by Uglow, Jenny
Northumberland, Duke of
Northumberland, George Fitzroy, Duke of (son of CII and Castlemaine)
Norway
Norwich
Norwich, Lord
Oates, Titus
Ogilby, John; Aesopica; Britannia
Ogle, Sir Thomas
Oldenburg, Henry
Oldham, John
O’Neill, Daniel
orange sellers
Orléans, Philippe, duc de (‘Monsieur’)
Ormond, James Butler, Earl, Marquess and 1st Duke of: portraits, plate 12;; made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; at CII’s coronation; as Lord Steward; attitude to younger court members; debts; and gambling; tries to smooth way for Irish Catholics; and CII’s religion; finances; in Ireland during Second Anglo-Dutch War; Buckingham’s hostility to; and Clarendon’s fall writes to about his worries; Arlington writes to about chaotic state of parliament; to London to protect self against Buckingham; fall of; recall to Ireland
Orrery, Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill, 1st Earl of:; as dramatist; Henry V; The General; Mustapha
Osborne, Thomas, Viscount Latimer, 1st Earl of Danby (later Duke of Leeds) see Danby, Thomas Osborne, Viscount Latimer, 1st Earl of
Ossory, Aemilia van Nassau, Countess of
Ossory, Thomas Butler, Earl of:
Ottoman Empire
Owen, Dr John
Oxenden, Sir George
Oxford; Sheldonian Theatre
Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, Earl of
Oxford Gazette
Palmer, Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine see Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Countess of (later Duchess of Cleveland)
Palmer, Roger, Earl of Castlemaine see Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of
pamphlets
Papillon, Thomas
parks
parliament: Rump Parliament; CII writes to from exile; Convention Parliament; proclaims CII king; CII reconstitutes House of Lords; CII accepts Triennial Act; CII’s relationship with; Commons oppose CII’s religious measures; and land disputes; attitude to regicides and associates; first sitting of CII’s Cavalier Parliament; religious legislation; fear of standing army; refuses to ratify Declaration to Tender Consciences; courtiers attempt to take over; criticises court and CII’s adulteries; CII pledges economies; support for CII against Dutch; financial grant for Second Anglo-Dutch War; and plague; grants for Second Anglo-Dutch War; Buckingham organises opposition; Irish Cattle Bill; Poll Tax Bill; Mordaunt’s impeachment; delays in paying money to CII; acts for rebuilding of London; CII summons to discuss Medway attack; committee of inquiry into miscarriages of Second Anglo-Dutch War; plans to impeach Clarendon; CII’s power struggle with; defeats CII’s religious reforms; opposes union with Scotland; grants CII foreign policy funds; attempt to impeach Buckingham, Lauderdale and Arlington; and Exclusion Crisis
Paston, Sir Robert
Pedro II, King of Portugal
Pegge, Catharine
pell-mell
Pembroke, Earl of
Pendalva, Countess of
Penn, Sir William:; and Second Anglo-Dutch War
Penn, William, junior (Quaker); No Cross, No Crowne (Penn)
Pepys, Elizabeth
Pepys, Samuel
GENERAL: portrait;; and Second Anglo-Dutch War; and Fire of London
ANECDOTES: on Arlington and Berkeley; Berkeley’s death; Buckhurst; Buckingham; CII and Catherine; CII’s sex life; Castlemaine; coronation; Coventry; criticisms of court; Duchess of Newcastle; duelling; Elizabeth of Bohemia; fashions; Four Days Battle; Frances Stuart; Killigrew–Rochester row; Medway attack; Moll Davis; music; Nell Gwyn; parliamentary factions; Royal Society; theatre and plays; Duke of York
Pett, Peter
Petty, Sir William:
Philip IV, King of Spain
Philips, Katharine
Philosophical College
philosophy see natural philosophy
Pickering, Sir Gilbert
Pierce, Mr (CII’s surgeon)
pirates
plague see Great Plague
Playford, John
playhouses and plays see theatre
Plymouth
Plymouth, Charles Fitzcharles (‘Don Carlos’), Earl of (son of CII and Catherine Pegge)
Poll Tax Bill
Popish plot (1678)
population
Portsmouth, Duchess of see Kéroualle, Louise-Renee de, Duchess of Portsmouth
