by Uglow, Jenny
19 Weiser 152; B. E. Sainsbury, Calendar of the Court Minutes etc. of the East India Company (1929) 310
20 Magalotti, Travels 326–7
21 Wilson 19 (Charles’s Council of Trade had already drawn on Mun’s ideas to recommend that he agree to the East India Company’s request to export bullion; Weiser 127)
22 See, for example, the reading of Samuel Tuke’s Five Hours (1663) in Richard W. Kroll, Restoration Drama and the ‘Circle of Commerce’, 58–63
23 Cal. Clar. SP 357, 358, 373, 377
24 See Sonia Anderson, An English Consul in Turkey: Paul Rycaut at Smyrna 1667–1678 (1989)
25 Kate Teltscher, India Inscribed: European and British Writing on India 1600–1800 (1995) 51
22 One Must Down
1 Thomas Killigrew m. Charlotte van Hesse-Piershil, daughter of an Orange courtier, in 1655. In 1659 the Earl of Ossory m. Aemilia, daughter of Lodewyck van Nassau, heer van Beverweerd, whose father was an illegitimate son of Maurice of Orange. Arlingtonm. her sister Isabella, 1666. Alexander Bruce, Earl of Kincardine, m. Veronica van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, daughter of a powerful politician, in 1659.
2 See Pincus 200–4
3 Bernstein 144
4 Petty, Political Arithmetic, in C. A. Hull, ed., Economic Writings of Sir William Petty I 258; Ogg I 222
5 K. G. Davies, The Royal African Company (1975) 42, 64. See Weiser 159
6 Tomalin 180; Pepys III 95, 30 May 1662
7 Picard 179; see F. O. Shyllon, Black Slaves in Britain (1974) and G. A. Clay, Economic Expansion and Social Change 1500–74 (1982)
8 Pepys VI 43, 129. For Holmes see Richard Ollard, Man of War: Sir Robert Holmes and the Restoration Navy (1969)
9 Jardine, Going Dutch 284; ‘Captain Robert Holmes his Journalls of Two Voyages into Guynea’, Pepys Library Sea MS No. 2,698
10 Pepys III 125, 28 June 1662
11 Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (1987; 1991 edn) 229
12 Hutton, CII 215
13 Pepys V 35, 2 February 1664
14 For contrasting arguments about the prime causes of the Second Dutch War see: Sir Keith Feiling, British Foreign Policy 1660–1672 (1930) 3–4, trade, and continuity of foreign policy from Commonwealth; Wilson 20, economic competition; J. R. Jones, Britain and the World 1649–1815 (1980), anti-Clarendon factions at court; Hutton, Restoration 215–16, economic aggression among courtiers; and Pincus, ideological differences and support of Orange faction, 195–8. See also Pincus 237–9
15 Pepys V 107, 1 April 1664
16 Weiser, 134
17 Pincus, 237; Newes 5 May 1664
18 Wilson 126
19 Jusserand 87, Cominges to Louis XIV, 16 November 1663
20 Norrington 80, CII to Minette, 2 June 1664
21 Ibid. 84, CII to Minette, 27 June 1664
22 Ibid. 95, CII to Minette, 24 October 1664
23 Jusserand 92, Cominges to Louis XIV, 18 August 1664
24 For radical conspiracies see Greaves, Deliver Us from Evil, also his Enemies under His Feet: Radicals and Nonconformists in Britain, 1664–1677 (1990). For spies and informers generally, see Marshall, Intelligence.
