The First Ladies of Rome
Page 53
Gallia Lugdunensis, 220
Gallus, 277–8, 279
Gallus (Cestius Gallus), 163
Gannys, 241
Gardens of Lucullus, Rome, 131
Gardens of Maecenas, Rome, 82
Gardens of Sallust, Rome, 167, 171
Gaul, 53, 73, 89, 100, 190, 220, 221, 223, 224, 254, 258, 283, 284, 289, 295, 303
Gauls, 172
Geiseric, 313
Gelasius of Caesarea, 270
Gemellus (Tiberius Gemellus), 121
Gemma Claudia, 137
Gentleman’s Magazine, The, 117
Geoffrey of Monmouth: Historia Regum Britanniae, 273
George III, King, 116
German tribes, 239, 246, 249
Germanicus
son of Drusus and Antonia Minor, 75, 94
adopted by Tiberius, 83, 99
marries Agrippina Maior, 99, 100
consulship, 100
as military commander, 100, 101, 103
animosity and jealousy of Tiberius towards, 102–3, 103–4
diplomatic tour of eastern provinces, 103–4, 105
and Piso, 105–6
death, 4, 87, 88, 106
suspicions surrounding death of, 87, 106–7
evidence about events following death of, 107–110
return of ashes to Italy, 87, 106
statue at Lepcis Magna, 98–9
brief references, 120, 126, 131, 136, 137, 139, 195
Germany, 75, 83, 100, 101, 102, 103, 110, 139, 211, 213
Geta (brother of Septimius Severus), 232
Geta (son of Septimius Severus), 221, 227, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 253
Gibbon, Edward, 218
Golden House (Domus Aurea), Rome, 167
Golgotha, 269
Goths, 205–6, 249, 277, 278, 285, 288–9, 290, 294, 295, 296, 306, 313
Gracchi, the (Gaius and Tiberius), 18, 38
Gratian, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 302
Graves, Robert, 3
Claudius the God, 2
I, Claudius, 2, 62, 134
Greece, 22, 54, 202 see also names of places
Greek culture, 202, 230
Greek Orthodox Church, 183
Grimani, Vincenzo, 155
Hadrian
military career, 196
marries Sabina, 196, 200
becomes emperor, 195–6
first year in power, 196–7
and Plotina, 196, 197, 199
and Salonia Matidia, 199
foreign tours, 201, 202
relationship with Antinous, 202–3
visit to Egypt, 187, 203
last years of reign, 204
chooses his successor, 204
and death of Sabina, 205
death, 205
mausoleum, 205–6
brief references, 1, 188, 189, 190, 198, 225, 227
Hadrian’s Wall, 201
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 291
hairstyles, 14, 25, 39, 40, 51, 53, 73, 92, 104, 134, 139, 178–80, 181–2, 194, 201–2, 224, 232, 253–4, 263
Halala (later renamed Faustinopolis), 214, 263
Halotus, 142
Hamilton, Elizabeth, 100
Hamilton, Lady Emma, 116–17, 118
Hamilton, Gavin, 116
Hamilton, Sir William, 116
Hancarville, Baron d’: Monumens de culte secret des dames romaines, 57
Handel, George Frederick: Agrippina, 155
Harding, Florence, 196
Harding, Warren, 196
Harvard: Sackler Museum, 98
Hasmonean Palace, Jerusalem, 163
Hatra, 227
Hautvillers, 273
Hayes, Lucy, 8
Hayes, Rutherford B., 8
Hays, Mary: Female Biography, 11
Hebdomon, 308
Hébert, Jacques, 155
Helena (mother of Constantine)
relationship with Constantius, 250–1
and Constantine’s right to rule, 251–2
put aside for Constantius’s marriage to Theodora, 252
traditions about her connection with court at Trier, 255
and frescoes in Trier cathdral, 256
proclaimed Augusta, 258
depictions and inscriptions, 262–3
Drepanum renamed in honour of, 263
and Rome, 263–4
and scandal concerning Constantine, 265, 266
visits the Holy Land, 266–8, 269–71
religious faith of, 267–8
discovery of the True Cross, 269–71
death, 271–2
remains, 272–3
and Britain, 273–4
fame and reputation, 248–9
canonisation, 5, 248
Waugh’s novel about, 248, 274
as example and role model, 274, 276, 282, 291, 292, 303, 306, 308
brief references, 254, 277, 314
Helena (daughter of Constantine), 262, 279
Helena (wife of Licinius), 265
Helenopolis (formerly Drepanum) see Drepanum
Helvia, 76
Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, 158
Henry VIII, King, 273–4
Henry of Huntingdon: Historia Anglorum, 274
Heras, 174
Herbert, Thomas, eighth Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, 98
Herculaneum, 175
Herculanus Bassus, 310, 311
Herod, King (husband of Salome), 54
Herod (brother of Salome), 104
Herod (husband and uncle of Berenice), 161
Herod Antipas, 160
Herodian, 222, 236, 239, 240, 241
Hersek, 263
Historia Augusta, 189, 201, 205, 214, 227, 238–9, 241, 243
Holy Land, 266–7, 268–70, 271, 274, 306, 308
Homer, 208, 299–300
Homeric Centos, 299–300
Honoria (Justa Grata Honoria), 296, 297, 301, 303, 305, 310–11
Honorius, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 295,
296, 297, 300, 302, 312
Horace, 53
Hortensia, 23, 29, 52
Hortensius (Quintus Hortensius), 23, 29, 52, 119
Hôtel de Bourgogne, Paris, 158
Hoxne, 262
Huneric, 308, 313
Hungarian plain, 213
Huns, 288, 300, 303, 309
Hyacinthus, 310
I, Claudius (TV series), 2–3, 47
Iazyges, 213
Illyricum, 289
Ingenuus, 294
Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique: Virgil Reading the Aeneid to Livia, Octavia and Augustus, 61, 62
Innocentius II, Pope, 273
Irene, 314
Isola Sacra, 17
Italy, 19, 31, 89, 149, 160, 169, 200, 204, 258, 284, 300
see also names of places
Iturius, 148, 149
Iullus Antonius, 80–1
Jacob of Voragine: Legenda Aurea, 271
Jamnia, 89
Jerome, 260, 261, 268, 286
Jerusalem, 162, 163, 166, 202, 264, 268, 269, 292, 306, 307–8
Church of the Ascension, 267, 306
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 269
Hasmonean Palace, 163
Mount of Olives, 267, 306
Temple, 161, 162, 166
Jesus Christ, 266, 267, 280
jewellery, 172–3, 282, 287
Jews, 160–1, 162–3, 166, 195, 202, 204, 219–20, 271
John (usurper), 300, 301, 302, 303, 304
John Chrysostom, 286, 291, 292, 304
John of Nikiu, 293
John the Evangelist, St, 297, 301
Johnson, Andrew, 8
Josephine Bonaparte, 4
Josephus, 161, 162
Jovian, 278
Judaea, 159, 160, 161, 167, 171, 175, 202, 204, 271
Judaism, 267–8
Judas Cyriacus, 271
Julia
birth, 26
childhood, 28, 51, 52–3
marr
ies Marcellus, 60
widowed, 61, 63
marries Agrippa, 64
home of (Villa Boscotrecase), 64–5
birth of children, 66
wit, 69
sexual infidelities, 69
popularity, 69–70
meets with disapproval of Augustus, 70, 71
widowed again, 72
marries Tiberius, 72–3
public status, 74
breakdown of marital relations, 74–5, 78
Augustus exasperated by behaviour of, 78–9
disowned by Augustus, 79–80
and allegations of sexual improprieties, 79
exiled, 80
and political plot against Augustus, 80–1
permitted to live in Regium, 81
never reconciled with Augustus, 81
disinherited, and not permitted to be buried in family mausoleum, 81
portraits, 81–2
death, 87
brief references, 3, 9, 46, 49, 58, 67, 94, 99, 104, 119, 181, 182, 286, 314
Julia Balbilla see Balbilla
Julia Domna see Domna
Julia Drusilla, 124
Julia Flavia, 170, 171, 177, 178, 179, 181–3, 184, 185–6, 191
Julia Livilla, 104, 116, 122, 124, 125–6, 129, 138
Julia Maesa see Maesa
Julia Mamaea see Mamaea
Julia Minor, 66, 81, 99
Julia Soaemias see Soaemias
Julian the Apostate, 266, 274, 278, 279
Julian laws (leges Iuliae), 67–8, 76, 168, 177
Julianus (Didius Julianus), 222, 223
Julio-Claudian dynasty, 12, 45–157, 166–7, 180, 186, 189, 191, 193
mausoleum (mausoleum of Augustus), 59, 61, 73, 81, 84, 114, 122, 165, 240
Julius Agrippa (father of Berenice), 96, 159–60, 161
Julius Agrippa (senator), 221
Julius Alexander, 222
Julius Avitus Alexianus, 227, 234
Julius Bassianus, 220
Julius Caesar, 11, 12–13, 22, 23, 26, 28, 34, 42, 45, 66, 79, 127
Julius Constantius, 274
Jung, Carl: Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 275
