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Hunting Eichmann

Page 40

by Neal Bascomb


  CHAPTER 28

  [>] In the valley: Musmanno, pp. 11–13; Arendt, p. 3.

  [>] "Adolf Eichmann, rise": Guri, p. 2.

  "First count": The Trial of Adolf Eichmann, pp. 3–10.

  [>] "When I stand": Ibid., p. 62.

  "In moments like these": Mulisch, p. 37.

  On May 28: Z. Sapir interview, IMAE.

  [>] "How many Jews": The Trial of Adolf Eichmann, pp. 970–74; Zeev Sapir Testimony at Eichmann Trial, Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive; Z. Sapir interview, IMAE.

  [>] Once Hausner finished: Cesarani, pp. 272–74.

  Given his clipped: Mulisch, p. 127.

  "From the point": The Trial of Adolf Eichmann, p. 1575.

  [>] Throughout the cross-examination: Cesarani, pp. 272, 282–305.

  The Israeli court allowed only a small portion of the Sassen documents to be entered into evidence—just those pages that Eichmann had handwritten or to which he had added comments while editing his memoirs in Argentina.

  "For the dispatch": The Trial of Adolf Eichmann, p. 2218.

  [>] Eichmann was motionless: Guri, p. 299.

  While he waited: Eichmann, "Meine Gotzen—September 6, 1961"; Eichmann, "Meine Memoiren—June 16, 1960"; BArch, Sassen Transcripts, 6/95, folder 1.

  Eichmann began: Hull, xi–xiv.

  [>] "search for peace": Ibid., p. 35.

  "There is no Hell": Ibid., p. 24.

  "I have not sinned": Ibid., p. 83.

  Two days after: M. Gilead interview, IMAE.

  "Why are you sad": Hull, p. 155.

  [>] Accompanied by Hull: Ibid., pp. 155–60; R. Eitan, AI; M. Gilead interview, IMAE; S. Nagar interview, IMAE.

  "I hope, very much": Malkin, Eichmann in My Hands, p. 173.

  "Long live Germany": Hull, p. 159; Arye Wallenstein, "Eichmann Dies on the Gallows," Reuters, June 1, 1962.

  The two guards hit: Hull, pp. 160–69; M. Gilead interview, IMAE; Hausner, p. 446.

  EPILOGUE

  [>] "Jewish history had": E. Wiesel interview, HAE.

  The trial had: Yablonka, pp. 250–51.

  As for the rest: Cesarani, pp. 324–57.

  [>] Simon Wiesenthal and Tuviah Friedman: "The Eichmann Chase"; Pick, pp. 151–327.

  In the weeks after: NA, RG 263, Nazis/West Germany/Post WWII, Current Intelligence Weekly Summary, July 7, 1960; Cesarani, p. 335.

  [>] For the Hermann family: OHD, (228)4, Interview with Nathan Lerner; CZA, Z 6/2412; A. Kleinert, AI; Clarin, March 25, 1961; Goñi, p. 318; Friedman, The Blind Man.

  Now a professor: Ricardo Eichmann, Letter to author, December 2006.

  Of the three: Aharoni and Dietl, pp. 176–77.

  "extraordinary devotion": Letter from Zvi Tohar to Daniel Sasson, May 24, 1960.

  [>] After returning to Israel: Aharoni and Dietl, pp. 179–81; letter to author from Wilhelm Dietl, September 14, 2008.

  Contrary to news reports in September 2008 based on an interview with Rafi Eitan, the author received no confirmation from other agents that the Mossad actually located the doctor during the operation to capture Eichmann. Avraham Shalom told the author quite firmly that they did not locate Mengele at that time.

  [>] Rafi Eitan has enjoyed: Thomas, pp. 86–91; Aharoni and Dietl, p. 181.

  Only three years: Thomas, pp. 42–46; Guardian, February 20, 1993.

  "All over the world": R. Eitan, AI.

  [>] "She can't talk": Malkin, Eichmann in My Hands, p. 258; Peter Malkin interview, Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive.

  * * *

  Bibliography

  ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES

  Archiv der Sozialen Demokratie der Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn.

  Archivo General de la Nación, Buenos Aires.

  Biblioteca National, Buenos Aires.

  Bundesarchiv, Koblenz.

  Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem.

  Columbia University Library, New York.

  Direción Nacional de Migraciones, Buenos Aires.

  Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Oral History Division, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.

  Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Wiesbaden.

  Israel State Archives, Jerusalem.

