The Hitler–Hess Deception
Page 37
MI6 59, 255
MI14: ‘German Relations with the USSR’ 160–1; ‘World Assessment’ 171
Middle East 140, 146, 153, 155, 159–60, 169, 172, 200–1, 263
Moabit Prison (Berlin) xxi, 281
Molotov, Vyacheslav 180, 293
Moore, Nancy 241
Moravetz, Frantisek 116, 117
Morz (agent) 59, 63
Mussolini, Benito 18, 7n, 140, 153, 270, 293
Mytchett Place, nr Aldershot 259
Nazism (National Socialism) 1–3
Neuchâtel, Switzerland: École Supérieur de Commerce 5
Neurath, Constantin von 27 and n, 35, 38, 40, 286
Nicholas II, Tsar 4
Nicolson, Harold 169, 170
NKVD (Soviet security force) 116
Norman, Montagu 206
North Africa 146, 154, 166–8, 178, 269
Northumberland, Duke of 115n
Nuremberg Laws 38
Nuremberg Trials xxvi, 112, 113, 286–7, 288–9
O’Malley, Sir Owen 30, 95
O’Neill, Con 112–13, 210, 231, 266, 268, 287
Operation Adlerangriffe (Eagle-raids) 83
Operation Barbarossa 22, 137, 161, 164, 193, 201, 204–6, 261–2, 271, 273–4, 277–8
Operation Foxley 110
Oster, General 280
Papagos, General Alexandros 154
Papen, Herr von 56
Payne-Best, Captain Sigismund 59, 61–3; see Venlo Incident
Penck, Dr 28
Percy, Lord Eustace 220
Pétain, Marshal Philippe 170, 246
Peterson, Sir Maurice 71
Philby, Kim 286
Phillimore, Colonel 288
Phipps, Sir Eric 35
Phipps, Lady 35
PID see Political Intelligence Department
Platser, Joseph 215
Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Admiral Hon. Sir Reginald 180
Poland 33, 39, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48–9, 50, 51, 52, 53–4, 171, 246–7, 259
Political Intelligence Department (PID) 102, 103, 243–4, 245, 248
Political Warfare Executive (PWE) 151–2, 284
Popitz, Johannes 280
Portugal 72, 73, 97, 176, 183
Pound, Sir Dudley 139
Princip, Gavrilo 6
Prytz, Bjorn 196
PWE see Political Warfare Executive
Raeder, Admiral Erich 40
Rashid Ali 200
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) 59
Reilly, Sidney (Georgi Rosenblum) 102, 266
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 1; as head of Dienststelle Ribbentrop 27 and n; and Karl Haushofer xxvi, 11, 12, 90; negotiates Russo-German non-aggression pact 180; advises Hitler 46; and wooing of the Windsors 74–5; assessed by Albrecht Haushofer 94, 276, 279; not told of Hess’s plan 132, 135; Hohenlohe as private emissary 142, 156, 157; summoned by Hitler 248, 249; sentenced to death 286
Roberts, Frank 130–1, 177, 178, 204, 239
Roberts, Herbert 14
Roberts, Patrick 14, 29–30, 109
Roberts, Violet 14, 31, 217; letter to Karl Haushofer 96–7, 109, 114, 121
Roberts, Walter 82, 109, 217
Robertson, Major ‘Tar’ 219, 220
Rommel, General Erwin 167, 280
Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 54–5, 63, 94, 169, 207, 248, 271
Ropp, Baron ‘Bill’ de 66–7, 70, 182, 207, 230, 239
Rosenberg, Alfred: trip to Britain (1930s) 206–7; heads Aussenpolitsches Amt 27; and de Ropp 66–7, 182, 230; meeting with Hess (1941) 206, 207, 213–14; and Hitler 214; tried at Nuremberg 112, 286, 288; death sentence 286
Rosenblum, Georgi see Reilly, Sidney
Rothacker, Emma 136, 236, 248, 251
RSHA see Reichssicherheitshauptamt