Portugal: marriage of CII and Catherine of Braganza; Portuguese Jews help with Catherine’s dowry; problems over Bombay; Spanish–Portuguese war; and Fire of London; Catherine of Braganza’s regentship
postal service
Pratt, Roger
Pregnani, Abbé
presbyterians: beliefs; in Scotland;; CII’s compromise policies opposed by Commons; ministers expelled by Act of Uniformity; and northern uprising; Pentland Rising; toleration; Scottish Act of Supremacy; Scottish act against conventicles; see also religion
Pride, Thomas
printing and the press; see also booksellers and publishers
Progers, Edward
propaganda
Pulo Run
Purcell, Henry
Quaker Act (1662)
Quakers:; see also nonconformists
Racine, Jean
Ranelagh, Katherine Boyle, Viscountess
Rawlins, Colonel Giles
Ray, John
rebellions and uprisings: Venner’s uprising; Tong plot; northern uprising; Dublin Castle plot ; Pentland Rising; Popish plot; Rye House Plot
Rebuilding Acts (1667)
Reeve, Thomas, xi
religion: nonconformism in North American colonies; CII’s policies opposed by Commons; Venner’s uprising; urban nonconformism; CII’s practices and beliefs; mood turns against nonconformists; new prayer book; Act of Uniformity; Licensing Act; discontent; Tong plot; effects of religious settlement; Declaration to Tender Consciences; unrest; Conventicle Act; Five Mile Act; Latitudinarians and natural philosophers; satire in drama; CII’s religious reforms defeated; lapse of Conventicle Act; Bawdy House Riots; Pentland Rising; attempts at toleration; Penn defends liberty of conscience; Scottish Act of Supremacy; Scottish act against conventicles; Catholicism and Treaty of Dover; York’s inclination to Catholicism; new Conventicle Act; second Declaration of Indulgence; Test Acts; CII’s deathbed conversion; see also Baptists; Catholicism; nonconformists; presbyterians; Quakers
Reresby, Sir John
Richmond, Charles Stuart, Charles, 6th Duke of Lennox, 3rd Duke of
Richmond, Charles, 1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox (son of CII and Kéroualle)
Richmond, Frances Stuart, Duchess of see Stuart, Frances, Duchess of Richmond
Richmond, Mary Villiers, Duchess of
Riley, John: portraits by
Rivers, Lord
Robartes, Lord, 2nd Baron Robartes of Truro
Roberts, Jane
Rochester, Elizabeth Mallet, Countess of
Rochester, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of
Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of: portrait;; abduction of Elizabeth Mallet; in Second Anglo-Dutch War; and Nell Gwyn; and Minette; verse by; death
Rodrigues, Gomez
Rolle, Samuel
Roos, John Manners, Lord, 1st Duke of Rutland
Rothes, John Leslie, 7th Earl and 1st Duke of
Royal Africa Company
Royal Charles (ship; formerly Naseby):, Dutch capture
royal court: atmosphere and style; clothes; criticisms; debts; duels and brawls; economies; entertainments; female members; French exiles at; and Great Plague; last days under CII; meals; members; Wits
royal household
Royal Navy:; preparations for Second Anglo-Dutch War; Battle of Lowestoft; Sandwich replaces York as admiral; attack on Bergen; captures Dutch convoy; Monck and Rupert replace Sandwich; Four Days Battle; St James’s Day Battle; attack on Vlie; unrest caused by lack of pay; reductions; in West Indies; Medway attack, plate 25; parliamentary grant
; Royal Society:; foundation and members; and Fire of London; interest in language; Sprat’s history
Rugg, Thomas
Rumney, Bridget
Rump Parliament
Rupert, Prince: portrait, plate 6;; interest in science; and Hudson’s Bay Company; governor of Royal Africa Company; and Second Anglo-Dutch War, Four Days Battle; St James’s Day Battle; Medway attack; constable of Windsor
Russell, Lord William
Russia
Rutland, Duke of see Roos, John Manners, Lord, 1st Duke of Rutland
Ruvigny, Henri de Massue, marquis de
Ruyter, Admiral Michael de: in Africa; Newfoundland; Four Days Battle; and Medway attack
Rycaut, Paul
Rye House Plot (1683)
Sackville, Charles see Buckhurst, Charles Sackville, Lord
