Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration
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delayed departures from, 171, 182
distance from, 15, 32, 33, 36, 208, 215, 216, 222
egalitarianism at, 128, 139
entertainment at, 127, 129–30, 144–45, 267–68
guarding of hut in, 161, 170
hut erected at, 124–27, 126, 131, 248, 254
hut temperature at, 132
interpersonal tensions at, 151–60
location of, 96, 111–13
Mawson’s return to, 244–49
naming of, 113
newspaper published at, 262–68
other structures erected at, 131
parting between the men at, 207–8
quasi-military regimen at, 139–40
Western Base compared with, 163, 164, 169
Western Party’s return to, 187–88, 208
wind at, 132–39, 141, 145, 146, 148–49, 152, 159, 160, 164, 259, 260, 268, 283
Cape Evans, 203
Cape Freshfield, 32, 180, 295
Cape Royds, 49, 55–58, 63, 75, 76, 78, 79, 118
deadline for, 60, 68, 80
Nimrod’s departure from, 82
wintering over at, 56–57, 125, 133
Cape Washington, 60, 76
Caroline Cove, 99–100, 103, 105
Aurora’s return to, 107–8
cars, 57–58, 96, 183
Caruso (dog), 131
Cathedral Grotto, 182, 183, 186
celebrations, 172, 288
birthday, 56, 144, 152, 269–70
Christmas, 175, 185, 192, 198, 199, 215–16
Challenger expedition (1872–74), 117
champagne, 289, 290
“championship,” 145, 265
China, 57, 58
chocolate, 141, 173, 217, 237, 238
Christmas celebrations, 175, 185, 192, 198, 199, 215–16
chronometers, 64, 185
Churchill, Winston, 299
cigarettes, 141
Cleland, John, 224–25
climate, 55, 138–39
climbing equipment, 50–51
Close, John “Hollow-leg”; “Terror,” 130, 142, 149, 158–61, 170
Mawson’s view of, 154, 158, 161
in Near Eastern Party, 161, 177
clothing, 16, 37, 38, 67, 78
in Aladdin’s Cave, 179
of David, 62, 63, 73
of Hurley, 137
of Mawson, 227, 231, 289–90
of Mertz, 210, 216–17, 218, 226, 305
of search party, 205–6
Clyde (ship), shipwreck of, 102–3
coal, 76, 78, 97, 201
discovery of, 180
fear of shortage of, 110, 111, 119, 120, 252
for stove, 132, 140, 254
“Commercial Resources of Antarctica, The” (Mawson), 265
Commission Internationale de Ravitaillement, 298
Commonwealth Bay, 113–16, 138, 161, 181, 186, 189, 249, 277, 281, 284–85
Aurora’s returns to, 202, 203, 207, 242, 247, 284
Davis’s departure deadline from, 205
walks on, 267–68
compass, 58, 59, 81, 175, 238, 239
conjunctivitis, 211
continental drift, 307
Cook, Frederick A., 156
cooking, cooks, 98, 139, 141–42, 157, 158, 196, 216, 256
in Aladdin’s Cave, 179
of Jeffryes, 256, 270, 280
of Mawson, 128, 221, 223, 229, 270
coral atolls, 39
cornea, 22
Correll, Percy, 149, 203, 298, 306
in Eastern Coastal Party, 179–82
cotton:
burberry, 37, 146
japara, 173, 210
crampons, 50–51, 73, 134, 138
improvised, 240–43, 305
Mawson’s throwing away of, 236, 240
“Cremation of Sam McGee, The” (Service), 129
crevasses, 24–30, 32–36, 137, 178, 282
BAE and, 54, 66, 67, 75, 78, 79–80
Far Eastern Party return and, 211, 230–33, 235–36, 241, 309
Madigan’s Eastern Coastal Party and, 180
Mawson’s close calls with, 230–33, 305, 311–12
Ninnis’s close call with, 25, 27
Ninnis’s death in, 35–36, 208–9, 211, 215, 216, 230, 231, 248, 296, 308, 309
open vs. hidden, 24
sledge accidents in, 27–29, 34–36, 208–9, 309
Southern Party and, 174–75
Western Coastal Party and, 190
Western Party and, 166, 167
Wild’s Eastern Coastal Party and, 194, 195, 196, 199, 209
“crook cooks,” 128
cyanide, 232
