Stalin's Daughter
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10.Meryle Secrest interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva, audio recording, group 1, tape 14, HIA.
11.Biagi, Svetlana: The Inside Story, 122.
12.Though Svetlana never referred to this marriage, her cousin Leonid remembers that it took place in a church in 1962. Interview with Leonid Alliluyev, Moscow, May 17, 2013. Boris Gribanov remembered Svetlana introducing him to her new husband at the funeral of Ashkhen Lazarevna Mikoyan, on November 5, 1962. Gribanov, “And Memory as Snow Keeps Drifting,” 161. A divorce announcement eventually appeared in Vechernaya Moskva. “Svanidze, Ivan Aleksandrovich [Dobrolyubov Street 35, apartment 11] filed for divorce against Alliluyeva, Svetlana Josifovna [Serafimovich Street 2, Apartment 179]. The case will be considered by the Timiryazev District People’s Court.” See Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, 417.
13.His sentence was commuted in 1965 after international protests, and he was permitted to emigrate from the country.
14.Lily Golden, My Long Journey Home (Chicago: Third World Press, 2002), 149.
15.Yelena Khanga, with Susan Jacoby, Soul to Soul: The Story of a Black Russian American Family 1865–1992 (New York: Norton, 1992), 49.
16.Golden, Long Journey Home, 149.
17.Ibid., 149–50.
18.Khanga, Soul to Soul, 138.
19.Golden, Long Journey Home, 150.
20.Khanga, Soul to Soul, 138.
21.Golden, Long Journey Home, 151.
22.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 238.
23.Ibid., 101.
24.“Myths,” Live with Mikhail Zelensky (television), comments of Olga Rifkina.
25.Meryle Secrest interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva, audio recording, group 1, tape 12. HIA.
26.Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, 92–94.
27.Ibid., 235.
28.Ibid., 119–20.
CHAPTER 14: THE GENTLE BRAHMAN
1.Terry Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” McCall’s, July 1967, 143.
2.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 21.
3.Comment by Frances Sedgwik, a Canadian foreign exchange student at the International School who ended up in the Kuntsevo hospital in 1963 at the same time as Svetlana. Author’s interview with Frances Sedgwik, Toronto, Nov. 13, 2013.
4.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 27.
5.Ibid., 31.
6.Biagi, Svetlana: The Inside Story, 110.
7.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 143.
8.Alliluyev, Chronicle of One Family, 69.
9.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 180.
10.Ibid., 37.
11.Mikoyan, Memoirs of Military Test-Flying, 146.
12.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 41–42.
13.Vladimir V. Kara-Murza, writer and producer, They Chose Freedom: Dissident Movement from 1950s to 1991, documentary film, 2013, comments of Alexander Yesenin-Volpin.
14.Max Hayward, ed., On Trial: The Soviet State Versus “Abram Tertz” and “Nikolai Arzhak” (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), 41–42. Though his supporters thought he would be given amnesty, Sinyavsky served almost his full sentence and was released in 1971; he was allowed to immigrate to Paris in 1973.
15.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 39–40.
16.Author’s interview with Alexander Ushakov, Moscow, June 4, 2013.
17.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 177–78. Galina Belaya, in her article “I Am from the Sixties” (Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 70), confirms that staff members at the Gorky Institute were forced to sign an open letter denouncing Sinyavsky. She claims to have refused to sign the letter.
18.Martin Ebon, Svetlana: The Incredible Story of Stalin’s Daughter (New York: Signet, 1967), 138.
19.The United Arab Republic was a short-lived merger between Syria and Egypt that lasted from 1958 to 1961, though Egypt continued to be officially known as the “United Arab Republic” until 1971.
20.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 43.
21.Ibid., 48.
22.Meryle Secrest interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva, audio recording, group 2, tape 17, HIA.
23.Mikoyan, Memoirs of Military Test-Flying, 147.
24.Svetlana Alliluyeva letter to Suresh Singh, reprinted in Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 74.
25.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 54.
26.Biagi, Svetlana: The Inside Story, 114.
27.Ibid., 114.
CHAPTER 15: ON THE BANKS OF THE GANGES
1.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 143.
2.Ebon, Svetlana: The Incredible Story, 12; Hudson, Svetlana Alliluyeva: Flight to Freedom, 78; and Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 62.
3.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 72.
4.Ibid., 81.
5.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 143.
6.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 99.
7.Chester Bowles, Ambassador’s Report (New York: Harper & Bros., 1954), 74.
8.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 111.
9.Ibid., 119.
10.Ibid.
11.Ibid., 140.
12.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 146; and Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 189.
13.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 146.
14.Marilyn Silverstone, “The Suburbanization of Svetlana,” Look, Sept. 9, 1969, 56.