St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, Duke of (son of CII and Nell Gwyn)
St Albans, Henry Jermyn, Earl of:, relationship with Henrietta Maria; and Treaty of Dover
Saint Evremond, Charles, Seigneur de
St Helena
St James’s Day Battle (1666)
Samwell, William
Sancroft, William (later Archbishop of Canterbury)
Sandwich, Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of:;; in Second Anglo-Dutch War;;; sin Spain as ambassador
Sasportas, Rabbi Jacob
Savile, George see Halifax, George Savile, 1st Marquess of
Savile, Henry
Savoy, Anne Marie, Duchess of
Savoy Conference (1661)
Schellinks, William; paintings by
science; scientific instrument trade
Scotland:
Scott, William
scrofula
Scudéry, Mlle de
Sealed Knot
Second Advice to a Painter
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–67): map; build-up; financing; declaration; English preparations; atrocities in; fleet gathers at Harwich; Battle of Lowestoft; attack on Bergen; capture of convoy; blockade of Thames; French entry; Four Days Battle; French and Dutch activities in West Indies; St James’s Day Battle; attack on Vlie; negotiations; Medway attack, plate 25; Treaty of Breda; literary representations; scapegoats
Sedley, Catherine
Sedley, Sir Charles:; The Mulberry Garden
Sevigné, Madame de
Seymour, Sir Edward
Seymour, Francis, 1st Baron Seymour of Trowbridge
Shadwell, Thomas
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord Ashley, 1st Earl of: portrait;; and colonies; and religion; and Second Anglo-Dutch War; alliance with Buckingham, and Treaty of London bluff; Earl of Shaftesbury and Lord Chancellor; Exclusion Crisis
Shakespeare, William
Sharp, James, Archbishop of St Andrews
Sheerness
Sheldon, Gilbert, Archbishop of Canterbury: portrait;
Shrewsbury, Anna Maria Brudenell, Countess of
Shrewsbury, Francis, 11th Earl of
Sidney, Algernon
Sidney, Robert
Silbury
Simmons, Samuel
Singleton, John
skating
slavery
Slingsby, Sir Arthur
Smith, Francis (Elephant)
Smyrna
Somerset, Henry see Beaufort, Henry Somerset, Lord Herbert, Marquess of Worcester, 1st Duke of
Somerset, Mary, Duchess of Beaufort
Sophia, Princess (‘Sophie’; later Electress of Hanover)
Sorbière, Samuel
South American colonies
Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of:
Southesk, Countess of
Spain:; and Second Anglo-Dutch War
Spanish Netherlands:
spies
Spragge, Sir Edward
Sprat, Thomas; The History of the Royal Society
Staple Act (1663)
Star Chamber
Sterne, Dr, Bishop of Carlisle
Stillingfleet, Edward
Stoop, Dirck: paintings by, plate 7
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of
Stroud, Ellen
Stuart, Charles, 6th Duke of Lennox and 3rd Duke of Richmond see Richmond, Charles Stuart, Charles, 6th Duke of Lennox, 3rd Duke of
Stuart, Frances, Duchess of Richmond: portraits, plate 26;; marries Duke of Richmond; reconciled with CII; later life and death
Stuyvesant, Peter
Suffolk, Countess of
Suffolk, James Howard, 3rd Earl of
sugar
Surat
Surinam
Sussex, Anne Fitzroy, Countess of (daughter of CII and Castlemaine)
Sweden
Taaffe, Theobald, Viscount (later 1st Earl of Carlingford)
Talbot, Gilbert
Talbot, Sir John
Talbot, Peter (later Archbishop of Dublin)
Talbot, Richard, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell and Duke of Tyrconnell
Tangier
Taswell, William
Taunton
taxation: Excise; and funding Royal Navy; Hearth Tax; Poll Tax Bill; and rebuilding of London; wine and vinegar
Taylor, George: slipware by
Taylor, Captain John
tea
Teddeman, Sir Thomas
Temple, Sir Richard
Temple, Sir William
tennis
Test Acts (1673)
Teviot, Lord
theatre: actors; actresses; as arena for courtiers to attack enemies; orange sellers; overview; plays and writers
Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74)
Thirty Years War (1618–48)
Thornhill, J.: portraits by
Thynne, Sir James
Tillemans, Peter: paintings by, plate 16
Tillotson, John (later Archbishop of Canterbury)
timber
tobacco
Tong, Thomas
Toorenvliet, Jacob: artworks by