Dante, 196
David, T. W. Edgeworth, 39–40, 41, 43, 82–84, 307
in BAE, 40, 44, 50–72, 82–83, 111, 171
close call of, 66–67
diary of, 60, 62, 65, 68, 73
Mawson compared with, 43, 56
Mawson’s correspondence with, 87
Mawson’s homecoming and, 287
Mawson’s irritation with, 61–64, 69, 82
Mawson’s reconciliation with, 82
pokiness of, 64
Terra Nova expedition and, 87, 88
weakness and breakdown of, 50, 65, 68–74, 76–77
Davis, John King “Gloomy”:
AAE and, 93–95, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 107–13, 115–23, 181–82, 187–88, 189, 198, 202–8, 242, 243, 246–52, 261, 281, 282, 284, 286–87, 291, 310
AAE leadership assumed by, 203
anchor failure feared by, 115
BAE and, 44–45, 75–78
madeira of, 117
Mawson’s marriage and, 289–90
Mawson’s note to, 171, 188, 202–3
Mawson’s quarrel with, 301, 303
on Ninnis and Mertz, 95
three-day scout of, 206–7
on Western Party, 122
on Wild’s team, 198
Davis Station, 308, 310–11
Delprat, Francesca “Paquita,” see Mawson, Francesca Delprat
Delprat, Guillaume Daniel, 85, 86, 90–91, 289
Delprat, Mrs., 288, 290
Denman Glacier, 194–95, 198
depression, polar, 152, 156, 158, 259–60, 262, 271–72
dip circle, see inclinometer
dip readings, 68, 71, 175
Discovery (ship), 46, 81, 109
Discovery expedition (1901–04), 40, 45–50, 81, 263
rescue plan in, 120
ship trapped in, 109
Wild in, 94, 118, 163, 164
dog food, 19, 23, 32, 165, 209, 210
loss of, 37
doggerel, 176–77, 264–65
dogs:
in Amundsen’s expedition, 57
see also huskies, Eskimo; specific dogs
Dovers, George, 99, 196, 201, 249, 304
in Western Coastal Party, 189–92
Drake, Francis, 117
dreams, 29, 31
drinking problem, 155–56
Drygalski, Erich D. von, 65, 108, 190, 191
Drygalski Ice Tongue, 63, 65–66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 93
Dry Valley, 59, 63
Dumont d’Urville, Jules S.-C., 108–9, 187
dynamite, 125, 283
dysentery, 79, 81, 185, 222
Eagle (ship), 104
Earth, magnetic field of, 59, 131
Eastern Coastal Party, of Madigan, 161, 170–71, 178–82, 184, 208, 283
Eastern Coastal Party, of Wild, 189, 193–200, 208, 209
Denman Glacier and, 194–95, 198
discovery missed by, 198–99
dogs with, 193–99
sledge disappearance and, 193–94
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea (Koehler), 300
Eckford, Miss, 291, 292
Edward VII, King of England, 82, 144, 152, 175
eggs, penguin, 191
Elephant Island, refugees on, 118, 302
Ellora (clipper ship), 38
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“empties,” 111
Endeavour (ship), 298–99
Enderby Land, 93
Endurance, The (Alexander), 302
Endurance (Lansing), 300
Endurance expedition (Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition; 1914–17), 118, 274, 289, 299, 300, 302
engineering, 39, 40
England, 18, 38, 274, 294, 298, 299
David’s visit to, 83
diet in, 225
Madigan in, 151
Mawson in, 86–88, 91, 96, 290, 294–96, 298, 299
Shackleton’s return to, 82, 88–89
entertainment, 117
at Western Base, 166
wintering over and, 56–57, 127, 129–30, 144–45, 267–68
Erebus, Mount, 50–56
BAE ascent of, 50–55
BAE descent of, 55
crater of, 53–54
Evans, Frederick Pryce, 75–78
Everest, Mount, 139, 312
exploration, 18–19, 32
headmaster’s prophecy about, 39
see also specific expeditions
Far Eastern Party, 15–37, 179, 202–46, 251, 289
ambition of, 19, 29, 33, 171
Aurora’s three-day scout for, 206–7
crevasse accidents of, 27–29, 34–36, 208–9, 211, 215, 216, 230–33, 305