15.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 191.
CHAPTER 16: ITALIAN COMIC OPERA
1.Telegram from Secretary of State Rusk to L. Thompson, American ambassador to the Soviet Union, Secret, Flash, Mar. 6, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/RAC 12-91.
2.LBJL, Recordings and Transcripts, tape F67.08, side B, PNO 3.
3.Telegram from L. Thompson to Rusk, Mar. 7, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/RAC 03-113.
4.CIA DB, NARA, Congressional Record, March 15, 1967, S3867–68.
5.CIA DB, NARA, AMB file, Foreign Report, Jan. 5, 1967, CIA-RDP70B00338R00030009013-1.
6.Peter Earnest, International Spy Museum, Washington, DC, podcast, Peter Earnest in Conversation with Oleg Kalugin and Robert Rayle on Defection of Svetlana Alliluyeva, Dec. 4, 2006, www.spymuseum.org/exhibition-experiences/agent-storm/listen-to-the-audio/episode/the-litvinenko-murder-and-other-riddles-from-moscow.
7.Rayle, “Unpublished Autobiographical Essay,” PC, Rayle.
8.Earnest, International Spy Museum podcast.
9.W. Rostow to President, Friday, Mar. 10, 1967, 8:45 AM, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/ RAC 03-115 E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5.
10.Rayle, “Unpublished Autobiographical Essay,” PC, Rayle.
11.Herewith Verbatim Copy: Letter from Svetlana Alliluyeva to Children, Mar. 9, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/ RAC 03-113.
12.Rayle, “Unpublished Autobiographical Essay,” PC, Rayle.
13.Alliluyeva, Faraway Music, 144.
14.Secret: From New Delhi, Mar. 15, 17, 1967, NARA: E.O. 13292, Sec. 3.5. NLJ 03-145.
15.Alliluyeva, Faraway Music, 146.
16.Rayle, “Unpublished Autobiographical Essay,” PC, Rayle.
17.Alliluyeva, Faraway Music, 147.
18.Secret: From New Delhi, Mar. 15, 17, 1967, NARA: E.O. 13292, Sec. 3.5. NLJ 03-145.
19.“Stalin’s Daughter Said to Quit Soviet Union and May Have Approached US Aides,” New York Times, Mar. 10, 1967.
20.Rayle, “Unpublished Autobiographical Essay,” PC, Rayle.
21.Secret: From New Delhi, Mar. 15, 17, 1967, NARA, E.O. 13292, Sec. 3.5. NLJ 03-145.
22.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 207.
CHAPTER 17: DIPLOMATIC FURY
1.Morris, “Svetlana: A Love Story,” 146.
2.Text of Indian protest note, C. S. Jha to Chester Bowles, Mar. 9, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/RAC 03-113 E.O. 13292 Sec. 3.5.
3.Letter to Mr. C. S. Jha, Foreign Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, from Chester Bowles, March 10, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/RAC 03-113 E.O. 13292 Sec. 3.5.
4.From Moscow, Mar. 13, 1967, attached to text of Indian protest note, Mar. 9, 1967.
5.Gene Sosin, Spar
ks of Liberty: An Insider’s Memoir of Radio Liberty [Radio Free Europe] (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999), 118.
6.NARA RG 59 Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–1969, Pol 30 USSR box 2684, folder POL 30 USSR: 012608, Mar. 13, 1967.
7.Author’s interview with Leonid and Galina Alliluyev, Moscow, May 17, 2013.
8.Soviet statement on Alliluyeva’s defection, NARA RG 59 Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–1969, Pol 30 USSR box 2684, folder POL 30 USSR: 008007, May 9, 1967.
9.Author’s telephone conversation with Marvin Kalb, Apr. 9, 2012. There was indeed some eliding of the truth. The US Embassy in Bern determined the “line” to be taken: Mrs. Allilueva (sic) “asked the American authorities to get in touch with the Swiss authorities . . . Mrs. Allilueva wishes to rest for a few weeks in Switzerland. Towards the Swiss authorities she expressed her special wish not to issue any statements to the press and the public.” NARA RG 59 Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–1969, Pol 30 USSR box 2684, folder POL 30 USSR: 012407, Fr AMEMBASSY BERN to SECSTATE WASHDC, Mar. 13, 1967.
10.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 213.
11.Letter to author from Ramona Rayle, Oct. 12, 2014.
12.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 210.
13.Rosamond Richardson interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva (Lana Peters), Saffron Walden, 1991, tape 4, PC, Richardson.
14.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 216.
15.Gaddis, Hawk and the Dove, 599–60.
16.Letter from Ambassador Chester Bowles to Secretary Rusk, from New Delhi, Mar. 15, 1967, NARA, RAC NLJ 010-003-6-7.
