Book Read Free

The Riddle of Amish Culture

Page 45

by Donald B. Kraybill


  emphasis on local, 33, 108, 216, 280

  non-Amish, 270–72

  threats to, 46, 160, 267. See also civic involvement

  competition, 31, 176

  computers: prohibition of, 1, 2, 18, 115, 131, 136, 188, 256, 258, 298, 304, 312, 320

  use of, 246, 263, 298, 305. See also Internet

  confessions, 131–35, 315, 317

  kneeling, 131, 132, 133, 140, 189

  congregations. See church district

  conscientious objection, 102, 275–76, 313, 326. See also nonresistance

  consumerism, 319, 321, 323, 326, 329

  cornerball. See ballgames

  cosmetics, 43, 113

  cottage industries, 245, 260, 267. See also business; work

  Counsel Meetings, 126, 127

  courtship. See dating

  crafts, 13, 178, 240, 245, 269

  and individual expression, 34, 47

  and tourism, 287, 288, 290, 294

  credit cards, 126

  cultural bargaining, 23–24

  cultural capital, 29, 30, 142, 143, 144, 174, 176

  and business success, 257, 307–8

  and common good, 21, 31, 32, 52, 160

  defined, 20

  cultural values, 29–32, 38–43, 46–50, 52

  culture, 27–29, 31–32, 111, 112, 269, 330, 331

  dairy. See under farming

  dating, 145–47, 149

  deacons, 94, 95, 99, 118, 119, 120, 123, 128, 132

  death, 158–60. See also funerals

  Delegation for Common Sense Schooling, 165, 166, 167

  deviance, 52–53, 116–18, 131–34, 145–46, 184–87

  The Diary (monthly periodical), 56–57, 154

  Disaster Aid, 104

  disaster relief. See Amish Disaster Committee; Mennonite Central Committee

  districts. See church districts

  divorce, 82, 87, 88, 115, 136, 139, 325, 330

  Dordrecht Confession of Faith, 28, 117, 138

  dress. See clothing

  drugs, 53, 146, 184, 330

  Dunkards, 9

  Earle, George H., 164, 166

  education, 23, 109, 161–83, 317, 321, 322

  Amish support of public, 180, 327

  fear of, 173–74

  higher, 2, 26, 31, 162, 164, 258, 268, 305, 326, 328

  modern, as threat to community, 160, 238, 258, 315

  public, 161–68, 175, 176, 305. See also high schools; schools; schoolteachers

  electricity, 18, 54, 197–202

  “Amish,” 208–12

  ban on, 2, 26, 84, 136, 255, 263, 268, 312

  from batteries, 1, 77–78, 198, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207–8, 295, 296, 312

  and divisions, 15, 25, 96, 200

  from generators, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 233, 235, 253

  and inverters, 206–7, 210, 298, 315

  lighting with, 200, 202, 233

  and medical equipment, 114, 206

  from public utility lines, 1, 115, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207–8, 209, 212

