American Crisis

by William M. Fowler Jr.

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C. The American Revolution and the French Alliance. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1969.

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  _____. Iron Tears. New York: Free Press, 2005.

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  Washington’s Writings

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  Chase, Philander D., ed. The Papers of George Washington. Revolutionary War Series. 20 vols., in progress. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985–.

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  Dissertations

  Berlin, Robert H. “The Aministration of Military Justice in the Continental Army During the American Revolution, 1775–1783.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1976.

  Dendy, John O. “Frederick Haldimand and the Defense of Canada, 1778–1784.” Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 1972.

  Edmonson, James H. “Desertion in the American Army During the Revolutionary War.” Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University, 1971.

  Mintz, Max. “Gouverneur Morris: The Emergence of a Nationalist.” Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1957.

  Newspapers

  Boston Evening Post

  Boston Gazette

  Connecticut Courant (Hartford)

  Newport Mercury

  New York Gazette and Mercury

  New York Times

  Parker’s General Advertiser (London)

  Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia)

  Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser (Philadelphia)

  Pennsylvania Packet (Philadelphia)

  Providence Gazette

  Rivington’s Royal Gazette (New York City)

  Sherborne Mercury (Dorset, United Kingdom)

  Web Sites

  “Articles of Capitulation,” http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/art_of_cap_1781.asp

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  Bastado, Russell, comp., “Likenesses of New Hampshire War Heroes and Personages in the Collections of the New Hampshire State House and State Library,” http://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/publications/warheroes/evansrev.html

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  Berrien, Judge John, www.dennisberrien.com/StoriesJudgeJ.html

  “Book of Negroes,” http://www.blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/documents/official/book_of_negroes.htm

  “Commanders of the Corps of Engineers,” http://www.usace.army.mil/History/Pages/Commanders.aspx

  Dictionary of Canadian Biography, http://www.biographi.ca/index-e.html

  Grizzard, Frank E., “George Washington and the Society of the Cincinnati,” http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/grizzard_2.html

  Journals of the Continental Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwjc.html

  Letters of Delegates to Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwdg.html

  Official Register of Officers and Men of New Jersey, http://www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/Digidox22.php

  Purple Heart, http://www.thepurpleheart.com/

  Society of the Cincinnari, http://www.soc
ietyofthecincinnati.org

  Walter Stewart Orderly Book, American Philosophical Society, http://aps-pub.com/mole/view?docId=ead/Mss.973.3.St4-ead.xml;query=;brand=default

  “Mrs Walter Stewart,” http://ecatalogue.art.yale.edu/detail.htm?objectId=59034

  “Treaty of Peace,” http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp

  “Washington’s Headquarters,” http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/revolution/itinerary/index.html

  George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html

  Appendix 1

  To the General, Field & other Officers Assembled at the New Building pursuant to the General Order of the 11th. Instant March.

  Head Quarters Newburgh

  15th. of March 1783.

  GENTLEMEN,

  By an anonymous summons, an attempt has been made to convene you together—how inconsistent with the rules of propriety!—how unmilitary!—and how subversive of all order and discipline—let the good sense of the Army decide.—

  In the moment of this summons, another anonymous production was sent into circulation; addressed more to the feelings of passions, than to the reason & judgment of the Army.—The Author of the piece, is entitled to much credit for the goodness of his Pen:—and I could wish he had as much credit for the rectitude of his Heart—for, as men see thro’ different Optics, and are induced by the reflecting faculties of the Mind, to use different means to attain the same end;—the Author of the Address, should have had more charity, than to mark for Suspicion, the Man who should recommend moderation and longer forbearance—or, in other words, who should not think as he thinks, and act as he advises.—But he had another plan in view, in which candor and liberality of Sentiment, regard to justice, and love of Country, have no part, and he was right, to insinuate the darkest suspicion, to effect the blackest designs.

  That the Address is drawn with great Art, and is designed to answer the most insidious purposes.—That it is calculated to impress the Mind, with an idea of premeditated injustice in the Sovereign power of the United States, and rouse all those resentments which must unavoidably flow from such a belief.—That the secret Mover of this Scheme (whoever he may be) intended to take advantage of the passions, while they were warmed by the recollection of past distresses, without giving time for cool, deliberative thinking, & that composure of Mind which is so necessary to give dignity & stability to Measures, is rendered too obvious, by the mode of conducting the business to need other proof than a reference to the proceeding.—