Prague Winter

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Prague Winter Page 46

by Madeleine Albright

Birkenau prison camp, 270, 276, 282

  Bismarck, Otto von, 15

  Blanka (governess), 352

  Bohemia, 3

  Age of Royalty in, 25

  Catholics vs. Protestants in, 21–25, 36

  in Czechoslovak Republic, 45

  and democracy, 31

  education in, 26, 137–38

  German control of, 15

  in history, 17–21

  industries in, 34, 61–62

  Jewish community in, 27, 34–35

  literacy rate in, 34

  nationalists, 29–34

  Protectorate of (map), 201

  uranium in, 353–54

  Bohlen, Charles, 304

  Boii people, 18

  Boleslav, 19

  Bolshevik Revolution, 41, 68, 262

  Bormann, Martin, 202

  Boromejsky, Karel, 222, 224

  Bosnia-Herzegovina, 36

  Brandeis, Louis, 67

  Brandon, Henry, 392

  Bratislava, Slovakia, 26

  Braun, Wernher von, 298

  Brecht, Bertolt, 228

  Březina, Otokar, 412–13

  British Empire League, 232

  Buber, Martin, Three Addresses in Prague, 191

  Buchenwald concentration camp, 276n, 305

  Bullitt, William, 86

  Byrnes, James, 358

  Cadogan, Alexander, 127, 160, 302

  and German threats, 84, 92, 93, 104

  and World War II, 148, 151, 153, 290

  Canada, uranium in, 353

  Čapek, Karel, 370–71

  A Prayer for Tonight, 115

  Carmio, Mica, 276n

  Carpathian Ruthenia, 45

  Casablanca, 256

  Čech, 18

  Chamberlain, Neville, 68, 127, 147, 149

  and appeasement, 71, 83–84, 88, 92, 95–97, 106, 119, 121, 125, 158

  Czechoslovakia abandoned by, 81–83, 92, 105–6

  and deterrence, 125, 126

  meetings with Hitler, 88–91, 92–93, 125, 194, 264, 303

  and Munich Conference, 97–99, 98, 105, 107, 119, 122, 296

  and Plan Z, 88

  resignation of, 150

  and World War II, 149–50

  Channel Islands, 142

  Charles Bridge, Prague, 20

  Charles IV, king of Bohemia, 20–21

  Charles University, Prague, 20, 21, 31, 34, 51, 376, 400

  Chekhov, Anton, 35

  Christian X, king of Denmark, 271

  Churchill, Winston S., 4, 149, 295

  and Beneš, 102, 120, 187–89, 195

  career of, 150–51

  and elections, 337

  and Hitler, 67–68, 164–65

  and Hopkins, 182, 185

  and Munich agreement, 106

  oratory of, 153–54

  and Prague, 317

  as prime minister, 150, 158

  and Roosevelt, 152, 229, 256

  and Soviet Union, 126, 194, 303

  visit to Czechoslovak troops, 187–88, 188

  and World War II, 120, 151–54, 166, 173, 176, 229, 290, 292, 297

  at Yalta, 301–5, 302, 315

  Clementis, Vladimir “Vlado,” 148, 327, 404

  arrest and death of, 405

  and Communist Party, 295, 313, 397

  government position of, 313, 326, 357, 392, 405

  and Masaryk’s death, 397

  and Paris Peace Conference, 357, 359

  Clinton administration, 2

  Cold War, 358, 361, 376–78, 406

  Czechoslovakia’s place in, 4, 381, 386, 403

  Iron Curtain, 403, 411

  nuclear arms race, 354

  power politics in, 351, 365–67, 370–71

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 296

  Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, “A Scandal in Bohemia,” 29

  Congo, uranium in, 353

  Cromwell, Oliver, 150

  Čurda, Karel, 215, 223–24, 225, 227, 342–43

  Curie, Marie, 353

  Czarska, Isobel Alicia, 8

  Czech and Slovak Legion, 41–43, 58, 78

  Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry, Korbel’s work for, 53

  Czechoslovakia:

  birthrate in, 138–39

  and Bohemia, see Bohemia

  borders of, 134, 160, 168, 186, 386

  Charter 77, 387n

  cinema in, 136–37

  and Cold War, 4, 381, 386, 403

  Communist show trials in, 405

  Communists in, 295, 309–10, 313–14, 321, 344–47, 353, 354–55, 363–67, 371, 372–74, 376–84, 386, 388, 389–90, 394, 395–96, 398, 401, 404–5

  and democracy, 31, 340, 344, 354, 366, 372, 378, 383

  education in, 137–38, 141

  elections in, 354–55, 363, 372, 373–74, 377–78, 380

  German invasion of, 13–16, 14, 238

  Germanization of, 138

  German occupation of, 16, 16, 97–100, 100, 101, 108, 112–14, 117, 126, 129–41, 160, 200–202, 207–10, 213–18, 325