  selective use of, 188, 190, 197–98, 210–12, 315

  engines: in dairy industry, 203–5, 296

  diesel, 201, 203–9, 233, 252, 296, 326

  and electricity, 201, 208, 209, 233

  gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315

  and horse-drawn machinery, 224, 229–32, 315

  steam, 222, 225

  English. See under language

  entrepreneurs. See businessmen

  equality, 109–10, 263, 266, 305, 317, 321

  of women, 82–86

  evangelism, 36–37, 38

  evolution, teaching of, 174, 178

  excommunication, 29, 92, 112, 134, 135–37, 315, 326

  bishops and, 94, 95, 182, 189

  reasons for, 88, 165, 241, 272, 275

  temporary, 133, 140. See also shunning

  family, 115, 258

  church authority over, 97, 121, 139–40

  emphasis on, 82, 87, 251, 304–5

  extended, 13, 81–82, 88–89, 90, 143, 147, 148, 277, 316, 325

  and factory work, 241–43

  male role in, 83, 242, 261

  size, 16, 33, 88, 261, 317

  farming, 10, 72, 109, 178

  Amish tradition of, 238–39

  and artificial insemination, 18, 269, 299, 313

  vs. business, 309–11

  children and, 163, 317

  dairy, 13, 18, 42, 113, 202–5, 229, 248, 313

  and family life, 47, 85–86, 239–40, 263

  organic, 248

  specialized, 203, 229. See also land

  farmland preservation, 249–50

  farm machinery, 230–32

  ban on barn cleaners, 235–36

  and electric welders, 202, 204, 206

  horse-drawn, 202, 222–24, 228–30, 237, 240, 255, 296, 300, 302, 304, 315

  milking equipment, 115, 202–5, 236, 313

  modern, 26, 223

  self-propelled, 230, 232, 237

  steel wheels on, 115, 222, 226, 229, 255, 296. See also tractors

  fasting, 127

  fiberglass, 45, 78

  finance: banks, 12, 270

  investments, 265, 267

  saving, 49, 102

  Fisher, Bishop David, 278

  fishing, 152, 153

  footwashing, 7, 43, 128, 140

  force, use of. See nonresistance

  Ford, Harrison, 281

  Ford, Henry, 215

  freedom: and choice, 320, 322, 324, 328–29

  and individualism, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331

  frolics, 12, 83, 89, 151, 156, 180, 260

  funerals, 90, 92, 94, 112, 139, 158–60, 329

  gangs, 82, 145–47. See also rumspringa

  Gelassenheit, 50, 76, 78, 98, 130, 160, 283

  and business, 53, 109–10, 308

  and confession, 134, 135

  defined, 29–32

  and faith, 36, 37

  as governing principle, 53, 79, 106, 275

  humility and, 40, 43, 121, 144, 272

  vs. individualism, 29, 37, 44, 49, 52, 123–25, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324

  and interaction with others, 34, 44, 57, 304, 305, 317

  and ordination of leaders, 125, 129

  organizational shape of, 80–82

  paradox of, 32–33

  and patient waiting, 52, 122, 277

  and personality, 33, 34

  slower pace of, 51, 217

  symbols of, 54–55

  values of, 31, 49, 52–53, 322

  gender roles, traditional, 82–83, 316, 322

  Glick, Isaac, 198–99

  golf, 152, 305

  government: subsidies from, 12, 250, 273, 279–80, 327

  view of, 160, 273. See also public officials; voting

  growth. See under Amish

  Handicap Gathering, 153–54

  hard hats, 67, 102, 276, 313

  Hartz, Moses, Jr., 188, 189, 190

  Hartz, Moses, Sr., 188, 189, 190

  hats. See under men

  health care, 90, 105–6, 156, 313, 317

  and electricity, 114, 206

  and immunization, 183, 271, 306. See also mental health

  Heifer Relief Sale, 158

  Helping Hand, 105

  high schools: attendance in, 96, 176, 182, 241, 322

  opposition to, 17, 47, 163, 166–67, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176

  holidays, 149–50

  holy kiss, 119, 128, 134

  horse culture, 73–74

  horses, 27, 43

  and Amish identity, 70, 72, 237

  driving, 70–72

  in the field, 227, 228, 231, 237

  as link with nature, 72–73

  plowing with, 33, 50, 116, 222, 223

  as symbols, 54, 55, 72, 232, 318

  vs. tractors, 73, 223, 224, 227

  travel on public roads, 73, 78, 150, 314, 326

  use of, 1, 12, 33, 315

 
work, 70, 71, 73, 115, 224. See also under farm machinery

  hospitalization. See Church Aid

  Hostetler, John, 92, 117

  humility, 29, 30, 31, 36, 40, 144

  and Amish worldview, 53, 162, 318

  and business, 254, 264, 265, 308

  education and, 174, 176, 178

  and footwashing, 32, 128

  and pride, 40–43, 123, 308

  as theme of church service, 120, 122, 124

  hunting, 152

  Hurricane Camille, 104, 158

  Hurricane Hugo, 158

  Hutterites, 12

  hydraulic power. See power, sources of

  idleness, 46–47

  imprisonment, 162, 168–71

  individualism, 3, 22, 305, 309, 330

  and cars, 216, 217

  and confession, 131, 135

  and freedom, 319, 321, 323, 328, 331

  vs. Gelassenheit, 29, 37, 44, 52, 125, 141, 317, 318, 323, 324

  and pride, 40–41

  industrialization, 2, 16, 19, 261, 320

  informality, 108–9

  insurance, 101–4, 155, 156, 242, 277, 325

  health, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327

  unemployment, 102, 183, 279–80, 314, 327

  Worker’s Compensation, 102, 183, 257, 273, 276, 279–80, 314. See also Social Security