  Massuah Institute for the Study of the Holocaust, Kibbutz Tel Itzhak, Israel.

  National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC.

  New York Public Library, New York.

  New York University Library, New York.

  Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.

  Tribunales Federales de Comodoro Py, Buenos Aires.

  United States Holocaust Museum, Washington, DC.

  Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.

  YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York.

  DOCUMENTARY INTERVIEWS AND MATERIALS

  The Hunt for Adolf Eichmann, directed by Dan Setton, 1998. Interview transcripts of Zvi Aharoni, Manus Diamant, Michael Gilead, Isser Harel, Peter Malkin, Moshe Tabor, and Elie Wiesel.

  I Met Adolf Eichmann, directed by Clara Glynn, 2003. Interview transcripts of Zvi Aharoni, Martha Eggers, Michael Gilead, Otto Lindhorst, Heinz Lühr, Shlomo Nagar, Zeev Sapir, Ursula Schulze, Moshe Tabor, Roberto Tonet, and Ruth Tramer.

  AUTHOR INTERVIEWS (AI)

  Roberto Alemann, Dan Alon, Shmuel Alony, anonymous Tacuara members, Angolina Bascelli, Rafi Eitan, Yaakov Gat, Amelia Hahn, Oved Kabiri, Yosef Klein, Anthony Kleinert, Dr. Leonhardt, Arye Levavi, Jose Moskoviz, Dr. Ernesto Palenzola, Pedro Probierzym, Saskia Sassen, Daniel Sasson, Shamri Shabtai, Avraham Shalom, Shaul Shaul, Baruch Tirosh, and Luba Volk.

  EICHMANN PRIMARY SOURCES

  Eichmann, Adolf. Meine Flucht. Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Alliierte Prozesse, 6/247, folder 1.

  Eichmann, Adolf. "Meine Gotzen—September 6, 1961." Israel State Archives, Jerusalem. Also available at http://www.mazal.org/various/eichmann.htm.

  Eichmann, Adolf. "Meine Memoiren—June 16, 1960." In The Trial of Adolf Eichmann: Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem. Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Trust for the Publication of the Proceedings of the Eichmann Trial, 1992. Microfiche.

  Sassen Transcripts. Collection of Robert Servatius. Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Alliierte Prozesse, 6/95-111.

  DERIVATIVE WORKS

  a. Aschenauer, Rudolf. Ich, Adolf Eichmann: Ein historischer Zeugenbericht. Augsburg: Druffel-Verlag, 1980. A distilled version of the Sassen transcripts.

  b. "Eichmann Memoirs." National Archives and Records Administration, CIA Records Search Tool.

  c. Eichmann, Adolf. "Memoirs." Life, November 28 and December 5, 1960.

  "Interrogation of Adolf Eichmann by Avner Less, Bureau 06." In The Trial of Adolf Eichmann: Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem. Vols. 7 and 8. Jerusalem: Trust for the Publication of the Proceedings of the Eichmann Trial, 1992.

  DERIVATIVE WORK

  Von Lang, Jochen, ed. Eichmann Interrogated. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983.

  BOOKS AND ARTICLES

  Aarons, Mark, and John Loftus. Unholy Trinity: How the Vatican's Nazi Networks Betrayed Western Intelligence to the Soviets. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

  Aharoni, Zvi. On Life and Death: The Tale of a Lucky Man. London: Minerva, 1998.

  Aharoni, Zvi, and Wilhelm Dietl. Operation Eichmann: The Truth About the Pursuit, Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann. London: Orion, 1998.

  Ambrose, Stephen. The Supreme Commander: The War Years of D. D. Eisenhower. New York: Doubleday, 1970.

  Anderson, Jack. Peace, War, Politics: An Eyewitness Account. New York: Forge, 2000.

  Andrus, Burton. The Infamous of Nuremberg. London: Leslie Frewin, 1969.

  Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

  Aronson, Shlomo. Hitler, Allies, and the Jews. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

  Ashman, Charles, and Robert Wagman. Nazi Hunters. New York: Pharos Books, 1988.

  Astor, Gerald. The Last Nazi: The Life and
Times of Dr. Joseph Mengele. New York: Donald I. Fine, 1985.

  Bar-Zohar, Michael. The Avengers. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1968.

  ———. Ben Gurion: A Biography. Tel Aviv: Biblioteka-Aliia, 1987.

  ———. Spies in the Promised Land: Iser Harel and the Israeli Secret Service. Boston:

  Houghton Mifflin, 1972.

