Prague Winter

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Prague Winter Page 47

by Madeleine Albright


  and crown of Wenceslas, 198, 199, 202

  and Czech underground, 200–201, 202, 213, 214, 217, 226

  and final solution to Jewish question, 203, 204–5

  reprisals for death of, 220–23, 226–27, 228, 239

  and Terezín, 205

  Hilsner, Leopold, 37

  Himmler, Heinrich, 199, 200, 203, 218, 269, 270, 271, 275, 276

  Hindenburg, Paul von, 56

  Hiroshima, Japan, 353

  Hitler, Adolf:

  and Beneš, 75, 231, 402

  and Chamberlain, 88–91, 92–93, 125, 194, 264, 303

  and Czechoslovak Republic, 2, 3, 15, 82–89, 92–95, 97, 101, 103, 104, 109, 202, 358, 406, 411

  death of, 306, 316

  on education, 66

  and England, 67–69, 71, 77, 148, 154, 164–68, 169, 173, 181, 193

  and family values, 137

  and France, 154

  and Hitler-Stalin pact, 126–27, 162, 187, 194, 196

  Mein Kampf, 53, 68, 164

  and Munich Conference, 97–99, 98, 108, 161

  and munitions, 296, 298

  Nuremberg speech of, 86–87, 88

  political opponents of, 83

  and race, 66, 68

  rise to power, 56–57, 60, 62, 67–69, 75, 129, 296, 340

  speeches of, 78, 147, 165

  and Stalin, 126, 127, 193–94, 264–65

  territorial ambitions of, 61–62, 76–78, 82–83, 119, 125, 184, 193, 411

  Hitler Gives the Jews a Town (movie), 276–77

  Hitler’s Madman (movie), 228

  Hitler-Stalin pact, 126–27, 162, 187, 194, 196

  Holocaust, 193, 235–36, 268–69, 270, 282, 410

  Holy Roman Empire, 20, 23

  Holzer, Vilém, 276

  Hopkins, Harry, 182, 185, 189, 260

  Howard, Leslie, 184

  Hungary, 29, 45, 110

  Hungarians ousted from Slovakia, 358–60, 365

  Kingdom of, 26

  liberation of, 411

  territorial claims of, 98, 108, 160

  and Soviet Union, 405

  Hus, Jan, 21–22, 22, 36, 295, 323, 387

  Hussite movement, 23–24

  India, as British colony, 70, 151

  International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 271–76

  Israel, 405

  Italy:

  and Munich Conference, 97, 98

  and World War II, 154

  Jáchymov mine, Bohemia, 353–54

  Janeček, Theodor, 247

  Jankovic family, 368

  Jankovic, Nidza, 368, 369

  Jánošík, Juro, 26–27

  Japan:

  atomic bombs used in, 353

  and Pearl Harbor, 229

  and World War II, 229, 303

  Jesus of Nazareth, 22

  Jews:

  and anti-Semitism, 37, 65, 77, 78, 87, 108, 109, 130, 139, 192–93, 200, 203–7, 235–36, 238–42, 311–12