25 Bod. Clar. MSS 108, ff. 79–80
26 CSP Col: W. Indies and America (1664), 215
27 For the ships, see Fox passim
28 Clar. Life II 303
29 Hutton, CII 220; Keeble, Restoration 100–1; Margoliouth I 143–6; Lister II 386–8
30 Clar. Life II 310
31 Sandwich, Journal, 26 January 1665
32 Evelyn III 387, 2 February 1665
33 Norrington 110, CII to Minette, 9 February 1663
34 Ibid. 107, CII to Minette, 5 January 1665
35 Pepys VI 42, 23 February 1665
36 Autograph draft, 22 February 1665, endorsed by Clarendon. PM, R of E Box 08, CII, Part 1, 019
23 The Itch Of Honour
1 Norrington 115, CII to Minette, 8 April 1665
2 Jusserand 140, The ambassadors to Louis XIV, 20 April 1665
3 Evelyn III 412, 22 June 1665
4 Rochester, Letters 247
5 Marshall, Intelligence 136–7, 151–2. Her instructions are printed in W. J. Cameron, New Light on Aphra Behn (1961) 34–5
6 Janet Todd, The Secret Life of Aphra Behn (1996); The Works of Aphra Behn, ed. Janet Todd, 7 vols (1992–6). See also Sara Helen Mendelson, The Mental World of Stuart Women: Three Studies (1988)
7 Evelyn III 407, 21 April 1665
8 Ibid. 44–5, 5 April 1665, note added c. 1683
24 Lord Have Mercy Upon Us
1 Clar. Life II 352
2 Ibid. 253
3 Evelyn III 416, 7 August 1665
4 Richard S. Westfall, Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (1980) 143
5 Pepys VI 130–1, 17 June 1665
6 Vincent 32
7 Evelyn III 418, 7 September 1665
25 Fortunes Of War
1 Harris, Sandwich I 293, in POAS 25 n.
2 Clar. Life II 386
3 Fox 29–30
4 Harris, Sandwich I 304–5
5 Norrington 120, CII to Minette, 8 June 1665
6 Clar. Life II 394
7 Pepys VI 123–4, 9 June 1665
8 The Second Advice to a Painter, 1666, attrib. to Marvell, POAS 44 (Smith 336)
9 Norrington 124, CII to Minette, 13 July 1665
10 Jusserand 143, The ambassadors to Louis XIV, 24 May 1665
11 Dispatches, 9 July 1665, in Hartmann 82; also Painted Ladies 97
12 Jusserand 142, Courtin to Lionne, 24 May 1665
13 Clar. Life II 417; see also Harris, Sandwich and C. H. Hartmann, Clifford of the Cabal (1937) 75–80
14 Rodger, Command of the Ocean, 70. See also Arthur Tedder, The Restoration Navy from the death of Cromwell to the Treaty of Breda (1916, 1970 edn)
15 Rochester, Letters 46–9
16 Burnet, Some Passages 180–1
17 Sandwich, Journal 281
18 Pepys VI 300, 16 November 1665
19 Milward 266–70, 20–21 April 1667
20 Pincus 335
21 Pepys VI 305, 22 November 1665
22 Norrington 130, CII to Minette, 29 January 1666
23 Sir John Holland to Sir William Gawdy, 30 January 1666; HMC 10th Report, 200
26 The Long Hot Summer
1 Pepys VII 365, 10 November 1666
2 Roth 175
3 Hutton, CII 232
4 Evelyn III 429, 29 January 1666
5 Josselin 525, 4 March 1666
6 Pincus 334
7 Sir John Mennes to the Navy Board, 18 August 1666; Rogers 50
8 Gazette 26 April 1666
9 Norrington, CII to Minette, 2 May 1666
10 Lieut. Jeremy Roch, of the Antelope, quoted in Rodger 72
11 Pepys VI 141, 2 June 1666
12 See A True Narrative of the Engagement between His Majesties Fleet, and that of Holland (1666) 5; also the contemporary accounts in J. R. Powell and E. K. Timmings, The Rupert and Monck Letter Book 1666 (1969)
13 Powell and Timmings, Rupert and Monck, 254; Rodger 74