Tories
Torricellian experiment
towns: Corporation Act’s effects; urban political and religious affiliations
trade:; Ireland; Royal Africa Company; and Second Anglo-Dutch War see also cloth industry; East India Company; Levant Company
transport:; roads and rivers
Triennial Act
Tromp, Admiral Cornelis Maartenzoon
Tudor, Mary, Countess of Derwentwater (daughter of CII and Moll Davis) see Derwentwater, Mary Tudor, Countess of
Tuke, Sir Samuel
Tunbridge Wells
Turenne, Marshal
Turkey
Turner, Sir James
Tweeddale, Earl of
Twyn, John
United Provinces (Holland/Dutch Republic); trade, bankers and interest rates; trade rivalry; relations with France; Second Anglo-Dutch War; Orangist supporters; and Fire of London; Triple alliance with England and Sweden;; CII agreement with France; Third Anglo-Dutch War; William III stadtholder; see also Second Anglo-Dutch War
Ussher, Archbishop
Van de Velde, William the elder: paintings by
Vane, Sir Henry
Vardes, marquis de
Vaughan, Sir John
Venice: embassies to CII; present to CII
Venner, Thomas
Verelst, Simon: portraits by
Verneuil, Henri de Bourbon, duc de
Verney, Jack
Verney, Sir John
Verrio, A.: portraits by
Vertue, George: engravings by
Villiers, Barbara see Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Countess of (later Duchess of Cleveland)
Villiers, Francis
Villiers, George see Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of
Villiers, Mary see Richmond, Mary Villiers, Duchess of
Villiers, Ned
Vincent, Revd Thomas
Vlie, attack on (1666)
Vyner, Sir Robert
Vyner, Thomas
Walker, Sir Edward
Waller, Edmund; Instructions to a Painter
Wallis, John
Walpole, Horace
Walter, Lucy
Walton, Isaac, Compleat Angler
Ward, Seth (later Bishop of Exeter)
Wase, Christopher
Watteville, Baron de
Weaver, Elizabeth
Webb, John
Wells, Winifred
West Indies
Weston, Edward
Whalley, Edmund
Wharton, Philip, 4th Baron
Whig martyrs
Whigs
White, Robert: engravings by
Whitehall: description, plans; Banqueting House;; Castlemaine’s lodgings; Chapel Royal; Cockpit theatre; paintings, plates 15; royal apartments, plate 17; tennis court; Whitehall Stairs
Whitehaven
wigs
Wild, John
Wild, Robert
Wildman, John
Wilkins, John, Bishop of Chester:; and language
William I, Prince of Orange
William II, Prince of Orange
William III, Prince of Orange (later William III, King): portraits;;; struggle to achieve power in Holland; reasserts position; becomes stadtholder; marries Mary Stuart; assumption of English throne
Williamson, Sir Joseph
Willoughby, Francis, 5th Baron of Parham
Wilmot, Colonel Henry see Rochester, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of
Wilson, John
Windham, John
Windsor Beauties
Windsor Castle
wine trade
Wingate, Francis
Wits
Witt, Johann de:; and Medway attack; triple alliance with England and Sweden; death
Witt, Cornelis de
Wood, Anthony
woodland
wool see cloth industry
Worcester, Battle of (1651)
Worcester, Marquess of see Beaufort, Henry Somerset, Lord Herbert, Marquess of Worcester, 1st Duke of
Worcester House Declaration (1660)
Wren, Christopher, Dean of Windsor
Wren, Sir Christopher: portrait;; as natural philosopher; makes lunar globe; Sheldonian Theatre; and rebuilding of London, St Paul’s
Wren, Matthew, Bishop of Ely
Wright, John Michael: paintings by, plate 17
Wriothesley, Thomas, Earl of Southampton see Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of
Wycherley, William
Wyck, Thomas: paintings by, plate 24
Wyndham, Christabella
yachts, royal
Yarmouth
Yarmouth, Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy, Countess of (daughter of CII and Elizabeth Killigrew)
York, Anne Hyde, Duchess of: portrait, plate 21;
York, James Stuart, Duke of (later James II): portraits, plate 21;; marriage to Anne Hyde; interest in science and Royal Society; Royal Africa Company; and Second Anglo-Dutch War; Fire of London; and Clarendon’s fall; opposition to his succession; Catholicism; Treaty of Dover; deposition and last days