  Bauer, Yehuda. Jews for Sale: Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933—1945. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.

  Ben-Gurion, David. A Personal History. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1971.

  Ben-Natan, Asher. The Audacity to Live: An Autobiography. Tel Aviv: Mazo, 2007.

  Bernstein, Victor. Final Judgment: The Story of Nuremberg. New York: Boni & Gaer, 1947.

  Bischof, Gunter, and Stephen Ambrose. Eisenhower and the German POWs. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.

  Biss, Andre. A Million Jews to Save: Check to the Final Solution. London: A. S. Barnes, 1975.

  Black, Ian, and Morris Benny. Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel Intelligence. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1991.

  Black, Peter. Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Ideological Soldier of the Third Reich. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.

  Bloch, Michael. Ribbentrop. New York: Crown, 1993.

  Botting, Douglas. In the Ruins of the Reich. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985.

  Bower, Tom. Blind Eye to Murder: Britain, America and the Purging of Nazi Germany—A Pledge Betrayed. London: Andre Deutsch, 1981.

  Boyle, Kay. Breaking the Silence: Why a Mother Tells Her Son About the Nazi Era. New York: Institute of Human Relations Press, 1962.

  Braham, Randolph. Eichmann and the Destruction of Hungarian Jewry. New York: Twayne, 1961.

  ———. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

  Braham, Randolph, and Scott Miller, eds. The Nazis' Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary. Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1998.

  Breitman, Richard, et al. U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  Briggs, Emil. Stand Up and Fight. London: George G. Harrap, 1972.

  Bukey, Evan Burr. Hitler's Hometown: Linz, Austria 1908—1945. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

  Camarasa, Jorge. Odessa al Sur: La Argentina Como Refugio de Nazis y Criminales de Guerra. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1995.

  Cesarani, David. Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a "Desk Murderer. " New York: Da Capo Press, 2006.

  Clarke, Comer. Eichmann: The Man and His Crime. New York: Ballantine Books, 1960.

  Cohen, Rich. The Avengers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.

  Conot, Robert E. Justice at Nuremberg. New York: Harper & Row, 1983.

  Cookridge, E. H. Gehlen: Spy of the Century. New York: Random House, 1972.

  Crassweller, Robert. Peron and the Enigmas of Argentina. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987.

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  Dawidowicz, Lucy'S. The War Against the Jews, 1933—1945. New York: Bantam Books, 1986.

  Deacon, Richard. The Israeli Secret Service. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1977.

  Derogy, Jacques, and Hesi Carmel. The Untold History of Israel. New York: Grove Press, 1979.

  Diamant, Manus. Geheimauftrag: Mission Eichmann. Vienna, 1995.

  ———. Manuscript. Massuah Archives, Israel.

  Donovan, John. Eichmann: Man of Slaughter. New York: Avon, 1960.

  Douglas, Lawrence. The Memory of Judgment: Making Law and History in the Holocaust. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.

  Dwork, Deborah, and Robert Jan van Pelt. Auschwitz, 1270 to the Present. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.

  Eban, Abba. Personal Witness. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1993.

  "The Eichmann Chase." Newsweek, July 25, 1960.

  "Eichmann in Germany." Der Stern 13, nos. 25—27, 1960.

  Eichmann in the World Press. Jerusalem: Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1960.

  Eisenhower, David. Eisenhower at War. New York: Random House, 1986.

  Elkins, Michael. Forged in Fury. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971.

  Erez, Tsvi. "Hungary—Six Days in July." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 3, no. 1 (1988): 37–53.

  Eshed, Haggai. Reuven Shiloah: The Man Behind the Mossad. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

  Este, Carlo. Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life. New York: Henry Holt, 2002.

  Farago, Ladislas. The Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974.

  Fitzgibbon, Constantine. Denazification. New York: W. W. Norton, 1969.

  Fraser, Nicholas, and Marysa Navarro. Eva Peron. New York: W. W. Norton, 1985.

  Freiwald, Aaron. The Last Nazi: Josef Schwammberger and the Nazi Past. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994.

  Fried, Tal. "Official Israeli Institutions in Pursuit of Nazi War Criminals, 1945–60." PhD diss., University of Haifa, 2002.

  Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

  Friedman, Tuviah. The Blind Man Who Discovered Adolf Eichmann in Argentina. Haifa: Institute of Documentation in Israel, 1987.

  ———. Die Korrespondenz. Haifa: Institute of Documentation in Israel, 1993.

