by Uglow, Jenny
23 LJ XII 181
24 Milward 179, 6 February 1668
25 Ibid. 216–22 for the lengthy debate on the King’s speech, 11 March 1668, also 248–50
26 Keay 133, citing BL Add. MS 36,916, f. 103r
27 Quoted in Nicholas von Maltzahn, ‘Andrew Marvell and Lord Wharton’, Seventeenth Century, XVIII no. 2 (Autumn 2003) 255–6
28 Paradise Lost XII
29 Sir Charles Wolsely, Liberty of Conscience, the Magistrate’s Interest (1668), quoted in Gary S. de Krey, ‘Radicals, reformers and republicans’, Houston and Pincus 84
30 Grey, Debates I 71, 14 February 1668
31 Bod. Carte MSS 46, f. 600, Arlington to Ormond, 18 February 1668
32 Pepys IX 71, 14 February 1668
33 Milward 190, 19 February 1668
34 Pepys IX 178, 29 April 1668
35 Grey, Debates I 95–6, 93–7; Milward 200, 27 February 1668
36 CJ IX 44
37 See Harris, London Crowds 82–91
38 Pepys IX 129, 24 March 1668
39 Ibid. 132, 25 March 1668
40 The Poore Whore’s Petition. To the most Splendid, Illustrious, Serene and Eminent Lady of Pleasure, the Countess of Castlemayne (1668); MSS reply, Bod. MS Don b.8, 190–3; The Gracious Answer of the Most Illustrious Lady of Pleasure, the Countess of Castlemayne…To the Poor-Whoores Petition (1668), reprinted in Steinman, 101–11
41 The Gracious Answer, Hamilton 120–1
42 State Trials VI 879–914; CSPD 1667–8, 310–11
43 Pepys IX 373, 23 November 1668
35 Loving Too Well
1 Pepys IX 192, 9 May 1668
2 King’s Works 215–16
3 Evelyn III 555
4 Reresby 259
5 Magalotti 27; Weiser 19
6 Magalotti 27
7 ‘A Satire on Charles II’, Rochester, Poems 11–15
8 Pepys VII 368, 30 July 1667
9 Ibid. 368, 355; 30 and 27 July 1667
10 Etherege, She Would If She Could I ii, ed. C. M. Taylor (1973) 25
11 Downes 55
12 Burnet 483
13 Pepys IX 81, 20 February 1668
14 Pepys IX 186, 5 May 1668
15 Hamilton, Castlemaine 121
16 Pepys IX 398, 21 December 1668
17 Quoted in Weiser 21
18 Norrington 151, CII to Minette, 7 May 1668
19 Pepys IX 210, 31 May 1668
20 Mary married the Earl of Derwentwater, and by a heartbreaking turn of fate, two of their three sons – Charles’s grandsons – were executed in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745.
21 Norrington 138, CII to Minette, 26 August 1667
22 See Hatton Correspondence I 52
23 Norrington 143, CII to Minette, 23 January 1668
24 Pepys IX 205, 19 May 1668
25 Norrington 151, CII to Minette, 7 May 1668
26 Ruvigny to Lionne, 28 June 1668, Hartmann 158
27 Norrington 154, CII to Minette, 14 June 1668
28 Fraser 261; Shapiro 219, 288
36 Sweet Ladies
1 Pepys IX 335–6, 338–9, 23, 25 October 1668
2 Anon. (attrib. Etherege), ‘The Lady of Pleasure: a Satyr’, see James Thorpe, ed., Poems of Sir George Etherege (1963)
3 S. M. Wynne, ODNB. Several different versions appear in the biographies, including J. H. Wilson (1952), Roy MacGregor-Hastie (1987), and Derek Parker (2000). The most recent is Charles Beauclerk, Nell Gwyn: A Biography (2005).
4 Pepys IX 91, 2 March 1667
5 Winn 183. Dryden had recently lent Charles £500, returning an instalment of his wife’s dowry.
6 Dryden, Secret Love I ii, Works IX 187
7 Ibid. V i, Works IX 182
8 Ibid., Works IX 199
9 The Mad Couple; Summers 116
10 Beauclerk 128
11 Dryden, An Evening’s Love, or The Mock Astrologer IV I, Works X 273
12 Ibid., Works X 280
13 PRO 31/3/121, Colbert de Croissy to Lionne, 31 January 1669; S. M. Wynne, ‘The Mistresses of Charles II and Restoration Court Politics’, Stuart Courts 180
14 Beauclerk 138–40
15 Pepys IX 415, 417; 15, 16 January 1669
16 Dryden, Tyrannick Love V I, Works X 178
17 Evelyn III 560, 28 August 1670
18 Magalotti 39
19 Grammont 101
20 Beauclerk 154; PRO 31/3
21 Burnet I 484
22 The first mention is the Supplement to James Granger’s Biographical Dictionary, 1774.
37 Troublesome Men
1 Thirsk and Cooper, I 520–24; PRO SP 29/247, no. 15. The members were Arlington, Robartes, Buckingham, Lauderdale, Clifford, Carteret and Ashley. In 1670 a new Council for Plantations was created, followed by Ashley’s Council for Trade and Plantations of 1672.
