This Strange Wilderness: The Life and Art of John James Audubon
Page 8
23. Chancellor, Audubon, 199.
24. Ford, John James Audubon, 296.
25. Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, 2:142.
26. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 836.
8. This Strange Wilderness
1. Corning, Letters of John James Audubon, 2:136.
2. Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, 2:187.
3. Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, 2:261.
4. Foshay, John James Audubon, 118.
5. Streshinsky, Audubon, 343.
6. Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, 2:211.
7. Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, 2:209.
8. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 855.
9. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 594.
10. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 598.
11. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 588.
12. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 615.
13. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 642.
14. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 643.
15. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 732.
16. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 677.
17. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 725.
18. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 591.
19. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 692–93.
20. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 712.
21. Streshinsky, Audubon, 351.
22. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 749.
23. Foshay, John James Audubon, 120.
24. M. Audubon, Audubon and His Journals, 1:76.
25. Ford, John James Audubon, 422.
9. Audubon Then and Now
1. J. Audubon, Writings and Drawings, 758.
2. M. Audubon, Audubon and His Journals, 2:206–7.
3. Olson, Audubon’s Aviary, 63.
4. J. Audubon, Ornithological Biography, 2:14.
Bibliography
Arthur, Stanley Clisby. Audubon: An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman. Gretna LA: Pelican Publishing, 2000.
Audubon, John James. Audubon in the West. Compiled and edited by John Francis McDermott. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
—. Ornithological Biography, or An Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America. Volumes 1–5. Memphis: General Books, 2012.
—. Writings and Drawings. Edited by Christopher Irmscher. New York: The Library of America, 1999.
Audubon, Maria R. Audubon and His Journals. 2 vols. New York: Dover Publications, 1994.
Chancellor, John. Audubon. New York: Viking Press, 1978.
Corning, Howard, ed. Letters of John James Audubon, 1826–1840. 2 vols. Boston: The Club of Odd Volumes, 1930; New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969.
Ford, Alice. John James Audubon. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.
Foshay, Ella M. John James Audubon. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997.
Herrick, Francis Hobart. Audubon the Naturalist: A History of His Life and Time. 2 vols. New York: Dover Publications, 1968.
Olson, Roberta J. M. Audubon’s Aviary: The Original Watercolors for “The Birds of America.” New York: Skira Rizzoli Publications and New-York Historical Society, 2012.
Sanders, Scott Russell, ed. Audubon Reader: The Best Writings of John James Audubon. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.
Streshinsky, Shirley. Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness. New York: Villard Books, 1993.
Illustration Credits
Fig. 1: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.211). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 2: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.211). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 3: Tyler Collection, John James Audubon Museum, in Henderson, Kentucky. Fig. 4: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.18.7). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 5: Oil on canvas mounted on panel, 20 x 30 inches. Godel & Co., New York; photographer: Allan Tarantino. Fig. 6: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.120). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 7: Collection of The New-York Historical Society. Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 8: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.1). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 9: Collection of The New-York Historical Society. Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 10: Collection of The New-York Historical Society. Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 11: Photo by Denis Finnin. Image # 1498, American Museum of Natural History. Fig. 12: From the Archives of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library, Harvard University. Fig. 13: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.406). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 14: John James Audubon Museum in Henderson, Kentucky. Fig. 15: John James Audubon Museum in Henderson, Kentucky. Fig. 16: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.62). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 17: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.324). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 18: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.68). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 19: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.26). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 20: Collection of The New-York Historical Society. Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 21: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.18.30). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 22: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.137). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 23: Collection of The New-York Historical Society. Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 24: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.102). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 25: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.21). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 26: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.32). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 27: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.76). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 28: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.061). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 29: Photo by Denis Finnin. Image # 1822, American Museum of Natural History, Library. Fig. 30: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.6). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 31: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.226). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 32: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.31). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 33: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.136). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 34: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.321). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 35: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.222). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 36: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.326). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 37: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.213). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 38: Oppenheimer Field Museum Edition (plate 12), courtesy of Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 39: Oppenheimer Field Museum Edition (plate 1), courtesy of Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 40: Oppenheimer Field Museum Edition (plate 52), courtesy of Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 41: Fort Union On The Missouri, Karl Bodmer, Aquatint/Engraving, ca. 1839–49, Montana Historical Society, X1970. 27. 09. Fig. 42: Oppenheimer Field Museum Edition (plate 57), courtesy of Oppenheimer Editions. Fig. 43: Image # 2A12973, American Museum of Natural History, Library. Fig. 44: Collection of The New-York Historical Society (1863.17.313). Digital images created by Oppenheimer Editions.
Index
All page numbers in the index refer to the print edition.
Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations.
Academy of Natural Sciences, 48, 72
America. See Audubon, John J.