14 Evelyn III 441, 16/17 June 1666
15 Josselin 528, 3 June 1666
16 R. Parsons, A Sermon preached at the funeral of…John Earl of Rochester (1680), 20; Burnet, Some Passages 177–8; Frank Ellis, ODNB
17 Burnet I 421
18 Pepys VII 159, 10 June 1666
19 Pepys VII 199–200, 10 July 1666
20 Cal. Clar. SP V 546
21 Savile Corr., Henry Savile to Sir George Savile, 2 August 1666
22 CSPV 1666, 49
23 See Marshall, Intelligence 133
24 Clar. Life III 80
25 Wood, Life and Times II 82
27 Conflagration
1 James Malcolm, London Redivivum IV (1807) 73; Tinniswood, Wren 147
2 Bell 29; for the Fire see also Adrian Tinniswood, By Permission of Heaven: The Story of the Great Fire of London (2003)
3 Pepys VII 269, 2 September 1666
4 Bell 160
5 Gideon Harvey, The City Remembrancer, quoted in Neil Hanson, The Dreadful Judgement (2001) 118
6 Pepys VII 271, 2 September 1666. See Gazette 3–10 September 1666. For poems, see R. A. Aubin, London in Flames, London in Glory (1943)
7 See CSPD 1966–7, 94–5
8 Le Fleming MSS 42; Bell 313–14 and Appendix I
9 Vincent 45
10 Evelyn III 453, 3 September 1666
11 Vincent 50
12 John Rushworth, ‘A Letter Giving Account of that Stupendious Fire which consumed the City of London, 1666’, Notes & Queries V (15 April 1876)
13 Evelyn III 457, 6 September 1666
14 Hanson 208
15 Lisa Jardine, Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution (2000) 302
16 Baxter, Reliquiae Baxterianae III 16
17 Autobiography of William Taswell, DD, Camden Miscellany II (1853) 10–11, 14
18 BL Add. MS 11,043 ff. 117–18; Windham Sandys to Viscount Scudamore, Bell Appendix
28 Blame
1 CSPD 1666–7, 99–100, 104
2 Vincent 58; see also Evelyn III 458, 7 September, and W. Sandys to Viscount Scudamore, Bell 317
3 Leo Hollis, The Phoenix: St Paul’s Cathedral and the Men Who Made Modern London (2008) 118; Autobiography of William Taswell, DD, Camden Miscellany II (1853), 18
4 Clar. Life III 85
5 Ibid. 87
6 Hutton, Restoration 249
7 Clar. Life III 88–92, 92–6. See Hastings MSS II 370–2, HMC Eliot Hodgkin (15th Report) 306; CSPD 1666–7, 99, 127–8; Burnet I 403
8 Bell 318
9 Clar. Life III 92
10 Locke, in Robert Boyle, The General History of the Air (1692) 106; see also Wood, Life and Times II 85
11 CSPD 1666–7, 140
12 Newsletter, Bod. Carte MS 72, f. 105v; Pincus 382
13 For the rebuilding see Jardine, Wren and Hooke; Cynthia Wall, The Literary and Cultural Spaces of London (1998); Hollis, The Phoenix
14 Fraser 247
15 Burnet I 421
16 Margoliouth II 42–3
17 Ibid. 53
18 CSPD 1666, 188, 107, 100
19 Evelyn III 464, 10 October 1666
20 Pepys VII 324, 15 October 1666; Evelyn 465, 18 October 1666. See Ribeiro 230–8
21 Ribeiro 230
22 Evelyn III 476, 18 February 1667
23 Pepys VII 379, 22 November 1666
29 The Trick Track Men
1 Last Instructions, Margoliouth I 150 (Smith 371); see Pepys VII 356, 5 November 1666
2 Buckingham Commonplace Book, Hester Chapman, Great Villiers (1949) 129; C. Phipps, ed., Buckingham, Public and Private Man: the prose, poems and commonplace book of George Villiers, second duke of Buckingham, 1628–1687 (1985)
3 Clar. Life III 133
4 Carte III 326
5 Burnet II 250; for context see Harris, Politics
6 Pepys VII 343, 27 October 1666; LJ XII 18–22