delay in return of, 181, 182, 187–88, 202–7
discouragements of first week of, 19–20
discoveries made by, 32
Jarvis’s recreation of, 308–12
preserving the memory of, 234
search party for, 205–6, 229, 240–42
selection of teammates for, 95
Southern Party compared with, 171–72
speed expectations for, 26, 30–31
tragedy of, 35–37, 161, 170, 171, 188, 208–9, 211, 223–26
weight of impedimenta of, 19
Farthest North, 83
Farthest South, 45, 118
film packs, discarding of, 215, 226
finnesko, 50–51, 68, 240, 306
5-mile Depot, 156, 178
Flannery, Nancy Robinson, 86
Flinders Ranges, 84
flying fox (aerial tramway), 106, 116, 122
flying foxes, 41
Fogg, Gordon E., 301
food, 16, 138, 254
in BAE, 51, 52, 56, 63–72, 76–81
biscuit, 172, 173, 215, 217, 220–21, 243, 309
blancmange, 128
broth and soup, 221, 223, 229, 309
butter, 173, 212, 309
at Cape Denison, 139, 140–41, 144–45
chocolate, 141, 173, 217, 237, 238
Christmas, 175, 192, 215–16
cocoa, 173, 212, 217, 223, 237, 309
depots of, 172, 175, 176, 180, 181, 188, 192, 193
doggerel about, 176–77
in Far Eastern Party return, 209, 210, 212, 214–29, 231, 234–43
fruit, 186–87, 241–42
hoosh, 46, 52, 77, 136, 172–73, 309
kangaroo jerky, 309
liver, 224–25
menu planning and, 69, 140, 144–45, 175
mutton, 103, 106, 140
in New Hebrides, 41
pemmican, 52, 172, 214, 217, 239, 243, 309
penguins, see penguins, meat
seal, see seal meat
on ship, 44–97, 98
see also dog food; rations; seal meat
Fort Street Public School, 39
Framheim base, 48, 122, 123
France, 296, 297, 298
Franklin (dog), 19
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 296
French expedition (1840), 108–9
Freshfield, Douglas, 32, 180, 295
frostbite, 54, 70, 114, 133, 146–47, 149, 306
Far Eastern Party return and, 220, 222
Fuchs, Vivian, 312
fuel, 37
depots of, 172, 175, 180, 188
see also coal
fumaroles, 54
Funafuti, 39
Fusilier (dog), 27
Gadget (dog), 19, 21, 131
Gallipoli, 297, 298
gas, 92
Gauss (ship), 108, 109
Gaussberg, 108, 189–90, 191
gear, for mountain climbing, 50–51
gear and supplies, AAE:
Aurora overloaded with, 97
depot of, 20
discarding of, 215, 226, 236
distribution among sledges of, 23, 32–33, 35
last sledging expedition and, 282–83
missing, 124
rescue of, 27–28, 124
Toroa’s carrying of, 97
unloading of, 114–17, 122
weight of, 19
geology, 86, 184, 278, 281, 300
of Australian outback, 43
BAE and, 50, 54, 55, 58, 67–68
David’s work in, 39–40
Mawson’s study of, 39, 43
of New Hebrides, 41
at University of Adelaide, 43
George (dog), 34, 210
George V, King of England, 274, 288, 290, 296
Gerlache, Adrien de, 156, 262
German expedition (1902), 108, 190, 191–92
German language, 16, 129
Germany, 297, 299
Ginger (dog), 23, 27, 30, 131, 212, 213, 215, 217–18
Ginger Bitch (dog), 19, 25, 131
glaciers, glaciation, 23–25, 33, 110
in Antarctica vs. mountain ranges, 24
David’s exposure to, 40
Mawson’s interest in, 42–43
in South Australia, 42–43
Western Base site selection and, 120–23
see also crevasses; snow bridges; specific glaciers
Glacier Tongue, 81
glare, 22
Glaxo, 173, 220–21, 243
glissading, 55
God, 211, 233
goggles, 22, 70, 72, 176
gold mines, 84–85, 87, 89
golf, 166
Grandmother (dog), 131
Granite Harbour, 63
Gray, Percy, 117, 204–5
on carousing, 116
on coal, 120
on Davis, 115, 119
on Ninnis, 98–99, 117
on ship cook, 98
Great Britain, 97, 199, 299