American bison or buffalo, 83, 84
American Ornithology, 18. See also Wilson, Alexa
nder
Atlantic puffin, 73
Audubon, Anne, 1, 2
Audubon, John J.: and arrest for debts, 29; and arrival in America, 9–13; and Birds of America, The, 49–60; birth of, 1; as businessman, 13–16; and change of name, 10; death of, 86; education of, 5–6; and final journey to America, 74–75; and first journey to America, 7; and influence on ornithology, 88–89; and inspiration for “Great Idea,” 30; and Mississippi River travels, 29–36; portrait of, 53; and return to United States, 61; and time in Louisiana, 36–48. See also marriage
Audubon, John (Johnny) Woodhouse, 23, 62
Audubon, Lucy, 26; and arrival in New Orleans, 44; and Audubon’s return to United States, 62; and founding of Audubon Society, 89
Audubon, Rose, 1
Audubon, Victor Gifford, 23, 62; birth of, 17
Audubon Society, 89
Bachman, John, 75, 86
Bakewell, Billy, 12, 62, 86
Bakewell, Lucy. See Audubon, Lucy; marriage
Bakewell, Tom, 12; business partnership with, 23
Bakewell, William, 13
bald eagle, 20, 40, 59
bankruptcy, declaration of, 29
Berthoud, Nicholas, 29
birds. See individual species
Birds & Plants, 44
Birds of America, The, 30, 36, 49–60; final publication of, 74; and influence on ornithology, 88–89; and Octavo edition, 75; production of, 61–73; subscribers to, 57. See also Great Idea: inspiration for
black-billed cuckoo, 45, 46
black chalk drawings, 29
blue jay, 41
blue-winged teal, 91
Bonaparte, Charles Lucien, 46
Bonaparte’s gull, 28
camera lucida, 75
Carolina parakeet, 33, 34
Carolina parrot (Alexander Wilson), 35
Clark, William, 50
classification of species, 13
Clay, Henry, 32
cliff swallow, 31
Columbus, 60
common American wildcat, 78
Creek Indians, 70, 71
cuckoo, 36. See also black-billed cuckoo
Darwin, Charles, 52, 65
dissection techniques, 13
d’Orbigny, Dr. Charles, 13
Drake, Daniel, 30
drawing: of bird anatomy, 19; with black chalk, 29; during childhood, 2; teaching, 35
duc d’Orléans, 60
Dung Hill, 72
eastern meadowlark, 61, 63
eastern phoebe, 8, 9
engravings, 55
expeditions, 20, 71, 75–81
Fatland Ford, 12
Florida Keys, 66
Fort Union ND, 81
France, travels to, 60
general store, 16; loss of, 26–27; moves to Henderson KY, 20. See also Audubon, John J.: as businessman
great egret, 37
great horned owl, 51
Great Idea: inspiration for, 30; praise for, 60
Great Pine Forest PA, 62
Grinnell, George Bird, 89
Haiti, 1
Harrison, William Henry, 32
Havell, Robert, Jr., 58, 64, 74
Havell, Robert, Sr., 58, 64
Henderson KY: move of general store to, 20; and steam mill, 26; success in, 23
Houston, Sam, 71
hunting, 9; Audubon and , 32; of buffalo, 84; of passenger pigeons, 24–26
Indians: attack on, 22; contact with, 79, 80
ivory-billed woodpecker, 33
Jackson, Andrew, 64, 70
Jefferson, Thomas, 13
Kentucky, 13; Henderson, 20–26; move to, 16
kingfisher, 10–11. See also position boards
Last of the Mohicans, The, 52
Lehman, George, 65
Linnaeus, Carl, 18
Liverpool, England, 48, 49
Lizars, William, 52; engravings of, 57
London, 57
Louisiana, time in, 36–48. See also New Orleans LA; Oakley plantation
Louisville KY, 16
lunatic moments, 60
MacGillivray, William, 65
mammals, 75–81
marriage: to Lucy Bakewell approved, 16; to Lucy Bakewell denied, 13
marsh wren, 4
Mason, Joseph, 32, 36, 46
Mill Grove PA, 7, 10
Minniesland NY, 75, 77
Mississippi River, 20; Flyway, 33, 40; traveling on, 29–36
Nantes, France, 2
naturalists: artists as, 42; golden age of, 50
naval academy (Rochefort, France), 5–6
New Madrid earthquakes, 24
New Orleans LA, 33, 35; Audubon’s return to, 44; Lucy’s arrival in, 44
New York City, 76
northern bobwhite, 47
northern gannet, 69
northern hare, 76
northern mockingbird, 43, 44
Nuttall, Thomas, 72
Oakley plantation, 39
Octavo edition (The Birds of America), 75
Omega steamboat trip, 77–81
Ord, George, 48, 59, 72
Ornithological Biography, 64, 65, 72, 74
ornithology: American Ornithology, 18; contribution to, 9, 88–89
passenger pigeon, 24, 25, 26
Percy, Jane, 44, 46
Pirrie, Eliza, 36; Audubon as tutor to, 39–44
Pirrie, James, 36
Pirrie, Lucretia, 36, 39
portraits: of John J. Audubon, 53; selling, 29, 35, 46
position boards, 10
“Prairie, The,” 22
Queen Bee (Mrs. William Rathbone, Sr.), 50
Rabin, Jean-Jacques, 1. See also Audubon, John J.
Rabin, Jeanne (mother), 1
rambling: early love of, 2; in Kentucky, 17. See also expeditions
Rathbone, Mrs. William, Sr., 50
red-shouldered hawk, 47
Ripley (ship), 68
roseate spoonbill, 66
Rozier, Ferdinand, 13–16, 17, 21
ruby-throated hummingbird, xx
subscribers, 55, 57, 60, 72
swift fox, 79
taxidermy, 65
taxonomy, 13; Carl Linnaeus, founder of modern, 18
Texas, travels to, 70, 71
Townsend, John, 72
trumpeter swan, 21
Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, The, 75, 77–86, 85
warbler, 36
Ward, Henry, 65
Waterton, Charles, 72
white ibis, 66, 67, 68
whooping crane, 56, 57
wildcat. See common American wildcat
wild turkey, 14, 54
Wilson, Alexander, 18, 30; criticism of, 46
yellow-breasted chat, 38, 40
yellow fever, 62
About Nancy Plain
Nancy Plain is the author of numerous children’s books, including Light on the Prairie: Solomon D. Butcher, Photographer of Nebraska’s Pioneer Days (available in a Bison Books edition), winner of the Spur Award for Best Western Juvenile Nonfiction, the Nebraska Book Award for Youth Nonfiction, and the Will Rogers Medallion Award.