by Mario Livio
“The big bang, which nowadays”: Pope Francis at the Plenary Session of Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Casina Pio IV.
evolution by means of natural selection: For a very clear exposition of the evidence for Darwinian evolution, see Coyne 2009.
Climate change denial is fed mainly: Yale researcher Dan Kahan studied what accounts for public opinion. See, for example: “What accounts for Public Conflict,” www.culturalcognition.net/blog/2014/11/10/what-accounts-for-public-conflict-over-science-religiosity-o.html.
Emissions Gap Report (Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, November 2018), www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2018. The opinion of the vast majority of the scientific community on climate change is presented, for instance, by Schrag and Alley 2004, and Schrag 2007.
in this context, nothing short of shocking: For example, David Wallace-Wells 2019 paints a frightening picture of the potential impacts of climate change. Otto 2016 discusses the attacks on science. Crease 2019 analyzes how to address antiscience rhetoric.
“By academic freedom, I understand”: Made on March 13, 1954, Einstein Archives 28–1025.
“Freedom of teaching and of opinion”: The address was prepared for a meeting of university professors that never happened. Was published in Einstein 1950, 183–84.
Einstein’s opinions were more complex: Max Jammer gives an excellent description, Jammer 1999.
“The most beautiful experience we can have”: The text is online at https://history.air.org/exhibits/einstein/essay.htm. Appeared in Einstein 1930.
“I believe in Spinoza’s God”: Rabbi Goldstein commented that Einstein’s reply “very clearly disproves… the charge of atheism made against Einstein.” “Einstein Believes in ‘Spinoza’s God’: Scientist Defines His Faith in Reply to Cablegram from Rabbi Here,” New York Times, April 25, 1929, 60.
which he wrote for the New York Times Magazine: Einstein 1930.
A disabled World War I veteran: Letter to Einstein on September 11, 1940, Einstein Archive, reel 40–247.
he told an anti-Nazi German: Diplomat and author Hubertus zu Löwenstein. In Löwenstein 1968, 156.
a letter that Einstein wrote: The story associated with the letter is described in Livio 2018 and “The Word God Is for Me Nothing but the Expression and Product of Human Weakness,” Christie’s online, last modified December 12, 2018, www.christies.com/features/Albert-Einstein-God-Letter-9457-3.aspx.
the judgment of Pope John Paul II: See also John Paul II 1987.
“Although I am not for religion”: Cited, for example, in Miller 1997.
We should allow for the coexistence: Similar ideas have been expressed by Italian philosopher Dario Antiseri. See Antiseri 2005. A very interesting discussion of atheism is by Gray 2018. Jerry Coyne 2015 argued convincingly that attempts to reconcile the scientific and religious arguments (rather than allowing them to coexist in their parallel realms) are doomed to fail, because faith does not represent facts. On the other hand, Hardin, Numbers, and Binzley 2018 attempt to refute the concept that there is warfare between science and religion.
and disallow only intolerance: The new version of the International and Religious Freedom Act reads: “The freedom of thought, conscience, and religion is understood to protect theistic and non-theistic beliefs and the right not to profess or practice any religion.”
CHAPTER 18: ONE CULTURE
what author John Brockman dubbed: Brockman 1995. C. P. Snow himself introduced the term “Third Culture” in the 1960s, but he referred to the social scientists.
life expectancy in England: Figures from the Office for National Statistics for 2015–17.
succeeded in detecting gravitational waves: The direct detection was made on September 14, 2015, by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations. Abbott et al., 2016.
the humanities and the sciences are integral parts: This topic is extensively analyzed and discussed in Pinker 2018. A great read. In a series of books edited by John Brockman (for example, Brockman 2015, 2018, 2019), Brockman compiled ideas from thinkers in a wide range of disciplines on particular concepts, thus effectively demonstrating the concept of one culture.
Why does the universe exist? Beautifully discussed in Holt 2013, in conversation with thinkers.
science has already provided at least partial answers: A detailed popular description of the history of the science in this topic is in Krauss 2017.
we now know that our universe started: Rees 1997, 2000 provides clear, accessible explanations of the cosmological parameters that determine the history and fate of our universe. Carroll 2016 gives a vivid description of humanity’s place in the cosmos. Randall 2015 illustrates the intriguing connections that can exist between the universe’s make-up and life on Earth.
“no less foolish than that of a certain”: Galileo wrote this as part of his response to delle Colombe and di Grazia in 1611. Opere di Galileo Galilei, vol. 4, p. 30–51.
“Education needs to impart skills”: In Nussbaum’s excellent book Not for Profit. Nussbaum 2010.
In so many works of art: Tognoni 2013 describes many of these in detail.
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