2 Burnet I 170
3 Ralph Montagu to Arlington, 19 October 1669, Montagu–Arlington letters, Buccleugh MSS 442
4 Pepys IX 386, 7 December 1668
5 Hartmann, Madame; Chapman, Great Villiers 153
6 Pepys IX 462, 467, 471–91; 1, 4, 6–20 March 1669; PRO/31/3/121 ff. 198–200, Colbert de Croissy to Lionne
7 Buckingham I 249–54
8 Pepys IX 469, 4 March 1669
9 Ibid. 346, 4 November 1668
10 Harris, Restoration 380
11 Le Fleming MSS 61; Carte, Ormonde III 69
12 Burnet I 489
13 Ibid. 432
14 September 1667. See Lauderdale Papers II 49–90
15 Lauderdale Papers II 168–71
16 Mary K. Geiter, William Penn (2000)
17 Lauderdale Papers II 163–4; Harris, Restoration 121
18 Margoliouth II 221, ascribed to Marvell but authorship unknown. MS dated 1680
19 Burnet I 448
38 Charles And Louis
1 Norrington 155, CII to Minette, 22 June 1668
2 Hutton, CII 262
3 Norrington 16, CII to Minette, 14 September 1668
4 Pepys IV 21, 25 January 1665
5 Norrington 169, CII to Minette, 20 January 1669
6 Miller, CII 162
7 Pepys IX 451–2, 17 February 1669
8 Sandwich’s journal, in Richard Ollard, Cromwell’s Earl: Edward Montagu, First Earl of Sandwich (1994) 250
9 Pepys IX 451–2, 17 February 1669
10 Norrington 172, CII to Minette, 12 March 1669
11 Pepys IX 427–8 and n. 473, 26 January, 7 March 1669
12 Norrington 171, CII to Minette, 7 March 1669
13 Pepys IX 474, 8 March 1669
14 Norrington 175 (code removed in current text), CII to Minette, 25 April 1669
15 Letters 236, CII to Minette, 24 May 1668
16 Letters 239, CII to Minette, 7 June 1668
17 Barbour 163; HMC Verney, 7th Report 487
18 Letters 242
19 Colbert de Croissy’s despatches, PRO 31/3/125
20 Hartmann 310, Colbert to Louis XIV, 24 April, 2 May 1670
21 Arlington, Letters 423–30
22 Norrington 209
23 This story, from Memoirs of Madame Montpensier IV 107–14, in Hartmann, Madame, repeated in Norrington. See also Paul Sonnino, Louis XIV and the Origins of the Dutch War (1988) 108
24 Sandwich MSS Journal c 274; Harris, Sandwich 207
39 Dover And Beyond
1 Schellinks, Journal 39
2 Hartmann, King My Brother 311
3 CSPV 1669–70, 187, 201
4 Barbour 168
5 Text of Treaty, John Lingard, History of England, 10 vols (1819) IX, Appendix 503–10
6 Mignet III, 256–67
7 For Lingard’s text of the Treaty, see Browning, Historical Documents 863–7
8 Le Fleming 70, newsletter 17 May 1670
9 Ibid. 71
10 CSPD 1670, 233–5
11 CA 97 ff. 250–5, Croissy to Louis, 30, 31 May 1670
12 CA 101 ff. 66–8, 8 October 1671, Colbert to Pomponne; Barbour 181
>
13 Burnet I 617
14 Norrington 170, CII to Minette, 7 March 1669
15 Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Ch. 3, 81
40 Sailing
1 Norrington 213, Minette to Thomas Clifford, 21 June 1679
2 Madame de Lafayette, Historie Secret de Madame Henriette d’Angleterre, ed. G. Sigaux (1988) 89
3 Hartmann, King My Brother 39
4 Ralph Montagu to Arlington, 30 June 1670, Bath Papers, HMC 4th Report 144. See also M. B. Curran, ed., The Despatches of William Perwich, English Agent in Paris, 1669–1677 (1903)
5 Rochester, Letters 57, July 1670
6 Fraser 257–8
7 See Miller, James II 58–9 and Sir John Dalrymple, Memoirs (1773 edn) I 32–3
8 Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden, Poems I 495–6
9 Andrew Marvell, Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government (1677)
10 Barillon’s testimony in H. D. Traill, Shaftesbury, the first Earl, ed. Andrew Lang (1888) 179
11 Ollard, Image 158
12 In 1684 he made no move when Robert Baillie, accused of conspiring, was taken from London to be questioned in Scotland, where no law existed against torture. Aidan O’Neill QC, Scottish Human Rights Commission Conference, Strathclyde University 2008
13 Fraser 412
14 Evelyn IV 403, 413–14, referring to 25 January 1685
15 Ibid. 455, 15 July 1685
16 Burnet II 461; Evelyn II 206; Lady Anne Mason, ‘Account of the death of Charles II, by a wife of a person about Court at Whitehall’, Household Words IX (1854)
17 Burnet II 473, S. M. Wynne, ODNB
List of Illustrations
Plates
Plate section 1
1 Sir Anthony van Dyck, Charles I and Henrietta Maria with their two Eldest Children, Prince Charles and Princess Mary, Princess Royal, 1632, The Royal Collection © 2001 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
