On Haiku

by Hiroaki Sato

  Hinatsu Kōnosuke 日夏耿之介 (1890–1971): Poet, professor of English literature.

  Hino Ashihei 火野葦平 (1907–60): Novelist and essayist.

  Hino Sōjō 日野草城 (1901–56): Haiku poet.

  Hirahata Seitō 平畑静塔 (1905–77): Haiku poet.

  Hiro’oka Sesshi 広岡雪芝 (1670–1711): Haikai poet.

  Hoshino Bakujin 星野麦人 (1877–1965): Haiku poet.

  Hoshino Tatsuko 星野立子 (1903–84): Haiku poet.

  Hozumi Tōtō 穂積東藤 (dates unknown): Haikai poet in the early Edo period.

  Hubbell, Lindley Williams (1901–94): American poet and Shakespearean scholar who lived the latter half of his life in Japan.

  Ichimaru Rinosuke 市丸利之助 (1891–1945): Vice admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy; tanka poet.

  Ichi’on 一音 (c. 18th century): Haikai poet.

  Ihara Saikaku 井原西鶴 (1642–93): Haikai poet and novelist.

  Iida Ryūta 飯田龍太 (1920–2007): Haiku poet.

  Iio Sōgi 飯尾宗祇 (1421–1502): Renga master.

  Ikeno Gyokuran 池玉瀾 (1728–84): Painter and tanka poet.

  Ike Taiga 池大雅 (1723–76): Painter.

  Ikkyū 一休 (1394–1481): Zen monk and poet.

  Ippyō 一瓢 (1770–1840): Buddhist Holy Priest Nikkan’s haikai name.

  Iriya Yoshitaka 入矢義高 (1910–98): Scholar of classical Chinese literature and Buddhism.

  Ishida Hakyō 石田波郷 (1913–69): Haiku poet.

  Ishikawa Jun 石川淳 (1899–1987): Novelist, translator of French literature, essayist.

  Isoda Kōichi 磯田光一 (1931–87): Literary critic, scholar of English literature.

  Itō Sei 伊藤整 (1905–69): Novelist, essayist, translator.

  Iwata Kurō 岩田九郎 (d. 1970): Scholar of haikai.

  Jien 慈円 (1155–1225): Buddhist archbishop and historian.

  Josetsu 如拙(c. 1405–96): Chinese immigrant; known as “the father of Japanese ink painting.”

  Jōshū Jūshin 趙州従諗(778–897): Chinese Chan monk Zhaozhou Congshen.

  Kacian, Jim (b. 1953): American haiku poet and publisher.

  Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651–1716): German naturalist who wrote Flora Japonica.

  Kagami Shikō 各務支考 (1665–1731): Haikai poet and essayist.

  Kaga no Chiyojo 加賀千代女 (1703–75): Haikai poet.

  Kamiyama Himeyo 神山姫余 (b. 1963): Haiku poet.

  Kaneko Tōta 金子兜太 (b. 1919): Haiku poet.

  Katayama Tōshi 片山桃史 (1912–44): Haiku poet.

  Katō Chūyō 加藤中庸 (1904–50): Haiku poet with the haiku name of Shishū (紫舟) and scholar of classical hokku; Katō Ikuya’s father.

  Katō Gyōtai 加藤暁台 (1732–92): Haikai poet.

  Katō Ikuya 加藤郁乎 (1929–2012): Haiku poet and scholar; businessman.

  Katō Masao 加藤まさを (1897–1977): Painter, illustrator, lyricist, author of stories for girls.

  Katō Shūson 加藤楸邨 (1905–93): Haiku poet and scholar.

  Katsushika Hokusai 葛飾北斎 (1760–1849): Ukiyo-e painter.

  Kawahigashi Hekigodō 河東碧梧桐 (1873–1937): Haiku poet who advocated “free-rhythm” haiku.

  Kawai Chigetsu 河合智月(1633–1718): Haikai poet.

  Kawai Otokuni 河合乙州 (1657–1720): Haikai poet; Kawai Chigetsu’s brother.

  Kaya Shirao 加舎白雄 (1738–91): Haikai poet.