  ———. Die Korrespondenz der zwei Nazi-Forscher Tuwiah Friedman und Simon Wiesenthal in den Jahren 1946—1950, Part I. Haifa: Institute of Documentation in Israel, 2005.

  ———. The Hunter. Edited and translated by David C. Gross. Haifa: Institute of Documentation in Israel, 1961.

  Fritzsche, Hans. Sword in the Scales. London: Allan Wingate, 1953.

  Fröhlich, Claudia. Wider die Tabuisierung des Ungehorsams—Fritz Bauers Widerstands-begriff und die Aufarbeitung von NS-Verbrechen. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2006.

  Fulbrook, Mary. German National Identity After the Holocaust. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 1999.

  Gardner-Feldman, Lily. The Special Relationship Between West Germany and Israel. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984.

  Gilbert, G. M. Nuremberg Diary. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995.

  Gilbert, Martin. The Day the War Ended: May 8, 1945; Victory in Europe. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.

  ———. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1985.

  Goldenhagen, Daniel. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.

  Goldman, Marvin. El Al: Star in the Sky. Miami, FL: World Transport Press, 1990.

  Goñi, Uki. The Real Odessa: How Peron Brought the Nazi War Criminals to Argentina. London: Granta, 2003.

  Groeneveld, Gerard. Kriegsberichter: Nederlandse ss-oorlogsverslaggevers 1941—45. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Vantilt, 2004.

  Gunther, John. Inside South America. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

  Guri, Haim. Facing the Glass Booth: The Jerusalem Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004.

  Gutman, Daniel. Tacuara: Historia de la Primera Guerrilla Urbana Argentina. Buenos Aires: Vergara Grupo Zeta, 2003.

  Gutman, Yisrael, and Michael Berenbaum, eds. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.

  Haim, Avni. Argentina and the Jews: A History of Jewish Immigration. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.

  ———. "Jewish Leadership in Times of Crisis: Argentina During the Eichmann Affair." In Studies in Contemporary Jewry, ed. Peter Medding, vol. 11, Values, Interests and Identity, 117–23. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

  Harel, Isser. House on Garibaldi Street. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

  Harris, Whitney. Tyranny on Trial: The Trial of the Major German War Criminals. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1999.

  Hausner, Gideon. Justice in Jerusalem. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
<
br />   Hoess, Rudolf. Commandant of Auschwitz. London: Pan Books, 1959.

  Hohne, Heinz, and Hermann Zolling. Network: The Truth About General Gehlen and His Spy Ring. London: Secker & Warburg, 1972.

  Höttl, Wilhelm. The Secret Front: The Story of Nazi Political Espionage. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1953.

  Hull, William. The Struggle for a Soul. New York: Doubleday, 1963.

  "Interview with Klaus Eichmann." Quick, January 1966.

  Klee, Ernest. Persilscheine and Falsche Passe. Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1996.

  Korey, William. "Reporting the Eichmann Case." Survey, no. 39 (December 1961).

  Kurzman, Dan. Ben-Gurion: Prophet of Fire. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.

  Lauryssens, Stan. The Eichmann Diaries. Unpublished English-language version provided by author.

  Lavy, George. Germany and Israel: Moral Debt and National Interest. London: Frank Cass, 1996.

  Lawson, Colin. "Eichmann's Wife Speaks." Daily Express, December 12, 1961.

  Lengyel, Olga. Five Chimneys: The Story of Auschwitz. New York: Howard Fertig, 1995.

  Levai, Eugene. Black Book on the Martyrdom of Hungarian Jewry. Zurich: Central European Times, 1948.

  Levai, Jeno, ed. Eichmann in Hungary: Documents. New York: Howard Fertig, 1987.

  Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault on Humanity. New York: Collier Books, 1961.

  Levy, Alan. The Wiesenthal File. London: Constable, 1993.

  Lewy, Gunter. The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany. New York: Da Capo Press, 1964.

  "Life and Eichmann." Newsweek, December 5, 1960.

  Lozowick, Yaacov. Hitler's Bureaucrats: The Nazi Security Police and the Banality of Evil. New York: Continuum, 2002.

  Malkin, Peter. The Argentina Journal. New York: VWF Publishing, 2002.

  ———. Eichmann in My Hands. New York: Warner Books, 1990.

  Marwick, Arthur. The Sixties: Cultural Transformation in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Maser, Werner. Nuremberg: A Nation on Trial. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1979.

 

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