2 Sir Peter Lely, Charles II, The Royal Society, London
3 Samuel Cooper, James II as Duke of York, 1661, Victoria and Albert Museum/Bridgeman
4 Bartholemew van Helst, Mary, Princess of Orange, 1652, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
5 Samuel Cooper, Henriette-Anne, Duchesse d’Orléans, Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Bridgeman
6 Sir Peter Lely Prince Rupert, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
7 Dirck Stoop, Cavalcade Through the City of London, 22 April 1661, The Museum of London/Bridgeman Art Library
8 The Arrival of the Prince de Ligne at Tower Wharf, September 1660, Collection of the Prince de Ligne, Belgium
9 Samuel Cooper, George Monck, Duke of Albemarle, c. 1658, The Royal Collection
10 Sir Peter Lely, Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Private Collection/Bridgeman
11 Unknown artist, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, pencil and chalk sketch, Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, California
12 After Sir Peter Lely, James Butler, Duke of Ormond, c. 1665, National Portrait Gallery
13 Sir Peter Lely, Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, c. 1662, The Royal Collection/Bridgeman
14 Sir Peter Lely, Catherine of Braganza, The Royal Collection/Bridgeman
15 Hendrick Danckerts Whitehall Palace from St James’s Park, Government Art Collection
16 Peter Tillemans, Whitehall Palace from St James’s Park, c. 1675 (detail), Collection of the Duke of Roxburghe
Plate section 2
17 John Michael Wright, Astraea redux, Nottingham Castle Museum/Bridgeman
18 Samuel Cooper, Charles II, Goodwood/Bridgeman, and Catherine of Braganza, The Royal Collection
19 Samuel Cooper, Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, National Portrait Gallery
20 Sir Peter Lely, John Maitland, Earl and later Duke of Lauderdale, with his wife Bess, Countess of Dysart, c. 1672, Ham House, The National Trust
21 Sir Peter Lely James, Duke of York and Anne Hyde c. 1660–69, National Portrait Gallery
22 Samuel Cooper, James Duke of Monmouth, The Royal Collection
23 Unknown Artist, The Great Fire of London with Ludgate and Old St Paul’s, c. 1670, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection/Bridgeman
24 Thomas Wyck, A transept of St Paul’s after the Fire c. 1673, Guildhall Library/Bridgeman
25 J. P. van Soest, The Dutch Raid on the Medway, 1667 (detail) National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
26 Sir Peter Lely, Frances Teresa Stuart, later Duchess of Richmond and Lennox, The Royal Collection
27 Sir Peter Lely, Nell Gwyn, c. 1670, Sudbury Hall/Bridgeman
28 Sir Peter Lely, Louise de Keroualle, later Duchess of Portsmouth, John Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
29 Dover in the 1660s, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
30 Sir Peter Lely, Princess Henriette-Anne, c. 1665, Goodwood/Bridgeman
Illustrations In The Text
Charles II, ‘Dieu et Mon Droit’, engraving by William Faithorne, c. 1660
The execution of Charles I, engraving by an unknown artist, dated 1649
Title page of Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
Habit de Cartier, by Nicolas de Larmessin, c. 1690
Francis Barlow, Princess Elizabeth, frontispiece to Sophocles’ Electra, translated by Christopher Wase, 1649
Colonel Wilmot escorting Charles and Jane Lane, popular print
General Monck, Duke of Albermarle, engraved by David Loggan
The Great Feast the Estates of Holland made to the King and to the Royal Family. Engraving by Pierre Philippe after Jacob Toorenvliet, illustrating Sir William Lower, A relation of the Voiage which Charles II hath made in Holland, from the 25 May to the 2 of June 1660 (1660)
Cromwell and Charles I, from Cavalier Playing Cards, designed by John Lenthall, 1660–2
Wenceslaus Hollar, The long view of London from Bankside, 1647
Isaac Fuller (attrib.), Charles II arriving at the Banqueting House in 1660
Isaac Fuller, Charles II and Colonel Careless Hiding in the Boscobel Oak, c. 1662, National Portrait Gallery
Touching for the King’s Evil, engraving by Robert White