  Kimura Masatomi 木村昌福 (1891–1960): A rear admiral who pulled off the retreat later called the Kiska Miracle.

  Kinoshita Katsutoshi 木下勝俊 (1569–1649): Warrior-commander, daimyo, tanka poet.

  Kitsuda Shunko 橘田春湖 (1815–86): Known for a hoax account of the birth of Bashō’s “pond-frog” hokku.

  Kobayashi Hideo 小林秀雄 (1902–83): Literary critic.

  Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 (1763–1827): Haikai poet and essayist.

  Kōda Rohan 幸田露伴 (1867–1947): Novelist.

  Konishi Jin’ichi 小西甚一 (1915–2007): Scholar of Japanese literature.

  Konparu Zenchiku 金春禅竹 (1405–71): Nō dramatist.

  Kōun 吼雲 (17th century): Haikai poet.

  Kōzan 工山 (17th century): Haikai poet.

  Kubota Han’ya 窪田般彌 (1926–2003): Poet and scholar of French literature.

  Kubota Isen 窪田意専 (1640–1704): Haikai poet.

  Kubota Mantarō 久保田万太郎 (1889–1963): Playwright, stage director, novelist, haiku poet.

  Kuga Katsunan 陸羯南 (1857–1907): Newspaper publisher, nationalistic journalist.

  Kūkai 空海 (774–835): Founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism.

  Kuribayashi Tadamichi 栗林忠道 (1891–1945): Lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Navy; haiku poet.

  Kuriyama Riichi 栗山理一 (1909–89): Scholar of Japanese literature.

  Kuwabara Takeo 桑原武夫 (1904–88): Professor of humanities and French literature.

  Kuwata Tadachika 桑田忠親 (1902–87): Historian of Japan’s Age of Warring States.

  Kyōgoku Kiyō 京極杞陽 (1908–81): Haiku poet; painter.

  LaFleur, William (1936–2010): American scholar of Buddhism and Japanese literature.

  Li Shangyin 李商隱 (813–858): Tang dynasty poet.

  Liu Xiang 劉向 (77–6 BC): Chinese scholar, poet, compiler of the first catalogue of the Imperial library.

  Lu Shang 呂尚 (11th century BC): China’s legendary military strategist; adviser to King Wen.

  Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 (1867–1902): Pioneering modern haiku and tanka poet.

  Matsumoto Michihiro 松本道弘 (b. 1940): Interpreter, lecturer, critic.

  Matsumoto Takashi 松本たかし (1906–56): Haiku poet.

  Matsumura Kyoshū 松村巨湫 (1894–1964): Haiku poet.

  Matsuo Bashō 松尾芭蕉 (1644–94): Most famous haikai poet of the Edo period.

  Matsuyama Shuntarō 松山俊太郎 (1930–2014): Scholar of Indian literature and Sanskrit.

  Mayuzumi Madoka 黛まどか (b. 1962): Haiku poet.

  Mayuzumi Shū 黛執 (b. 1930): Haiku poet; Mayuzumi Madoka’s father.

  Minamoto no Yorimasa 源頼政 (1104–80): Warrior and poet.

  Minamoto no Yoshinaka 源義仲 (1154–84): Warrior.

  Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源義経 (1159–89): Warrior.

  Mishima Yukio三 島由紀夫 (1925–70): Novelist, playwright; haiku poet when young.

  Mitsuhashi Takajo 三橋鷹女 (1899–1972): Haiku poet.

  Mizuhara Shūōshi 水原秋桜子 (1892–1981): Haiku poet.

  Morikawa Kyoriku 森川許六 (1656–1716): Samurai haikai poet.

  Mōri Terumoto 毛利輝元 (1553–1625): Warlord and daimyo.

  Mugaku 無学 (1226–86): Chinese Zen master Wuxue, who taught in Japan.

  Mukai Gentan 向井元端 (1649–1704): Physician; Mukai Kyorai’s brother.

  Mukai Kyorai 向井去来 (1651–1704): Samurai haikai poet.

  Mumon Suikai 無門慧開(1183–1260): Chinese Chan master Wumen Huikai; author of Mumonkan.

