–8; Fouché’s repressions in, 258, 265; women petition against bloodshed, 275
Macaulay, Catherine, 87
Maillard, Mlle (singer), 259
Maillard, Stanislas, 36–8
Maillebois, comte, 112
Manuel, Louis-Pierre, 11, 142, 146
Marat, Jean-Paul: attacks ruling classes, 34; attacks Jacobins, 62; on need for violence, 98, 141; Pauline Léon reads newspaper, 102; in National Convention, 149; opposes Girondins, 159, 162; in campaign against Roland, 163; criticizes Dumouriez, 164; Olympe de Gouges attacks, 166, 254; appearance and style, 172–3; radicalism and cult, 172–3; Pauline Léon supports, 191; defends Théroigne from assault, 193; stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday, 196–9; view of women, 218
Marcourt, 111
Maréchal, Sylvain: The Last Judgement of the Kings (play), 245–6
Marengo, battle of (1800), 375 Marie-Antoinette, Queen of Louis XVI: dress, 9; visits Rousseau’s grave, 17; receives deputations of women, 33; welcomes guards’ banquet, 35; crowds attack in Versailles, 39–40; Austrians defend, 52; marriage relations, 56; reputation for debauchery, 56; and celebration of fall of Bastille, 74; attempted flight and return to Paris, 99–100; despises Lafayette, 104, 129; and French war with Austria, 124; abused in Tuileries, 128; imprisoned in Temple (Paris), 139; refuses Mme de Staël’s rescue offer, 139; and murder of princesse de Lamballe, 143; portrayed as unmotherly, 205; executed, 245, 254; disparaged, 254–5
Marie-Christine, Archduchess of Austria (Leopold II’s sister), 116 marriage: and infidelity, 68–9
‘Marseillaise’ (song), 130
Mathiez, Albert, 388
Mercier, Louis-Sébastien, 20, 73, 144, 168, 226, 257, 300, 307, 345
Mercure National (journal), 61
Mére Duchesne (satire), 105
Méricourt, Théroigne de see Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne-Josèphe
Metternich, Prince Clemens Lothar Wenzel (earlier Count Metternich-Winneburg), 113, 381
Michelet, Jules, 256, 387
Mignon, Mlle (clavichord teacher), 248
Mirabeau, Honoré-Gabriel Riquetti, comte de, 23, 55, 62, 71–2, 81, 165
Momoro, Antoine, 257–8, 281
Momoro, Sophie, 256–8
&n
bsp; Monge, Gaspard, 140
Monic, Femme, 202–3
Moniteur (newspaper), 189
Moniteur Universel, 255
Montagnards (group), 149, 161–2, 166, 193, 195, 199
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de, 22
Montmorency, Adrien de, 382
Montmorency, Mathieu de: in de Staël circle, 20, 390–1; political views, 23; in Club of the Rights of Man, 71; admires Pauline de Laval, 73; in hiding, 137; with Narbonne in exile, 153; witnesses Louis XVI’s execution and flees, 168; Mme de Staël rescues from France, 330; Mme de Staël stays at chateau, 335; friendship with Juliette Récamier, 382
Montmorin, Mme de, 23
Moore, Dr John: visits and comments on revolutionary France, 131, 133, 137, 139–40, 147–8, 151; on Danton, 158; admires Roland, 163; on Robespierre, 164–5
Moreau, General Jean, 377, 380
Morris, Gouverneur, 3, 9, 15–16, 20–1, 36, 80, 313
Mounier, Jean-Joseph, 38
Munroe, James, 313
Murat, Caroline (Napoléon’s sister), 381 muscadins (jeunesse dorée), 305–6, 309–10, 320
Napoléon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of the French: tutored by Talma, 59; friendship with Barras, 325; and Thérésia Cabarrus, 325–6, 386; meets and courts Rose de Beauharnais (Joséphine), 326, 337; suppresses Paris rebels (1795), 336; marriage to Joséphine, 338; campaign in Italy, 339–40, 342; jealousy, 339; supports Barras in coup, 349; effect on Mme de Staël, 350–2, 370; returns to Paris from Italy, 350; expedition to Egypt, 352–3, 366, 368; ambition to lead France, 367; returns from Egypt and becomes First Consul in Brumaire coup, 368–70; bans Joséphine from seeing Thérésia Cabarrus, 372; borrows from Ouvrard, 372, 375; excludes merveilleuses from society, 372–3; occupies Tuileries apartments, 373–4; portrayed in Zoloé, 374; dominance after Marengo victory, 375; dislikes Mme de Staël, 376; view of women, 376–7, 379, 385; banishes Mme de Staël, 378–9; voted consul for life, 378; Civil Code, 379; declared emperor, 379; divorce from Joséphine, 379; Juliette Récamier resists advances, 381; bans Juliette Récamier’s return to Paris, 382; refuses help to bankrupt Jacques Récamier, 382; despotism, 389; defeat and downfall, 390
Narbonne, Louis, comte de: relations with Mme de Staël, 14–16, 76, 79, 106, 154; commands National Guard in Besançon, 34; appointed Minister for War, 106; dismissed, 107; fathers child with Mme de Staël, 107, 154; survives attack on Tuileries, 137; flees France for England, 138–9; and Mme de Staël’s escape from Paris, 153; Manon Roland accused of corresponding with, 168; ends relationship with Mme de Staël, 329–30; affair with Montmorency’s mother, 331; joins Napoléon, 371