  Germans expelled from, 229–36, 260, 262, 264, 324–25, 331–43

  government collapse in, 377–84, 385–86, 388, 400–401

  government in exile, see England

  Hungarians ousted from, 358–60, 365

  interim government of, 313–16

  military in exile, 161–63, 187–88, 196, 321

  nationalists, 29–34, 36, 38–39, 40, 138, 354–55, 412

  National Solidarity (NS), 130

  and Paris Peace Conference (1946), 357–60, 365

  puppet government, see Hácha, Emil

  recognition sought by, 119–22, 185–86, 188–89, 195, 256

  republic, see Czechoslovak Republic; Czech Republic

  role of the press in, 52–53, 186

  and Soviet Union, 256–65, 293–96, 304, 313–15, 319, 353–54, 365–66, 372, 405

  troops withdrawn from, 352–53

  underground and Resistance, 130, 131–35, 157, 196–97, 199–202, 207–10, 213–18, 226–27, 235, 258, 264, 325, 342

  and uranium, 353–54

  Velvet Divorce, 411–12

  Velvet Revolution, 2, 134n, 387n, 400, 411

  and war crimes, 340–43

  Czecho-Slovakia:

  after Munich, 108–9, 110–11

  map, 109

  Slovakia, see Slovakia

  Czechoslovak Institute, 186

  Czechoslovak Republic:

  abandoned by Allies, 81–83, 86, 90–92, 99, 101, 102, 104, 107–8

  armaments industry in, 73–74, 126, 137, 155

  borders of, 44-46; map (1919–1938), 46; 74, 87, 97, 98, 108

  Communists in, 79

  diversity in, 45–46, 65, 340

  espionage in, 74, 90, 110, 130, 161, 196

  fascism in, 65, 66

  first decade of, 46–48

  French treaties with, 60, 78, 81, 85, 256, 364

  German threats to, 78, 81–97

  independence of, 40–45, 117, 340, 370

  and Little Entente, 55

  mobilization for war, 94, 95, 99, 101

  and Munich agreement, 97–99, 101, 108

  and Munich what-ifs, 102–6

  and Paris Peace Conference (1919), 44–45, 55

  and Soviet Union, 55–56, 60, 78, 79, 81, 90, 95, 194–96

  Sudeten Germans in, 46, 62–66, 73, 74–75, 77–78, 82–83, 84–93, 230

  Sudeten nationalists in, 62–65, 66

  U.S. recognition of, 43–44

  willingness to fight, 101–2, 104, 108, 112–13, 179–80, 195, 320

  and W
orld War I, 40, 117

  Czech Republic:

  Korbel family research in, 237

  and Velvet Divorce, 411–12

  Dachau prison camp, 111

  Daladier, Édouard, 83, 85, 94, 264

  and Munich conference, 97–99, 98, 105

  Danish Red Cross, 271–72

  Davenport, Marcia, 360–61, 365, 385, 387, 388–89, 391, 397, 398

  D-Day, 289

  de Gaulle, Charles, 256

  Deiml, Rudolf (uncle), 111, 124, 140, 273

  rumors of survival, 323, 327

  sent to gas chambers, 279, 281, 327

  at Terezín, 249, 269, 277

  transport to Auschwitz, 277–79

  Deimlová, Dagmar “Dáša” (Šimová) (cousin), 9, 111, 123, 403–4

  in England, 156, 157, 159, 190, 233, 287

  and her father, 323, 327

  letters from home, 140, 141

  move to England, 123–25

  return to Prague, 322–23, 326–27

  and Winton reenactment, 124–25

  Deimlová, Margarethe “Greta” (aunt), 111, 124, 140, 141–42, 241, 249–50, 273, 281