  Murakami Kijō 村上鬼城 (1865–1938): Haiku poet.

  Muramatsu Takeshi 村松剛 (1929–94): Scholar of French literature.

  Naemura Jishū 苗村慈周 (1734–1801): Buddhist monk and kanshi poet.

  Nagai Kafū 永井荷風 (1879–1959): Novelist and translator of French poetry.

  Nagata Kōi 永田耕衣 (1900–97): Haiku poet.

  Nagatsuka Takashi 長塚節 (1879–1915): Novelist and tanka poet.

  Naitō Jōsō 内藤丈草 (1662–1704): Samurai and haikai poet.

  Nakagawa Kamenbō 中山仮面坊 (b. 1913): Senryū poe
t.

  Nakamura Hajime 中村元 (1912–99): Scholar of Indian philosophy and Buddhism.

  Nakamura Kusatao 中村草田男 (1901–83): Haiku poet.

  Nakamura Teijo 中村汀女 (1900–88): Haiku poet.

  Nakane Chie 中根千枝 (b. 1926): Anthropologist.

  Nakatsuka Ippekirō 中塚一碧楼 (1887–1946): Haiku poet.

  Natsuishi Ban’ya 夏石番矢 (b. 1955): Scholar of French literature and haiku poet.

  Natsume Seibi 夏目成美 (1749–1816): Merchant and haikai poet.

  Natsume Sōseki 夏目漱石 (1867–1916): Scholar of English literature, novelist, kanshi and haiku poet.

  Nishimura Kazuko 西村和子 (b. 1948): Haiku poet.

  Nishiwaki Junzaburō 西脇順三郎 (1894–1982): Poet and scholar of English literature.

  Nozawa Bonchō 野沢凡兆 (1640–1714): Haikai poet.

  Nozawa Ukō 野沢羽紅 (1687–1743): Haikai poet; wife of Nozawa Bonchō

  O’Brien, Michael (1939–2016): American poet heavily influenced by haiku.

  Oda Nobunaga 織田信長 (1534–82): Daimyo.

  Ogata Tsutomu 尾形仂 (1920–2009): Haikai scholar.

  Ogawa Fūbaku 小川風麦 (d. 1700): Haikai poet.

  Ogiwara Seisensui 荻原井泉水 (1884–1976): Haiku poet.

  Okakura Tenshin 岡倉天心 (1863–1913): Art scholar; author of The Book of Tea.

  Ōnishi Takijirō 大西瀧治郎 (1891–1945): Vice admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.

  Ōoka Makoto 大岡信 (b. 1931): Poet and critic.

  Ōshima Ryōta 大島蓼太 (1718–87): Haikai poet.

  Ōyama Sutematsu 大山捨松 (1860–1919): Educator and director of Japan’s Red Cross.

  Ozaki Hōsai 尾崎放哉 (1885–1926): Haiku poet.

  Page, Curtis Hidden (1870–1946): American poet, translator, and scholar of English and French literature; author and translator of Japanese Poetry: An Historical Essay with Two Hundred and Thirty Translations.

  Po Chu-i 白居易 (772–846): Tang dynasty poet.

  Pulvers, Roger (b. 1944): Australian playwright, essayist, translator of Japanese literature.

  Rinzai Gigen 臨済義玄 (d. 866): Chinese Chan Buddhist master Linji Yuxian; founder of the Linji school of Chan that later became the Rinzai sect of Zen in Japan.

  Rogen-bō 盧元坊 (1688–1747): Haikai poet; his given name was Sengoku Yohē (仙谷与兵衛).

  Saigyō 西行 (1180–90): Tanka poet.

  Saitō Masaya 齋藤昌哉 (b. 1959): Translator, author, and English haiku poet.

  Saitō Mokichi 斎藤茂吉 (1882–1953): Tanka poet.

  Saitō Sanki 西東三鬼 (1900–62): Haiku poet.

  Sakai Hōitsu 酒井抱一 (١٧٦١–1829): Painter and haikai poet.

  Satomura Jōha 里村紹巴 (1524–1602): Renga master.