17.Gaddis, Hawk and the Dove, 318.
18.John Gaddis, interview with George and Annelise Kennan, George F. Kennan Papers, MC 256, box 6, folder 1, PUL.
19.Letter from Chester Bowles to Walt Rostow, Eyes Only, Mar. 18, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, State Dept. Guidelines, EO 12958. Sec. 3.5.
20.Greenbaum had just represented Harper & Row in its dispute with Jacqueline Kennedy over the publication of William Manchester’s The Death of a President.
21.Author’s interview with Walter Pozen, son-in-law of George Kennan, New York, Feb. 12, 2013.
22.George F. Kennan Papers, MC 076, box 22, folder 5: Jameson, Donald, PUL.
23.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 214.
24.Ibid., 215.
25.Ibid., 218.
26.Ibid.
27.Author’s interview with Walter Pozen, New York, Feb. 12, 2013.
28.“Stalin’s Daughter in the US to ‘Seek Self-Expression’: 2 Americans Had Role in Decision,” New York Times, Apr. 22, 1967.
29.Ibid.
30.Ibid.
31.To New Delhi, Apr. 6, 1967, “Foll is summary of status and recent non-Indian developments in Svetlana case: Pls pass to Ambassador Bowles,” LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NLJ/RAC 03-113 E.O. 13292 Sec. 3.5.
32.Andrei Sedykh, “Milliony Svetlany” [Svetlana’s Millions], Novoye Russkoye Slovo, Apr. 15, 1973.
CHAPTER 18: ATTORNEYS AT WORK
1.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
2.“Stalin’s Daughter in the US to Seek ‘Self-Expression,’” New York Times, Apr. 22, 1967.
3.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
4.Letter from Greenbaum to Evan Thomas, May 26, 1967, outlining his account of events, PC, HarperCollins Collection.
5.“Publishing,” Time, May 26, 1967, 38.
6.Other translators on the list were Patricia Blake, Robert Tucker, and Max Hayward.
7.Author’s interview with Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Jan. 21, 2013.
8.Ibid.
9.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 226.
10.Ibid., 228.
11.Golden, My Long Journey Home, 154–55.
12.Author’s interview with Golden’s daughter Yelena Khanga, Moscow, Jan. 28, 2014.
13.Author’s interview with Leonid and Galina Alliluyev, Moscow, May 17, 2013.
14.Ana Petrovna and Mikhail Leshynsky, Poslednee interview [The Last Interview] (Moscow: Algoritm, 2013), 71–72, hereafter Petrova and Leshynsky, Last Interview.
15.Ibid., 73.
16.“Myths,” Live with Mikhail Zelensky, comments of Olga Fedorovna Redlova.
17.Svetlana Alliluyeva, “To Boris Leonidovich Pasternak,” trans. Max Hayward, Atlantic 219, no. 6 (June 1967): 133–40.
18.Ibid., 135.
19.Ibid., 140.
20.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
21.Alliluyeva, Faraway Music, appendix, p. 181.
22.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
23.Meryle Secrest interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva, audio recordings, group 1, tape 7, HIA.
24.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
25.Sedykh, “Svetlana’s Millions.”
26.Journal, Offices of the Legislative Council [of the USSR], Tuesday, May 23, 1967; Nikodia Tsonev, CIA DB, Svetlana Alliluyeva, Press Items.
27.Alexander Kolesnik, Mify i pravdy o sem’e Stalina [Myths and Truths About Stalin’s Family] (Moscow: Technivest, 1991), 46. “In May of 1943 [other sources said 1941], Germans in the area of Zimni station (Moscow-Riga railway line) threw leaflets in the location of our troops that stated that I. V. Stalin, during the critical period for our country in 1941, transferred, on the chance of defeat, 2 million rubles into a Swiss bank. The leaflets were gathered and burned. At the time, no one believed it.”
28.“$300 Million Gold for Svetlana,” Washington Observer Newsletter, June 15, 1967, CIA DB, NARA, AMB file CIA-RDP73B. The Newsletter was a right-wing gossip sheet, but important enough that the CIA kept a copy in its files.
29.Memorandum for the President, Mar. 30, 1967, LBJL, NSF, Intelligence, Svetlana Alliluyeva, NARA, NLJ/RAC 010.003005/18.
30.From USUN NEW YORK to RUEHC/SECSTATE, WASHDC, Apr. 24, 1969, NARA, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–1969, Pol 30 USSR box 2684.
31.Author’s interview with Alan Schwartz, Los Angeles, Dec. 5, 2013.
32.Letter to Eddie Greenbaum from George Kennan, Apr. 15, 1967, PC, HarperCollins Collection.