  from Denmark, 271–72

  emigration to Palestine, 67, 111, 122, 203

  and final solution, 203, 204–5, 254

  in forced-labor camps, 235, 239, 311–12

  and Holocaust, 193, 235–36, 268–69, 270, 282, 410

  massacres of, 148, 200, 235–36, 269, 270, 323, 324

  and national identity, 34–35, 66–67

  nonpracticing, 49

  political refugees, 122

  property confiscated, 137, 139, 203, 311

  relocation to death camps, 204–7, 239

  at Terezín, see Terezín

  in underground and resistance, 131

  and Zionism, 34, 35, 191

  Joan of Arc, 23n

  John of Nepomuk, Saint, 323

  Joseph II, Emperor, 27–28, 205

  Joyce, William (Lord Haw-Haw), 165–66

  Kafka, Franz, 34, 243, 406n

  Kapper, Siegfried, “Do Not Say I Am Not Czech,” 35

  Karpišek, Arnošt, 389

  Kašperová, Tereza, 222

  Katyn Forest massacre, 257, 260, 293

  Kauders, Renata, 163–64

  Keitel, Wilhelm, 103, 105

  Kennan, George F., 13, 104, 131, 133

  Kennedy, John F., 71, 298

  Kennedy, Joseph, Sr., 152, 184

  Kennedy, Joseph, Jr., 298

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 127

  Kindertransport, 122–25

  Kipling, Rudyard, “If,” 186, 189

  Klee, Paul, 251

  Klinger, Oskar, 392, 399

  Knox, Frank, 228

  Komenský, Jan Ámos, 25–26

  Körbel, Arnošt (grandfather), 33, 114, 191, 239–42, 240, 282

  and anti-Semitism, 238–39, 240–41

  business of, 48, 111, 189

  death of, 246

  in Terezín, 246, 281

  transport to Terezín, 241–42

  Korbel, George (cousin), 189, 190, 192

  Körbel, Gert (father᾽s cousin), 282

  Körbel, Jan “Honza”: (uncle), 111, 189–90, 323

  Korbel, John (brother), 2, 237, 367, 367, 404

  Korbel, Josef (father), 7, 190, 233, 348

  awards and honors to, 369–70, 409–10

  and BBC broadcasts, 144–48, 161, 196, 219, 230–31, 270, 303–4

  birth and early years of, 48–53, 56

  career of, 51, 59–61, 109–10, 120, 189, 404, 407, 409–10

  and Cold War, 370–71, 376–77, 406

  and Czech underground, 131

  death of, 409

  emigration to U.S., 407–8

  Foreign Ministry work of, 51–53, 325–26, 347–52, 407

  and government in exile, 4, 120, 162, 168, 219, 230–31, 258

  and Heydrich assassination, 218–19

  and London Blitz, 178–79

  and loyalist council, 90–91

  marriage of, 51, 51

  and Masaryk’s death, 397

  and mobilization, 94

  papers of, 5–7, 43–44, 52, 328–30, 346, 349, 401, 413

  and Paris Peace Conference (1946), 357–60

  political contacts of, 53, 117, 120–22, 146, 389–90

  political enemies of, 8

  propaganda duties of, 120, 144, 196–97

  and return to Prague, 325–26, 367–68

  and United Nations, 389–90, 404, 407–8

  and Yalta Conference, 303–4

  Körbel, Karel (great-uncle), 282, 282

  Korbel, Pamela (John’s wife), 2

  Korbel family, 282

  and Catholicism, 190–93

  in England, 4, 117, 125–26, 156–59, 177, 286–92, 305, 404

  family history, 1–3

  Jewish heritage of, 190, 192–93, 237, 413

  losses suffered by, 281–82, 328

  move to England, 110, 112, 113–14

  and Munich agreement, 101

  and political asylum, 389–90, 403, 408, 408

  in Prague, 52–53, 239–41, 322–25

  umlaut dropped from name of, 192

  in U.S., 4, 407–8, 409–10

  in Yugoslavia, 59–61, 101, 326, 347–52, 368–70

  Korbelová, Alena (cousin), 189, 190, 191, 192, 240

  Körbelová, Irma (Paterová) (great-aunt), 207, 282

  Korbelová, Katherine “Kathy” (Silva) (sister), 2, 232–33, 237, 286, 287, 322, 323, 350, 352, 369, 404

  Korbelová, Mandula (née Anna) (mother), 6–7, 7, 190, 233, 239, 403, 410

  and author’s childhood, 17, 356, 374

  early years of, 49–52

  in England, 117, 122, 130, 158–59

 
marriage of, 51, 51

  and Masaryk’s death, 397

  and return to Prague, 327–28

  spirituality of, 191, 233–34, 356–57

  in Yugoslavia, 356–57

  Korbelová, Marie Jana, see Albright, Madeleine

  Körbelová, Marta (great-aunt), 163n, 282

  Korbelová, Ola (aunt), 189, 190, 192, 323

  Körbelová, Olga (grandmother), 48, 59, 114, 239, 240–42, 249, 250, 269, 280

  Krajina, Vladimír, 346

  Kraus, František R., 284–85

  Kraus, Tomáš, 8, 285

  Krejčí, Ludvík, 87

  Kubiš, Jan (Big Ota), 164, 208–10, 209, 214, 216–17, 221, 222, 223, 225–26

  Kyšperk, Czechoslovakia, 48–49

  La Guardia, Fiorello, 118

  Lang, Fritz, 228

  Lawrence, David, 118

  League of Nations, 60, 70, 90, 107, 111, 259, 339

  Lenin, Vladimir, 41, 295, 296, 354

  Lessing, Gotthold, 75

  Libuše (prophetess), 18–19

  Lidice:

  destruction of, 220–21, 221, 222, 223, 228, 230, 284, 415

  and war crimes tribunals, 342

  work team in, 283–85

  “Lightning Flashes atop the Tatras,” 44

  Lippmann, Walter, 118, 403

  Liszt, Franz, 243

  Little Entente, 55

  Lloyd George, David, 68, 148

  Lockhart, Robert H. Bruce, 226, 230, 389, 398

  London, see England

  Luxembourg, German invasion of, 151

  Mach, Ernst, 34

  Mackenzie, Compton, 75–76

  MacMillan, Margaret, 44

  Madagascar, Jews exported to, 203

  Madla from the Brick Factory (play), 59

  Magyar alliance, 26

  Mahler, Karel (father᾽s cousin), 163n

  Mahler, Pedro (son of father᾽s cousin), 163n

  Mann, Thomas, 65–66, 243

  Man with a Pipe, A (documentary film), 410

  Maria Theresa, Empress, 28

  Marshall, George C., 363

  Marshall Plan, 363–65, 366, 374

  Marti, Roland, 275

  Masařík, Hubert, 98

  Masaryk, Charlotte Garrigue, 36, 54

  Masaryk, Jan, 307, 327, 415

  and BBC broadcasts, 144, 147, 196, 231

  birth of, 36

  and Communists, 296, 355, 373, 374, 381

  and Davenport, 360–61, 365, 385, 387, 388–89, 391, 397, 398

  death of, 393–94, 396–400, 411

  on expulsion of Sudeten Germans, 229–30

  final hours of, 389, 391–93

  as foreign minister, 313, 326, 387, 388, 390, 391

  funeral of, 395–97, 396, 400, 403

  and government collapse, 381, 382, 385–89

  and government in exile, 120, 144, 161, 162, 185, 231–32

  and Heydrich assassination, 218–19

  and his father, 362, 387, 390–91, 391, 398

  and Hitler, 77

  ill health of, 385, 392

  and Korbel, 6, 120, 356, 370, 381

  and leadership, 401, 402–3

  in London, 64, 106, 120, 158–59

  and Marshall Plan, 364–65

  and Munich agreement, 106

  on nationalism, 361–62

  and Nazi threat, 90, 93

  and Paris Peace Conference (1946), 357–60, 361

  and Poland, 304

  resignation as minister to Great Britain, 106

  return home, 309

  and Soviet Union, 365–66

  and United Nations, 353, 360, 366

  in U.S., 168, 229, 360

  visit to Yugoslavia, 355–56

  Masaryk, Tomáš G., 38, 387, 391, 410

  aging and death of, 58, 62

  anniversary of birth, 147, 390, 398

  birth and early years of, 35–39

  and Czechoslovak Republic, 46–48, 108

  funeral of, 58, 395, 400

  inaugural address of, 46

  and independence, 40–44, 46, 117

  and Korbel, 6, 53

  and nationalism, 38–39

  and Paris Peace Conference (1919), 44–45

  principles of, 59, 67, 73, 130, 160, 185, 192, 295, 340, 354, 359, 363, 383, 399, 402, 413

  and Soviet Union, 261, 262

  in U.S., 42–43

  Mastný, Vojtĕch, 98

  McAuliffe, Anthony, 300

  Mengele, Josef, 276, 279

  Middle East, British mandate in, 69, 111

  Molotov, Vyacheslav, 126, 193, 304, 364, 402

  Molotov cocktail, 148

  Mommsen, Theodor, 31

  Montgomery, Bernard Law, 326

  Moravcová, Marie, 213–15, 217, 222–23, 224, 227–28

  Moravec, Alois, 213, 224, 226

  Moravec, Ata, 213, 215, 224, 226, 227, 324

  Moravec, František, 74, 75, 110, 112, 122, 157, 161, 226

  Moravia:

  in Czechoslovak Republic, 45

  German control of, 15

  Great Moravian Empire, 26–27

  industries in, 34, 61–62

  Protectorate of (map), 201

  Morrison, Herbert, 291

  Munich Conference, 98, 118, 158, 304, 320, 376, 386

  author’s “what-ifs,” 102–6

  and Beneš, 98, 99, 101–4, 117, 121, 147, 160, 161, 185–86, 256, 401, 402

  cause and effect, 264, 338, 340, 401

  and Chamberlain, 97–99, 105, 107, 119, 122, 296

  discredited, 160, 161, 185–86, 256

  German aims for, 105

  and Nazi occupation of Czechoslovak Republic, 97–100, 101, 108

  and Soviet Union, 105, 107–8

  Murrow, Edward R., 183, 236, 305

  Mussolini, Benito, 97, 98, 127, 181, 231

  My Country (Smetana), 134

  Nagasaki, Japan, 353

  Napoleon Bonaparte, 83, 256

  Napoleonic Wars, 79–80

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 411

  Nĕmcová, Božena:

  The Grandmother, 11, 137, 415

  “To the Bohemian Women,” 31–32

  Neruda, Jan, 35

  Netherlands, German invasion of, 151

  Neugraben concentration camp, 276n

  Neurath, Konstantin von, 129, 137–38, 199, 200

  “Never Surrender,” 228

  New British Broadcasting Station, Germany, 166

  Nicolson, Harold, 87–88, 295

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 411

  Norway, German invasion of, 149–50

  Obama, Barack, 90n

  Opálka, Adolf, 215, 216, 222, 225

  Operation Anthropoid, 215–16

  Operation Barbarossa, 204

  Operation Eagle, 169

  Operation Overlord, 289

  Operation Reinhard, 204

  Operation Southeast, 110

  Opletal, Jan, 134

  Orwell, George, 297, 403

  Ottoman Empire, 40, 69

  Paris Peace Conference (1919), 44–45, 55

  Paris Peace Conference (1946), 357–60, 361, 365

  Pater, Oscar (great-uncle), 207

  Paterová, Herta (father᾽s cousin), 207

  Paterová, Irma Körbelová (great-aunt), 207, 282

  Patton, George S., 300, 305, 316, 317, 320

  Peake, Charles, 389–90

  Pearl Harbor, 229

  Petherick, Maurice, 304

  Pikwicka Forest, Latvia, 207

  Pinkas Synagogue, Prague, 2–3


  Pius II, Pope, 23

  Plan Green, 77

  Plzeň labor camp, 276n

  Poland:

  antifascist uprising in, 312

  borders of, 45, 303

  and England, 125, 126, 303

  and France, 85

  German invasion of, 127–28, 144, 148, 169, 200

  Jews massacred in, 235–36, 239, 269, 270

  Jews transported to, 204, 239

  Katyn Forest massacre, 257, 260, 293

  liberation of, 411

  and pan-Slav brotherhood, 33

  and Soviet Union, 107, 127, 148, 292–93, 302, 303, 304–5

  territorial claims of, 98, 108, 257–58

  and Yalta Conference, 301–5

  Potsdam Conference, 337

  Prague:

  author’s childhood in, 322–25

  author’s visits to, 8–10, 367

  censorship in, 196–97

  Černín Palace in, 325

  collapse of government in, 379–84

  culture in, 72–73, 130

  Czech puppet government in, 195, 219

  diversity in, 20, 32, 66

  general strike in, 92

  German occupation of, 16, 16, 129–41, 411

  German troops in, 14–16, 14, 117, 119

  guillotine used by Nazis in, 133, 133, 324

  in history, 18–19, 52

  Hitler in, 16

  Jewish settlements in, 8, 239

  Korbel family in, 52–53, 239–41, 322–25

  liberation of, 315–21, 318, 319, 366–67

  martial law in, 200

  pan-Slav congress (1848) in, 376

  Peček Palace, 132–33

  political refugees in, 113–14

  Red Army in, 314–15, 318–19, 319, 321

  taking back their country, 316–18, 318, 320

  U.S. bombing of, 322

  Prague Spring, 400, 406n

  Přemyslid dynasty, 19–20

  Priestley, J. B., 184

  Princip, Gavrilo, 205

  radar, 169–70, 172, 173

  Rahm, Karl, 279, 281, 342

  Redlich, Gonda, 254, 269

  Reformation, 22

  Reston, James “Scotty,” 183

  Rhineland, German occupation of, 57, 70, 77, 87, 105

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 15, 402

  Ribnikar, Jara, 61

  Ribnikar, Vladimir, 61

  Ripka, Hubert, 120–22, 161, 162, 235, 236, 378–83, 385, 386, 400

  Romania:

  liberation of, 411

  and Little Entente, 55

  and Soviet Union, 107, 405

  Romanov Empire, 40

  Romanticism, 66

  Rommel, Erwin, 151

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 119

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 86, 147, 176–77, 257

  and Beneš, 259–60, 260

  and Churchill, 152, 229, 256

 

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