  Deimlová, Milena (cousin), 111, 123–24, 123, 140–41

  drawing by, 251–52, 252

  at Terezín, 249–52, 266, 269, 272, 273

  transport to Auschwitz, 280–81

  Demetz, Peter, 58

  Dicker-Brandeis, Friedl, 251, 279

  Dobbs, Michael, 2

  Doppler, Christian, 34

  Drábek, Jaroslav, 342

  Drolik (dog), 239–40, 240, 241–42

  Drtina, Prokop, 53, 365, 386–87

  as democrat, 364, 373, 379

  and government collapse, 379, 382

  and government in exile, 161, 168

  in London, 156–57, 178–79, 386

  memoir of, 6, 157

  as minister of justice, 332, 347, 379

  and Resistance, 131, 157, 386

  suicide attempt of, 387, 392, 397

  Dvořák, Antonin:

  New World Symphony, 408

  Requiem, 283

  Ealing Studios, 233

  Eden, Anthony, 120, 167, 176, 188, 195, 236, 315

  Edward VIII, former king of England, 68

  Ehrmann, Alice, 280

  Eichmann, Adolf, 111, 203, 205, 207, 271, 274, 281

  Einstein, Albert, 34

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 316, 317, 319–20, 326, 366

  Eliáš, Alois, 130, 195, 200–201

  Elizabeth, Princess (future Elizabeth II), 177

  Elizabeth, Queen (wife of George VI), 167, 167

  England:

  and appeasement, 71, 86, 88, 95–97, 119, 158

  Battle of Britain, 154, 169–79, 181, 183–84, 291

  British Expeditionary Force, 153

  and Chamberlain, see Chamberlain, Neville

  children evacuated from, 143–44, 291

  and Churchill, see Churchill, Winston S.

  Czechoslovak government in exile in, 4, 8, 75, 110, 118–22, 125–26, 144, 147, 160–64, 162, 163, 168, 185–89, 191, 195, 219, 226, 230–31, 235, 256, 258, 270, 294, 303, 406

  and deterrence, 125, 126

  Dunkirk, 153, 155

  and espionage, 290

  and France, 88, 89, 90

  and German threats to Czechoslovakia, 78, 81–85, 90–92, 94–95

  and Hitler, 67–69, 71, 77, 148, 154, 164–68, 169, 173, 181, 193

  and Hitler-Stalin pact, 127

  Kindertransport to, 122–25

  Korbel family in, 4, 117, 125–26, 156–59, 177, 286–92, 305, 404

  Korbel family’s move to, 110, 112, 113–14

  and lend-lease, 182–85

  London Blitz, 173–79, 181, 183, 184–85, 189, 203–4

  and Munich Conference, 97–99, 98, 101, 105–6, 107, 158, 304

  and Norway, 149–50

  peace desired by, 69–71, 84

  and Poland, 125, 126, 303

  political refugees in, 125–26, 139–40, 144

  and preludes to war, 83-84, 127, 166–68, 170

  propaganda in, 149, 184

  and Soviet Union, 126, 194, 303

  Surrey docks bombed, 174, 175

  Underground shelters in, 175–76, 176

  U.S. aid to, 152, 182–85

  U.S. troops in, 288–89

  V-1’s dropped on, 289–92

  V-2’s dropped on, 296–98

  weaknesses of, 69–71, 83–84

  and World War I, 69–70, 142–43

  and World War II, 142–54, 166, 169–81, 289–92, 296–98

  Enlightenment, 29

  Fairbanks, Douglas, 48

  Fejfar, Stanislav, 179–80

  Ferdinand, Archduke, 40, 205

  Ferdinand, Habsburg emperor, 25

  Fierlinger, Zdenĕk, 78–79, 90, 261, 309–10, 353, 355, 373

  Finland, Soviet invasion of, 148–49

  Fodor, Lieutenant, 317

  France:

  and Beneš, 55, 75, 78, 85

  Czech treaties with, 60, 78, 81, 85, 256, 364

  D-Day in, 289

  and England, 88, 89, 90

  and German threats to Czechoslovakia, 78, 83, 85–86, 88, 90–92, 94–95

  Maginot Line, 85, 149, 151, 264

  and Munich Conference, 97–99, 98, 101, 105, 107–8

  and preludes to war, 85, 127

  and Rhineland, 57, 77, 105

  and Soviet Union, 55, 85, 90, 107–8

  and Versailles treaty, 57, 105

  and World War I, 85

  and World War II, 142, 149, 151, 152–53, 154–55, 161, 169, 172, 193, 299–301

  Frank, Anne, 276n

  Frank, Karl Hermann “K. H.,” 138, 199, 199, 225, 342, 346

  Frank, Margot, 276n

  František, Josef, 180

  Freemasons, discrimination against, 130

  Friedrich, Prince (Germany), 25

  Gabčík, Jozef (Little Ota), 164, 208–10, 208, 214–17, 221, 222, 223

  Gallipoli campaign, 151

  Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 70, 151

  George VI, king of England, 150, 177, 185

  Germany:

  and Anschluss, 77, 86, 203

  East Germany liberated, 411

  education in, 65–66

  and espionage, 90

  and fascism, 71, 75, 83

  Gestapo, 203

  Hitler-Stalin pact, 126–27, 162, 187, 194, 196

  Luftwaffe, 70, 83, 169–73, 178, 189

  military strength of, 83–84

  and Munich Conference, 97–99, 98, 100, 105

  Nazi rise to power in, 70–71

  Nuremberg meeting, 86–87, 88

  propaganda from, 78, 86, 87, 102, 147, 235, 265

  territorial ambitions of, 57, 61–62, 77–78, 137, 154–55, 193–96, 232; see also specific nations

  U-boats, 292

  V-1’s, 289–92

  V-2’s, 296–98

  and wars, see World War I; World War II

  see also Hitler, Adolf

  Ginz, Petr, 252–53, 277–79

  Ginzová, Eva, 306

  Gluck, Alma, 360

  Goebbels, Josef, 78, 137

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 53, 66, 75

  Goldberger, Emmanuel, 336–37

  Goldstücker, Eduard, 286, 404–6

  Göring, Hermann, 15, 112, 164, 169, 173

  Gottwald, Klement:

  and Beneš, 263–64, 386, 388, 401

  and Communist Party, 263–64, 310, 354, 355, 363, 372, 374, 379–80, 382–83, 386, 388

  death of, 406, 407

/>   and elections, 355, 363, 372, 374

  and expulsion of Sudeten Germans, 264, 332

  and government takeover, 377–84, 385–86, 388, 389, 400, 401

  and Korbel, 377–78, 389–90

  and Masaryk’s death, 395–97

  meetings to organize the government, 310, 345

  in Moscow, 263, 295, 310, 364

  and Munich agreement, 264, 386

  and Soviet Union, 263, 353, 354, 363, 364, 397, 405

  and Stalinist purges, 405

  Gottwald, Marta, 351

  Grandmother, The (Nĕmcová), 4, 137, 415

  Grant Duff, Shiela, Europe and the Czechs, 121–22

  Great Britain, see England

  Great Depression, 56, 62

  Great Moravian Empire, 26–27

  Great War, see World War I

  Greece, 189, 370

  Grenfell-Baines, Milena, 123, 124

  Gunther, John, 183

  Haakon VII, king of Norway, 195

  Habsburg empire, 23–24, 40, 376

  Hácha, Emil:

  and crown of Wenceslas, 198, 199

  and German invasion, 110–11

  and German occupation, 15, 112, 129–30, 195, 202

  and Heydrich assassination, 219

  as president, 108, 129, 130, 160, 189, 227

  Hachenburg, Hanuš, “Terezín,” 211

  Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia, 195

  Halifax, Edward Wood, Lord, 68–69, 77, 82, 84, 89, 90, 96, 127, 150, 165

  Hangmen Also Die! (movie), 228

  Hašek, Jaroslav, 41

  Havel, Miloš, 137

  Havel, Václav, 9–10, 344, 414

  childhood drawing by, 136, 136

  on collective guilt, 339–40, 402

  death of, 9

  on liberation of Prague, 320–21

  and Velvet Revolution, 2, 400

  Havlíček, Karel, 31, 35

  Haw-Haw, William Joyce, Lord, 165–66

  Hebrang, Andrija, 404

  Heine, Heinrich, 248

  Henderson, Sir Nevile, 88

  Henlein, Konrad, 103

  flight of, 87

  and German invasion of Sudetenland, 108

  and Masaryk, 64

  pro-Nazi stance of, 62–63, 64, 74–75, 77, 83, 84–85, 88, 109, 343

  propaganda campaign instigated by, 75, 83, 86

  and Slovak separatists, 109

  and Sudeten German Heimat Front, 62–63, 74–75

  suicide of, 343

  war aims of, 75, 77–78, 83, 86

  Henry V, king of England, 69

  Herman, Daniel, 8

  Herodotus, 165n

  Herzl, Theodor, 35

  Hess, Alexander, 179

  Heydrich, Reinhard, 199–203, 410

  as acting protektor, 199, 200–203

  assassination of, 207–10, 216–19, 226–28

  brutality of, 200–201, 230

 

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