  Segawa Sozan 瀬川疎山 (dates unknown): Editor of War Haiku in 1904 and of a selection of Shiki haiku in 1908–9.

  Seidensticker, Edward G. (1921–2007): American scholar and translator of Japanese literature.

  Senka 仙化 (dates unknown): Edo period haikai poet who compiled Frog Matches.

  Sen no Sōtan 千宗旦 (1578–1658): Tea master.

  Shiba Sonome 斯波園女 (1664–1726): Haikai poet.

  Shibusawa Tatsuhiko 澁澤龍彦 (1928–87): Translator of French literature and author.

  Shiga Shigetaka 志賀重昂(1863–1927): Editor of the magazine Nihojin; geographer; argued against extreme Westernization.

  Shikishi 式子内親王 (d. 1201): Imperial princess.

  Shima Yoshijirō 志摩芳次郎 (b. 1908): Haiku poet.

  Shimizu Tadao 清水忠夫 (b. 1926): Scholar of classical Japanese literature, especially of renga and haikai.

  Shimomura Hiroshi 下村ひろし (1904–86): Physician in Nagasaki and haiku poet.

  Shinkei 心敬 (1406–75): Renga master.

  Shioe Shayō 潮江車庸 (dates unknown): Studied haikai with Bashō and published a couple of haikai collections.

  Shirane, Haruo (b. 1951): American author and scholar of Japanese literature.

  Shisan 子珊 (d. 1699): Haikai poet.

  Shōfū 梢風 (1669–1758): Haikai poet.

  Shōtesu 正徹 (1381–1459): Buddhist monk and renga master.

  Shōwa Emperor (Hirohito) 裕仁 (1901–89): The 124th emperor.

  Shūshiki 秋色 (1669–1725): Haikai poet.

  Singer, Kurt (1886–1962): German economist, philosopher, Japanophile.

  Sin Yuhan 申維翰 (1681–1752): Korean poet and scholar who visited Japan.

  Snyder, Gary (b. 1930): American poet and translator who studied Zen in Japan.

  Southard, O. Mabson (1911–2000): American haiku poet.

  Spiess, Robert (1921–2002): American editor and haiku poet.

  Suganuma Kyokusui 菅沼曲水 (1659–1717): Haikai poet.

  Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女 (1890–1946): Haiku poet.

  Sugiyama Sanpū 杉山杉風 (1647–1732): Merchant, haikai poet.

  Sumiyoshi Jokei 住吉如慶 (1599–1670): Painter.

  Su Tung-p’o 蘇東坡 (1037–1101): Chinese Song dynasty poet.

  Suzuki, Daisetz T. 鈴木大拙 (1871–1966): Zen scholar.

  Suzuki Shizuko 鈴木しづ子 (1919–52?): Haiku poet called “a hooker.”

  Tada Chimako 多田智満子 (1930–2003): Prominent poet and translator of French literature.

  Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子 (1874–1959): Haiku poet.

  Takahashi Mutsuo 高橋睦郎 (b. 1937): Poet who writes a lot on homoerotic themes.

  Takamura Kōtarō 高村光太郎 (1883–1956): Sculptor, painter, poet.

  Takano Sujū 高野素十 (1893–1976): Haiku poet; physician of forensics medi­cine and serology.

  Takarai Kikaku 宝井其角(1661–1707): Haikai poet.

  Takayanagi Shigenobu 高柳重信 (1923–83): Haiku poet.

  Takenouchi Gengen’ichi 竹内玄々一 (1742–1804): Haikai editor.

  Takenouchi Seisei 竹内青青 (dates unknown): Haiku editor; Takenouchi Gengen’ichi’s son.

  Takeshita Shizunojo 竹下しづの女 (1887–1951): Haiku poet.

  Taneda Santōka 種田山頭火 (1882–1940): Haiku poet.

  Tanemura Suehiro 種村季弘 (1933–2004): Scholar of German literature.

  Tawara Machi 俵万智 (b. 1962): Tanka poet.

  Tōchō 東潮 (dates unknown): Edo period haikai poet.

  Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 (1543–1616): Founder of the Tokugawa shogunate.