Russia see Soviet Union
SA see Sturmabteilung
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of (1919) 34
Salazar, Antonio 183
Santo y Silva (Portuguese emissary) 75
Sargent, Orme 204
Schacht, Hjalmar 52–3
Schellenberg, SS Colonel Walter 59–61, 62, 74–5
Schirach, Baldur von 286
Schmidt, Paul 270
Schnuhr, Irmegard 275, 277, 278, 279
Schnurre, Karl 129
Schutzstaffel (SS) xxi, xxii, 2, 63–4, 248, 264
SD see Sicherheitsdienst
Secret Intelligence Service, British (SIS) 59, 97–8, 99, 100, 101, 102, 254
Selection Trust Group 98
Seton-Watson, Professor 209
Seymour, Sir John 35
Sicherheitsdienst (SD) 59, 61–3, 98
Simon, Sir John 31, 34, 35
Sinclair, Sir Archibald 207, 219, 231, 252, 253, 256
SIS see Secret Intelligence Service
SO1 see Special Operations 1
SO2 see Special Operations 2
SOE see Special Operations Executive
Sorof, Günther 194, 198
Soviet Union: Bolshevik Revolution 3, 4; and British delegation 180; attack on Poland 48; gives aid to Germany 128–9; advances into Baltic states 85–6; relations with Germany 137–8, 140–1, 160–1; and German invasion plans 22, 137, 146, 161, 164, 171–3, 178, 193, 200, 201, 204–6, 221, 261–2, 269–70, 272–3; German invasion 273–5, 184–5
Spain 74, 158; see also Franco, General
Spartakusbund 7, 8
Special Operations 1 (SO1) 81, 97, 100, 101–2, 103, 104–7; and origins of Messrs HHHH operation 104, 107–11; operation makes headway 121–2, 126–7, 129, 136, 141, 142, 143, 146, 161, 172, 173, 217; Dalton’s opposition to operation 149–51; and Hohenlohe’s peace initiative 158, 159; and Hoare’s reports 162–6, 177–9; involvement of Duke of Kent see Kent, Duke of; Woburn meeting (10 May 1941) 111, 112–13, 209–12, 231; operation wrecked by Hess’s arrival 242; conflict with MI5 and MI6 255; renamed 151–2, 284; and secrecy about operation 284–5
Special Operations 2 (SO2) 99–100, 102, 123, 272
Special Operations Executive (SOE) 81–2, 99, 100–1, 107, 109–10, 112; see Special Operations 1; Special Operations 2
Speer, Albert 286
Srom, Leopold 226–7
SS see Schutzstaffel
Stahmers, Heinrich 179
Stalin, Joseph 85–6, 116, 172, 206, 262, 271, 273, 277, 285
Stammers, Group Captain 218
Stauffenberg, Lt Colonel Claus von: and Hitler assassination plot 280, 281, 282
Stevens, Major Richard 59, 60–3; see Venlo Incident
Stohrer, Eberhard von 74, 117–18, 260
Strang, William 108, 130, 177, 179–80; and involvement of Duke of Kent in operation 179, 180–1, 184, 186–7, 188–9, 239
Streicher, Julius 1, 24
Stuelpnagel, General 280
Sturmabteilung (SA; Storm Troopers) 19 and n
Sudetenland Germans 15, 34, 37, 38, 39, 43, 68
Suñer, Ramón Serrano 118, 272
Swinton, Lord 101
Symington, Judith 76
Templewood, Lord see Hoare, Sir Samuel
Thule Gesellschaft (Thule Society) 7–8, 9
Times, The 20
Tobruk 167–8
Torr, Brigadier 156, 158, 166
Trautmannsdorf, Graf 38
Tree, Ronald 207
Trepca mine, Serbia 98, 99
Truman, Harry S. 282
Ukraine 22, 38, 137, 158, 171, 172, 206, 262, 270
Ulap Exhibition Centre (Berlin) xxii, 282
ULTRA decrypts 171, 271
United States 46, 52–3, 128, 138, 147, 162; see also Roosevelt, President Franklin D.