intelligence of, 143
see also England; London
Greenland Inuit, 225
gulls, skua, 191
guns, 215, 229, 273
Haddelsey, Stephen, 258
Haldane (dog), 212, 214–15
Hannam, Walter “Baby Bliss”; “Fat Boy,” 145, 149, 298
on bathing, 142
hut guarded by, 170
radio communications and, 131–32, 147–48, 153–54, 185, 203, 246–47, 255
snoring of, 128
weight of, 130, 147
Harrisson, Charles, 103–5, 122, 163, 166, 169, 192–200
Aurora’s arrival and, 249, 251
death of, 298–99
in Eastern Coastal Party, 193–200
Moyes’s concerns about, 197–98
Hasselborough Bay, 100, 103
Haswell Island, 190–91
Hayes, J. Gordon, 301
Heart of the Antarctic, The (Shackleton), 50, 60
David’s appendices to, 55, 66–67, 74
Heinemann, William, 299
heroic age (1897–1917), 18, 162, 299, 301, 306
“hike,” 31
Hillary, Edmund, 312
Hippo Depot, 192, 193–94, 196
Hoadley, Archibald, 99, 114, 167, 168
in Western Coastal Party, 189–92
Hobart, 19, 94, 97, 153, 281, 282, 298
Aurora’s return to, 110, 120, 122, 123, 252, 253, 287
hockey, 166
Hodgeman, Alfred “Uncle Alfy”; “Bouncing Bertie,” 125, 130, 170, 203–6, 254–55, 263, 291
getting lost of, 138
in last sledging journey, 282–84
selected for second wintering over, 203–5
in Western Party, 182–88
Holyman, Tom “Roaring Tom,” 97–98, 99
Home of the Blizzard, The (Mawson), 25–29, 31, 34–35, 60, 139, 153, 255
air-tractor breakdown in, 182–83
coal discovery in, 180
diary compared with, 153
Far Eastern Party return in, 211, 212, 221, 232–35, 241
foibles and quirks in, 150
Hodgeman-Madigan blizzard experience in, 138
homecoming in, 287
Jeffryes’s madness in, 293
Macquarie Island in, 170
map of, 93
McLean’s help with, 298
meals described in, 140
narrative conundrum in, 169–70
publication of, 299
Southern Party accomplishments in, 178
Western Coastal Party in, 192
Western Party achievements in, 187
hoosh, 46, 52, 77, 136, 172–73, 309
Hound of the Baskervilles, The (Doyle), 260, 272
Howchin, Walter, 42–43
Humboldt Mountains, 184
Hungary, 87
gold mines in, 84–85, 87, 89
Hunter, John, 124, 143, 145, 149, 170, 298, 304
on Bage, 171, 297
on bathing, 142
on Close, 158–59
on gramophone, 129
Mawson criticized by, 151
Southern Party and, 170, 172
on Whetter, 156
Huntford, Roland, 45–46, 47, 80, 82, 87, 299
Hurley, Frank “Hoyle,” 100–106, 146, 149, 205–8, 273, 302
Antarctica arrival of, 112–13
background of, 101
close call of, 137, 138
in crevasse, 174–75
darkroom of, 127
doggerel of, 176–77
in Endurance expedition, 289, 302
on hut erection, 125, 127
memoir of, 303
nickname of, 130
practical jokes of, 101, 127, 142, 159–60
as raconteur, 143
in search party, 205–6, 240–42
self-inflicted traverse of, 103–5
in Southern Party, 171–81
Hurley, Mrs., 102
huskies, Eskimo, 19–25, 27–37, 171, 208–15, 217–18, 282
Amundsen’s donation of, 254, 256–57
attempts to stay warm of, 134–35
at Cape Denison, 130, 131, 134–35, 254, 256–57
death of, 19, 95, 112, 165
food for, 19, 23, 32, 131, 165, 209, 210, 212, 257
humans’ eating of, 37, 210, 212, 214–19, 224–25, 226, 236, 238, 309
litter of pups eaten by, 20–21
lost, 27
as mirage, 187–88
naming of, 19, 131
running away of, 20, 23, 27, 165, 193
shooting of, 19, 23, 27, 95, 199, 212, 215
transport of, 19, 94, 95, 99, 106, 112, 130–31, 165, 252
weakening of, 30, 35, 165, 211–15
in Wild’s Eastern Coastal Party, 193–99
Hutchinson (Macquarie sealer), 103–5
hut design, 125, 126, 163