7 Carte III 336
8 Pepys VII 399, 8 December 1666
9 Ollard, Clarendon 273
10 Clar. Life III 153–4
11 Pepys VII 426, 31 December 1666
12 Letters 198; LJ XII 81
13 CSPD 1666–7, 490, 541
30 Breathing Spaces
1 Evelyn III 474, 24 January 1667
2 Ibid. 476, 18 February 1667
3 Gazette 17 September 1666; Hollis 136
4 Clar. Life III 101
5 Jardine, Hooke 151–9, Wren 259–315. For the rebuilding see also Michael Cooper, A More Beautiful City: Robert Hooke and the Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (2003) and Wall, Literary and Cultural Spaces of London
6 Pepys VIII 81, 24 February 1667
7 Ibid. 148, 29 March 1667
8 Ibid. 595, 29 December 1667
9 Ibid. 562–3, 3 December 1667
10 Picard 30
11 Gazette 24 October 1667
12 Pepys IX 317, 25–26 September 1668 and n. 2. For the New Exchange see also Peck 59–60
13 Evelyn III 473, 8 January 1667
14 Ibid. 478, 27 March 1667
15 Pepys VIII 163, 11 April 1667
16 Margaret Cavendish, The World’s Olio (1655); Whitaker 294
17 Whitaker 304. For Margaret Cavendish see also Worsley, Cavalier
18 Cavendish, Life 312
19 Grammont (1888 edn) 153–5
20 Kate Lilley, ed., Margaret Cavendish, The Blazing World and Other Writings, (1994) 124
21 Pepys VIII 362–3, 1 May 1667
22 Ibid. 183–4, 26 April 1667
23 Anthony Hamilton alleged that Castlemaine waited until they were together and, at a signal from Bab May, informed the king that Frances was not ill but with her lover. Grammont 315–16
24 Burnet I 462; Pepys VIII, 18 March 1667. See CSPD 1666–7, 91
25 Grammont 315–16; Le Fleming 46, Newsletter 12 April
26 Pepys VIII 167–8, 173, 15 and 21 April 1667
27 Ibid. 185, 26 April 1667
28 J. Milton French, The Life Records of John Milton (1949–58), IV 392; A. N. Wilson, The Life of John Milton (1982) 222
31 The Dutch In The Medway
1 Aphra Behn to Halsall, 14 Sept 1666, PRO 29/171.120
2 Figures from Hutton, Restoration 259
3 This is the argument of Pincus, 379–93
4 LJ XII 81; Speech at Prorogation of Parliament, 8 February 1667
5 Samuel Tucker to Arlington, 1 February 1667, State Papers 84, 184; Rogers 62
6 Pepys VIII 257, 10 June 1667
7 Rogers 64
8 Clar. Life III 249
9 Smith 385; see Journal of the House of Lords 165, 16 June 1666
10 Pepys VIII 268, 14 June 1667
11 CSPD 1666–7, 186: CSPD 1667, xxxv–viii
12 Clar. Life III 265
13 Le Fleming, newsletters 46–7
14 See Pincus 410–11
15 Pepys VIII 354–5, 27 July 1667
16 Ibid. 362–3, 29 July 1667
17 Annus Mirabilis 1057–64, Dryden, Poems I 192
18 See Martin Delzainis, ‘Andrew Marvell and the Restoration Literary Underground: Printing the Painter Poems’, Seventeenth Century XXII no. 2 (Autumn 2007) 395–410; also CSPD 1667–8, 363, and 1670, 486
19 Savile Corr., 18 June 1666
20 Barbour 109; Rodger 164
21 Pepys VIII 489–92, 20 October 1667; CJ IX 85–6, 21 April 1668
22 CJ IX 10; Milward 92–3, 22 October 1667
23 Milward 128, 14 November 1667; see also 107, 31 October 1667
24 Marvell, Last Instructions, POAS 92 (Smith 389)
32 The Blows Fall On Clarendon
1 Sometimes attributed to Marvell, the poem continues ‘The grand affronter of the nobles lies,/ Grov’ling in dust, as a just sacrifice/ T’ appease the injur’d King and abus’d nation./ Who could expect this sudden alteration?’ POAS 158