Vansittart, Sir Robert: letter to Lord Halifax 79–80; relations with Leeper and SO1 103, 107–8; proposed as Ambassador to US 139; and Dalton 151, 212; at SO1 meeting (May 1941) 209, 231; and fate of German agents 268
VDA see Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland
Venlo Incident 61–4, 76–7, 97, 117, 184
Versailles, Treaty of 2, 9, 15, 18, 3
3n, 34, 36, 103
Vichy France 170, 246
Victor Emmanuel III, King 18
Vigon, General Juan 70, 130, 131, 229
Voigt, S. 231, 239, 242
Völkischer Beobachter 51
Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA; Committee for Germanism Abroad) 21, 27, 33, 37
Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VOMI; German Racial Assistance Office) 21
Vyse, Major-General Howard 68
Walsh, Edmund xxiv
Wavell, General Sir Archibald 167–8; Churchill’s telegrams to 167, 168, 169
Weissauer, Dr Ludwig: peace negotiations 45, 77–9, 80, 84, 85, 87, 88, 107, 201
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 4
Williams, Valentine 209, 255
Williams, W.S. 130
Windsor, Duchess of (formerly Mrs Wallis Simpson) 67, 70–1, 75
Windsor, Duke of (formerly King Edward VIII): and the Duke of Kent 182; and Bedaux 65–6; pre-war attitude to Germany 68–9; wartime mission 67–8; and Hitler’s peaceable attempt 65, 66; flees to Spain 70–1; and Hoare 73; decamps to Lisbon 73; wooed by Nazis 73–6, 118; appointed Governor of Bahamas 75, 76, 181, 183
Winterbotham, Group Captain Freddy 66, 86, 108, 182, 207
Witzleben, Field Marshal Erwin von 280
Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire 100, 102, 106, 269; SO1 meeting (May 1941) 111, 112–13, 209–12, 231
Woermann, Ernst 159
Wolff, General Karl 248, 281
World War I 3, 4, 6–7, 14; SIS 97–8
Yencken, Arthur 271–2
Zapot Agreement 33–4
Zech-Burkesroda, Count Julius 69
Zinoviev, Grigori 100
Zuppo, Count 73
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank all those people who have helped with the research and logistical requirements behind the writing of this book. Some took the time and trouble to write to me, whilst others granted an interview; some assisted in translations, additional research, or by voluntarily providing information that it had not occurred to me to ask for.
I would firstly like to pay a tribute to Herr Gerd Ahlschwede, formerly of the 1st Panzer Division; Mr Steve Alexander; Mrs Felicity Ashtree; Mr Stuart L. Butler; Mr Roy Conyers-Nesbit; Senor Carlos Alberto Damas; Mrs Regina Davis; Dr Alfred Grupp of the Auswärtiges Amt; Mrs Cate Haste; Mr Oliver Hoare; Mr Masahiro Kawai of the IDS, Tokyo; Mr John M. Kelso of the FBI; Frau Christine Kislar and Herr Guido Knopp of ZDF; Mrs Brenda Levinson; Mr Lawrence H. McDonald; Mr Colin R. Macmillan; Mr A. Nikonov of the Russian State Archive; Ms Dunja Noack; Major T.W.F. Odell (retd); Franz-Dieter Paulsen; Mrs Penny Prior of the Foreign Office; Professor Robert K. Shaw; Mrs Amy Schmidt of the National Archives, Washington DC; Mr T. Sekiguchi; Frau A. Stocker of the Bundesarchiv; Mrs Hilary Sweet-Escott; Mrs Lucy Takezoe of the National DIET Library, Tokyo; Mrs Errol Trzebinski; Mr Steven Walton of the Imperial War Museum; Mr William J. Walsh; Mr Hitomi Watanabe, Second Secretary (Political Division) of the Japanese Embassy; Mrs Linda Wheeler; Herr Viktor Wolf of the Internal Division of the German Foreign Ministry; and Frau Zandeck of the Bundesarchiv.