33.Sir Paul Gore-Booth, NAUK, Foreign Office, FCO 95/14, File No. IR 1/5/4, Confidential Defectors: Soviet Union: Svetlana Stalin, May 1, 1967.
34.The Soviets were certain the CIA had “prepared, arranged, and financed” the whole thing. The Soviets were convinced the Johnson administration’s decision to delay Svetlana’s entry into the United States was merely “part of the overall plot.” FBI files UPI-68 and 105-163639-A.
35.Greenbaum, Wolff & Ernst, transcript of press conference interview, Aug. 15 1967, PC, HarperCollins Collection.
CHAPTER 19: THE ARRIVAL
1.FBI file 105-163639/53673, Confidential: From John Edgar Hoover to Director of Intelligence, Dept. of State, Apr. 25, 1967. Hoover warned that “unauthorized disclosure would reveal Bureau investigative interest in diplomatic personnel which could be prejudicial to the defense interests of the Nation.”
2.Ebon, Svetlana: The Incredible Story, 153; and Biagi, Svetlana: The Inside Story, 150. Nicholas Thompson repeats this in Hawk and the Dove, 228.
3.Garry Wills and Ovid Demaris, “The Svetlana Papers,” Esquire, November 1967, 176.
4.“Stalin’s Daughter in the US to Seek ‘Self-Expression,’” New York Times, Apr. 22, 1967.
5.Ibid.
6.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 319. See also Zubok, Zhivago’s Children, 213–17, for an account of Khrushchev’s famous attack on Voznesensky at the House of the Unions in 1963, which caused Voznesensky to have a nervous breakdown.
7.Ron Popeski, “Ex-KGB Head Semichastny Dies at 77,” St. Petersburg Times, no. 636, Jan. 16, 2001. See also Ebon, Svetlana: The Incredible Story, 152.
8.Author’s interview with Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Jan. 21, 2013.
9.“Stalin’s Daughter in the US to Seek ‘Self-Expression.’”
10.Ibid.
11
.Wills and Demaris, “Svetlana Papers,” 176–77.
12.Memorandum for the Record, Apr. 1, 1967, Subject: Telephone Conversation with George Kennan,Mar. 31, 1967, Sanitized, NARA, NLJ 03-145, E.O. 13292, Sec. 3.5.
13.From AMEMBASSY TEHRAN TO RUEHC/SECSTATE AMEMBASSY MOSCOW, Subj: Svetlana, May 9, 1967, NARA, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–69, Pol 30 USSR box 2684, Confidential.
14.“Transcript of Mrs. Alliluyeva’s Statement and Her Replies at News Conference,” New York Times, Apr. 27, 1967.
15.Wills and Demaris, “Svetlana Papers,” 178.
16.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 317.
17.Ibid., 314.
18.Wills and Demaris, “Svetlana Papers,” 178.
19.“Mrs. Alliluyeva Goes Shopping on the Miracle Mile,” New York Times, Apr. 29, 1967.
20.Author’s interview with Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Jan. 21, 2013.
21.Ibid.
22.Ibid.
23.Letter to author from Priscilla McMillan, July 7, 2014.
24.Meryle Secrest interview with Svetlana Alliluyeva, audio recording, group 2, tape 4, HIA.
CHAPTER 20: A MYSTERIOUS FIGURE
1.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 318.
2.“Johnson, Kosygin Talk 5 Hours,” New York Times, June 24, 1967. Kosygin is identified as premier even though his title was chairman of the Council of Ministers.
3.Alliluyeva, Only One Year, 335.
4.Thompson, Hawk and the Dove, 228.
5.NAUK, Foreign Office, Defectors, Soviet Union, Svetlana Stalin, FCO 95/14 C507421, Monday, July 3, 1967: Metropolitan Pimen’s interview, Izvestia, July 1, 1967, in full.
6.NAUK, Foreign Office, Defectors, Soviet Union, Svetlana Stalin, FCO 95/14 C507421, June 28, 1967.
7.Author’s interview with Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Jan. 21, 2013.
8.John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (New York: Bantam, 1974), 239. The British author Laurence Kelly met Victor Louis, who had long worked for the Evening Standard, when Louis was dying of cancer. “He was a Colonel in the KGB and died with full KGB honors,” Kelly asserted. Author’s interview with Linda and Laurence Kelly, London, June 24, 2013.
9.Arkady Belinkov and Natalia Belinkova, “O Viktore Loui: Interview v amerikanskoi bol’nichnoi palate” [“About Viktor Lui: Interview from an American Hospital Room”], Raspria s vekom v dva golosa [Two Voices in Clash with the Century] (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2008), 422–28. Arkady Belinkov first met Victor Louis in Northern Kazakhstan in 1954 in the Ninth Spasski Ward of the Administration of Corrective and Labor Camp.