2 Marvell, Last Instructions, POAS 137 (Smith 392)
3 Pepys VIII 427, 8 September 1667
4 Carte II 351
5 Col. Cope to Edward Weston, 28 May 1737, Weston Papers, HMC 10th Report 267
6 Burnet I 463; Hartmann, La Belle Stuart 124–8
7 Bod. Carte MS 35 f. 461. Quoted in Ollard, Clarendon 279
8 Carte II 349
9 Pepys VIII 342, 17 July 1667. See BL Add. MS 27,872: 13, ‘The Examination of Buckingham by Arlington’
10 Clar. Life III 272–3
11 Pepys VIII 331, 12 July 1667
12 Clar. Life III 282
13 Ibid. 283
14 ‘The King’s Vows’, POAS 160, often attrib. to Marvell, but possibly by Buckingham or Buckhurst
15 Clar. Life III 291
16 Pepys VIII 404, 27 August 1667
17 Savile Corr. 21, Henry to George Savile, 5 September 1667
18 Clar. Life III 324–6
19 Evelyn III 502, 9 December 1
667
33 The Triple Alliance
1 Marvell, Last Instructions, POAS 138 (Smith 394)
2 Evelyn III 490, 17 August 1667. See also Keay 147
3 Many of the letters from Ruvigny and his successor Colbert are transcribed in Mignet, and can also be found in the ‘transcripts from French archives’ PRO 31/3/106–125 (1660–70). The responses of the foreign minister Lionne and Louis himself are in CA.
4 Ruvigny to Louis XIV, 6 December 1667; Barbour 125
5 T. P. Courtenay, Memoirs of Sir William Temple (1836) II 381–2. See also K. H. D. Haley, An English Diplomat in the Low Countries: Sir William Temple and John de Witt, 1665–1672 (1986) 162–82
6 Instructions to Sir William Temple, 25 November 1667; Pincus 434
7 Hutton, Restoration 255
8 Norrington 143, CII to Minette, 23 January 1668
9 Reresby 75
10 Reported by William Temple in a letter to his father, 22 July 1668, Temple, Works (1750) I 434–8
34 Buckingham’s Year
1 Norrington 146–7, CII to Minette, 5 March 1668
2 Pepys VIII 512, 31 October 1667
3 His Commons allies included Osborne, Sir Thomas Gower, Sir Henry Belasyse, Sir William Lowther, Sir Richard Temple, Sir Robert Howard, Charles Sedley, Edward Seymour and William Garaway. Buckingham I xxxiv; Alan Marshall, The Age of Faction (1999) 41–5
4 Halifax, in Ollard, Image 158
5 Ailesbury I 146
6 Hutton, CII 506, citing Maurice Lee, The Cabal (1965)
7 Burnet I 183–4
8 Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden, Poems I 495–6
9 Buckingham I xl
10 Pepys IX 27, 17 January 1668
11 Norrington 139, CII to Minette, 17 October 1667
12 See Pepys IX 27, 17 January 1668 and Le Fleming 55
13 CSPD 1667–8, 192, 193, 400; Gazette 27 February
14 Commonplace Book; Chapman, Villiers 148, 149
15 Pepys IX 201, 15 May 1668
16 Burnet I 453
17 February 1668; see Miller, CII 138. Charles also dismissed the bishops of Winchester and Rochester from court and appointed Herbert Croft of Hereford, the sole anti-Clarendon bishop, as the new dean of the Chapel Royal.
18 Buckingham II, Appendix I, 3
19 CSPD 1667, 437, 451, 454–5, 457, 484
20 Magalotti 25
21 See Shapiro 170–5
22 See D. R. Lacey, Dissent and Parliamentary Politics in England 1661–1689 (1969) 56–8. Sir Matthew Hale drafted the comprehension bill; Dr John Owen, leader of the Independents, drew up proposals for toleration of sects outside the Church.