B. C. Kleeneknecht, The royal yacht ‘Bezan’, 1661, Scheepvaart Museum, Amsterdam
Whitehall and St James, extract from Richard Newcourt’s map, engraved by William Faithorne 1658
The Prayer Book riots in Scotland, 1637, British Library
Sir Peter Lely, James Butler, Marquess and later Duke of Ormond, c. 1660, York City Art Gallery
Hollar’s drawing of Westminster from the river, 1644
John Evelyn, by Kneller, c. 1689, The Royal Society, London
Lucy Walter
Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, engraved by Robert White after the portrait by Lely
The execution of the regicides, contemporary print
Hollar, The Cavalcade, page openings for John Ogilby’s Entertainment of Charles II, in his Passage Through the City of London to his Coronation, 1662
Hollar, The Crowning and Enthronement of Charles II, from Ogilby’s Entertainment, 1662
Wenceslaus Hollar, Whitehall stairs, c. 1644
George Vertue, Plan of the Palace of Whitehall, 1747, engraving of the plan of Whitehall c. 1670
Plan of Whitehall, showing the royal apartments, Reginald Piggott.
Samuel Cooper, Charles II, sketch, 1662
Frontispiece to The Courtier’s Calling, 1675, British Library
Francis Barlow, frontispiece to John Playford, Musick’s Delight on the Cithern, 1666
The reception of the Prince de Ligne in the Banqueting Hall
Staffordshire slipware charger by George Taylor, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
Catherine of Braganza, engraving by William Faithorne, 1662, after Dirck Stoop
The progress from Hampton Court to Whitehall, 23 August 1662
Francis Barlow, frontispiece to John Ogilby, Britannia, 1675
The Ace of Diamonds showing the constellation ‘Draco’180 Frontispiece to Daniel Featley, The Dippers Dipt, 1660 edition, British
Library
Samuel Cooper, Archbishop Sheldon, 1667, Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore
Title page of Farewell Sermons, 1663
Sir Peter Lely, Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, and her son Charles Fitzroy, c. 1663, Private Collection
Sir Anthony Van Dyck, George Digby, later 2nd Earl of Bristol, Dulwich Art Gallery
Robert Boyle, engraved by George Vertue from a portrait by F. Kerseboom
Samuel Cooper, Thomas Hobbes
A. Verrio, G. Kneller and J. Thornhill, Sir Christopher Wren, Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford
Robert Hooke, ‘A Louse’, Micrographia, 1665
Wenceslaus Hollar, frontispiece to Thomas Sprat, The History of the Royal Society, 1667
Samuel Cooper, Frances Teresa Stuart
Thomas Johnson, The King’s and the Queen’s Baths at Bath, 1675, British Museum
The Sheldonian Theatre, David Loggan, Oxonia Illustrata, 1675
Jane Myddleton
Lady Denham, engraved after a Lely portrait, by E. Bocquet, 1808
Charles Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, later Earl of Dorset
Wenceslaus Hollar, West Central London, 1658
The Comical Revenge, or Love in a Tub, 1715 engraving, Montagu Summers, Restoration Theatre (1934)
Proverbs, from a traditional pack of cards, reprinted in 1780
Wenceslaus Hollar, The Royal Exchange
John Michael Wright, The Family of Sir Robert Vyner, 1673, National Portrait Gallery
Surat in the seventeenth century
Amsterdam from the Ij, from Caspar Commelin, Beschryving der Stad Amsterdam, 1665
Wenceslaus Hollar, a Dutch warship, 1630s
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, engraving after a painting by Lely
John Hayls, Samuel Pepys, 1666, National Portrait Gallery
Plague broadsheet
London’s Loud Cryes to the Lord, British Museum
The Battle of Lowestoft, Italian engraving, Rijksmusuem, Amsterdam
William van de Velde the elder, The Four Days Battle, c. 1666, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Holmes’s Bonfire, 8 August 1666, National Maritime Museum
John Leake’s survey, engraved by Wenceslaus Hollar, Map of the Destruction wrought by the Great Fire of London, 1667
Christopher Wren and John Evelyn, plans for rebuilding the City of London
Poster for a sermon by William Sancroft, 1666
Jacob Huysmans (attrib.), Portrait of a Man, possibly Charles Boyle, Viscount Dungarnan, Lord Clifford, Private collection
Wenceslaus Hollar, The Swan and the Stork, from Ogilby’s Aesopics, 1668