  Tōsan Ryōkai 洞山良价 (807–869): Chinese Chan Buddhist monk Dongshan Liangjia; founded the Caodong school that developed into the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan.

  Tsubouchi Toshinori 坪内稔典 (b. 1944): Haiku poet, scholar of haiku literature.

  Tsuru Akira 鶴彬 (1909–38): Senryū poet.

  Tsusaka Tōyō 津阪東陽 (1758–1825): Scholar and educator.

  Tu Fu 杜甫 (712–770): Tang dynasty poet.

  Ueda, Makoto (b. 1931): American scholar of Japanese literature.

  Uejima Onitsura 上島鬼貫 (1661–1738): Haikai poet.

  Ueno Sachiko 上野さち子 (1925–2001): Scholar of haikai and haiku; haiku poet.

  Ugaki Matome 宇垣纒 (1890–1945): Vice admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.

  Ungo Dōyō 雲居道膺 (834–902): Chinese Chan master Yunju Daoying; student of Dongshan Liangjia.

  Utagawa 歌川 (dates unknown): Hokku poet; prostitute mentioned in Episodes of Eccentrics Among Haikai Poets (1816).

  Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川国芳 (1798–1861): Ukiyo-e painter.

  van den Heuvel, Cor (b. 1931): American haiku poet and anthologist.

  Wada Deisoku 和田泥足 (b. 1655): Haikai poet.


  Wakayama Bokusui 若山牧水 (1885–1932): Tanka poet.

  Watanabe Hakusen 渡辺白泉 (1913–69): Haiku poet.

  Watanabe Suiha 渡辺水巴 (1882–1946): Haiku poet.

  Watson, Burton (1925–2017): American translator of classical Chinese and Japanese literature.

  Whalen, Philip (1923–2002): American Zen Buddhist and poet.

  Williams, Paul O. (1935–2009): American scholar, science-fiction writer, haiku poet.

  Wills, John (1921–93): American haiku poet.

  Xuanzong 玄宗 (685–762): Chinese emperor.

  Yagawa Sumiko 矢川澄子 (1930–2002): Poet and translator.

  Yamada Yoshio 山田孝雄 (1875–1958): Scholar of classical Japanese literature; renga master.

  Yamaguchi Seishi 山口誓子 (1901–94): Haiku poet.

  Yamakawa Semio 山川蝉夫. See Takayanagi Shigenobu.

  Yamamoto Kenkichi 山本健吉 (1907–88): Haikai and haiku scholar.

  Yang Yi 楊億 (974–1020): Chinese Northern Song poet.

  Yazawa Ogami 矢澤尾上 (20th century): Haiku poet; wrote about Suzuki Shizuko.

  Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 (1716–84): Haikai poet, painter.

  Yosano Akiko 与謝野晶子 (1872–1942): Free verse and tanka poet.

  Yoshida Issui 吉田一穂 (1898–1973): Free verse and tanka poet.

  Yoshida Kanetomo 吉田兼倶 (1435–1511): Shintoist who founded the Yuiitsu school.

  Yoshida Kenkō 吉田兼好 (1283–c.1352): Essayist and tanka poet.

  Yoshida Kanemi 吉田兼見 (1535–1610): Shintoist.

  Yoshioka Minoru 吉岡実 (1919–90): Poet who started out as a tanka poet.

  Young, Virginia Brady (1911–2012): American haiku poet.

  Yuasa Nobuyuki 湯浅信之 (b. 1932): Professor of English literature.

  Yuhara, Prince 湯原王 (dates unknown): Tanka poet.

  Yūgen 宥源 (dates unknown): Edo period Buddhist monk.

  Yūki Shōji 結城昌治 (1927–96): Author of detective stories.

  Zhaoming, Crown Prince 昭明太子 (501–531): Chinese compiler of the Anthology of Literature (Wen Xuan).

  Zheng Banquio 鄭板橋 (1693–1765): Chinese poet, painter, calligrapher.

  Zhiyi 智顗 (538–597): Chinese founder of Tiantai Buddhism; Tiantai developed into the Tendai school of Mahayana Buddhism in Japan, where he is known as Chigi.

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