I would also like to thank those persons, connected either by family relationship to or exceptional knowledge of the main personalities or events of 1940–41, who extended me their assistance: Rudolf Hess’s son Wolf Rüdiger Hess; Adolf Hitler’s secretary Frau Gertaud Junge; Joachim von Ribbentrop’s Private Secretary Herr Reinhardt Spitzy; the Duke of Hamilton’s son Lord James Douglas-Hamilton; Albrecht Haushofer’s nieces, Frau Andrea Haushofer-Schröder and Frau Renata Haushofer; Albrecht Haushofer’s assistant Herr Heinz Albers-Schonberg; Herr Hans Noebel, family friend of Albrecht Haushofer; and Sir Samuel Hoare’s daughter, Mrs Verily Paget.
I am particularly indebted to the following institutions and government bodies for replying to my letters, or who otherwise gave me their time and assistance to aid my research: De Arquivo Historico, Lisbon; the Auswärtiges Amt (the Federal Foreign Office of Germany); the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg; Companies House, Cardiff; the Daily Record, Glasgow; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Foreign and Commonwealth Office; the Hoover Institution; the Imperial War Museum; the Japanese Embassy in London; the Japanese Foreign Ministry; the KGB Archives, Moscow; the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States of America; the National DIET Library of Tokyo; the National Institute for Defence Studies, Tokyo; the Public Records Office, London; the Royal British Legion; the University of Kiel; the US Department of Justice; and the Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen.
I would also like to pay tribute to those friends, colleagues and translators who assisted in the logistics of creating this book: Dr Olaf Rose, for his assistance as personal translator during my lecture tours and conferences in Germany, as well as his generous and unstinting assistance during my research and conducting of interviews; Dr Gerd Sudholt, of Verlag Gesellschafts Berg, who has been of great assistance in my search for testimony from eyewitnesses of Germany’s past; Dr Michael Stenton for his considered and expert advise on SOE, SO1, the Political Warfare Executive, and Britain’s political warfare and propaganda conducted during the early years of the Second World War; Mr D.R. Brown for his knowledge about aircraft of the First and Second World War; Mr F.P. Creagh for his chauffeur and security services; M. Pierre Vial, Mr Nick Burzynski, Herr Alfred Gottlieb and Mrs Sabine Wickes for their hard work in translating the extremely large number of documents necessary to unravel the mystery behind the events of 1940–41; Mr David Prysor-Jones and Mr James Crowden for the many, many hours of late-night discussion as we pondered the subtleties of the British and German governments’ political dilemmas and diplomatic priorities of the late 1930s and early 1940s.
Finally, I would like to pay a very special tribute to my wife, Jean. As my business manager and partner in research, she had a very major influence on the writing of this book, and I am indebted to her for her unstinting support through many worrying and difficult times that lay between the start and finish of this project.
Copyright
William the 4th
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
77-85 Fulham Palace Road,
Hammersmith, London W6 8JB
www.harpercollins.co.uk
This edition published by Harper Perennial 2004
First published in Great Britain by HarperCollinsPublishers 2003
Copyright © Martin Allen 2003
Martin Allen asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
Source ISBN: 9780007141197
Ebook Edition © MARCH 2014 ISBN: 9780007438211
Version: 2014-03-28
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or here in after invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books
HarperCollinsPublishers has made every reasonable effort to ensure that any picture content and written content in this ebook has been included or removed in accordance with the contractual and technological constraints in operation at the time of publication.
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street
Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
http://www.harpercollins.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Canada
2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor
Toronto, ON, M4W, 1A8, Canada
http://www.harpercollins.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand) Limited
&
nbsp; P.O. Box 1
Auckland, New Zealand
http://www.harpercollins.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
77-85 Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8JB, UK
http://www.harpercollins.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
10 East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022
http://www.harpercollins.com