Junia Claudilla, 123
Junia Silana, 132, 148, 149
Juno, 93, 209, 232
Jupiter
Capitolinus, 202
temple, Rome, 265
Justa Grata Honoria see Honoria
Justin II, 314
Justina, 278, 279–80, 281, 282, 284
Justinian, 313
Justus, 162
Juvenal, 127, 128, 134, 172, 173, 179, 183
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 93
Lactantius, 257
Laeta, 286
Laetus, 222
Laocoön, 1
laurel, 32–3, 47
Leake, Colonel William, 263
leges Iuliae (Julian laws), 67–8, 76, 168, 177
Leo I, emperor, 313
Leo I, Pope, 309–10
Leontius, 299
Lepcis Magna, 98, 99, 115, 134, 219, 231, 232, 237
Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; triumvir), 11–12, 19, 23, 34, 37
Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; Drusilla’s ex-husband), 124
Lesbos, 66, 104, 203
Lex Voconia, 89, 177
Liarus, 95
Libanius, 296
Libya, 245
Licinia Eudoxia, 300, 302, 305, 306, 308, 313
Licinius, 257, 258, 262, 265
Lincoln, Mary, 8
Lipari, 233, 238
Livia
contrasting views about, 6
life prior to her marriage to Octavian (later Augustus), 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18–19, 22, 23, 25
marries Octavian, 26–8
and social events, 30, 31
house at Prima Porta, 31–3
and laurel, 32–3, 47
public image as wife of Augustus, 37–9, 40, 48–9, 50
honours granted to, 38–9
portraits, 40, 73, 92–3
Cleopatra seeks goodwill of, 44
receives no official title when Augustus comes to power, 45–6
and house on the Palatine, 47–8
lifestyle, 48–9, 50
staff, 49–50, 65
accompanies Augustus on tour of empire, 53–5
role, 54–6, 57–8, 74
marital relationship, 56–7
marriage with Augustus remains childless, 58
and death of Marcellus, 61–2
medical recipes, 62–3
relationship with Octavia, 63
and success of her sons, 75
and death of Drusus, 75–6
statues in recognition of her contribution as mother, 76
and public building projects in Rome, 76–8
and decision of Tiberius to withdraw to Rhodes, 78
and Tiberius’s return to Rome, 82
accompanies Augustus on his last journey, 83
and death of Augustus, 84–5
and will of Augustus, 88–9
role and prominence in reign of Tiberius, 88–94, 108
supervision of children’s upbringing, 95–6
letter from Augustus concerning Claudius, 96–7
and Claudius, 97, 98
relationship with Agrippina Maior, 104
friendship with Salome, 104–5
friendship with Urgulania, 105
and Plancina, 106, 107, 108, 117
and funeral of Germanicus, 109
deteriorating relationship with Tiberius, 88, 110–12
death and funeral, 113–14
deification vetoed by Tiberius, 114
continuing importance of, 114–15
fate of Agrippina after death of, 115–16
Tiberius’s reign worsens after death of, 117
deification, 115, 125
Claudius grants honours to, 125
brief references, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 35, 41, 60, 70, 80, 81, 87, 99, 127, 137, 138, 142, 144, 146, 165, 166, 170, 173, 176, 178, 189, 191, 193, 196, 198, 214, 218, 225, 232, 236, 238, 245, 249, 253, 268, 277, 279, 282, 286, 298, 308, 314
Livia Orestilla, 123
Livian family, 13, 28
Livilla, 75, 83, 94, 97, 100, 104, 109–10, 117–18, 120, 159, 311
Lochias, 50
Locusta, 142, 147
Lollia Paulina, 123, 131, 136, 141, 173
Lollia Saturnina, 131
London, 315
National Gallery, 271
Louis XIV, King, 158
Lucilla, 211, 212, 213, 215
Lucius (brother of Mark Antony), 19, 22, 36
Lucius (son of Julia), 66, 72–3, 74, 78, 82, 83
Lucius Aelius Lamia, 170
Lucius Aelius Sejanus see Sejanus
Lucius Calpurnius Piso, 105
Lucius Verus (Lucius Ceionius Commodus, later Lucius Aurelius Commodus), 204, 206, 210–11, 212, 213, 214
Lucretia, 20, 21, 22, 40, 46, 240, 259
Lucrine Lake, 31
Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem, 269
Macaulay, Catherine, 29
Macellum Liviae, 77