  Intercourse, village of, 99, 104, 287

  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 278, 279, 280

  International Harvester Company, 222

  international relief projects. See Mennonite Central Committee

  Internet, 16, 19, 113–14, 126, 263, 312, 324

  inventions, 255

  Jefferson, Ralph T., 168

  Jesus Christ, 4, 6, 7, 28, 43, 134

  and Amish faith, 30, 32, 45, 47, 119, 138, 273

  death of, 32, 127

  and nonresistance, 265, 275

  jewelry, 43, 64, 115, 244

  Johnson, Lyndon B., 278

  jury duty, 31, 275

  King, Aaron, 166–67

  King, Moses, 223

  labor, 102, 103, 142–43, 148, 176, 263, 284–86. See also work

  Lancaster (Pa.), 276, 309

  Agricultural Preserve Board in, 249–50

  congregations in, 14–16

  farmland of, 11, 239, 240, 248–49

  Lancaster Farmland Trust, 249–50

  migration from, 243–44

  population of, 10, 16

  settlement in, 9–14, 16. See also affiliation: Old Order; tourism

  Lancaster County (Pa.), 10–17, 240–41, 284, 309

  land: preservation of, 239, 249–50

  scarcity of, 205, 240, 241, 243–44, 245, 290. See also farming

  language, 54

  and dialect of separation, 55–57

  English, 55–56, 57, 178, 190, 261–62. See also Pennsylvania German dialect

  lanterns, 17, 54, 77, 252, 295, 318

  lawn mowers, 83, 114–15, 299, 300, 303, 304, 306

  lawsuits, 31, 115, 131, 164, 265, 272

  leadership, 22, 23, 53, 94–95, 121, 128–31, 306. See also under bishops

  Lebanon County (Pa.), 217, 243

  Lord’s Prayer, 178

  Luther, Martin, 3, 136

  marriage, 83, 86, 87, 89, 115, 117, 176, 321. See also divorce; family; weddings

  martyrs, 30, 32, 57, 169, 173

  Martyrs Mirror, 5, 56, 57, 120, 137

  McGillis, Kelly, 281

  Medicaid, 273, 279, 327

  Medicare, 12, 103, 273, 278, 279, 327

  medicine. See health care

  meetinghouses, 25, 95–98

  Meidung. See shunning

  Members’ Meetings, 132

  men: beards and mustaches of, 8, 33, 63, 65, 68

  dress of, 63–70

  hair style of, 63, 65, 66, 67–68, 69, 90, 113

  hats of, 65, 66, 67, 69, 113, 115, 121

  as husbands, 83, 86

  roles of, 82–83, 92, 242, 261, 316, 322

  Mennonite Central Committee, 151, 157, 158

  Mennonite Disaster Service, 104, 157, 158

  Mennonites, 6, 10, 215, 241, 247

  clothing of, 16, 67

  divisions, 8, 9, 25, 96, 190

  farms of, 106, 224, 301

  Old Order, 15, 76, 84, 95, 105, 152, 156, 184, 228. See also Anabaptists

  Menno Simons, 6, 7–8

  mental health, 105, 154, 325

  microenterprises. See business; cottage industries

  migration of Amish, 9, 16–17, 243–44

  military service. See nonresistance

  Mills, Wilbur, 278

  ministers, 36, 39, 82, 122, 233, 315

  and casting of lots, 128, 130–31

  role of, 94–95, 99, 101, 117–18, 120, 121, 124, 127, 132. See also bishops; ordinations

  Ministers’ Meetings, 96, 98, 99, 126, 127, 297

  mirrors, 33

  modernity: of Amish, 3, 18, 52, 301, 312, 320–22

  vs. Amish wisdom, 319–32

  and homelessness, 319–20

  negotiating with, 23–24, 312–16, 317

  rejection of, 20, 21–23, 46. See also postmodernity

  modernization, 1, 18–20, 43, 51, 301

  and individualism, 29, 44, 309

  and negotiation, 21, 23–24, 312

  resistance to, 3, 21–23, 24, 316

  and separation, 19–20, 108, 175. See also worldliness

  Morton, Holmes, 105, 106

  music, 145, 303–4. See also singing

  mutual aid, 12, 97, 154–58, 273, 277, 315

  Mylin, Arthur, 172

  National Automobile Company, 214

  negotiation. See cultural bargaining

  New Order Amish. See under affiliation

  nicknames, 93

  nonconformity. See the world, separation from

  nonresistance, 31, 115, 275–76, 326, 327

  oaths of allegiance, 4, 6

  obedience, 29, 52, 53, 144, 178, 324

  and the church, 22, 30, 119, 120

  habit of, 38–39

  and salvation, 36, 37

  occupations. See work

  Old Order Amish. See under affiliation

  Old Order Book Society, 102, 181

  Old Order Mennonites. See Mennonites

  Olshan, Marc, 262, 328

  ordinations, 112, 125, 128–31, 140

  Ordnung, 112–16, 191, 218, 263, 299, 300, 310

  affirmation of, 126, 127, 237

  and baptism, 113, 116–19, 140

  and choice, 186–87

  compliance with, 130, 131, 264, 324

  defined, 112

  and electricity, 200, 205

  and excommunica- tion, 134, 136, 137

  and social change, 303–4

  violations of, 131, 213, 235. See also excommunication; shunning

  organic farming. See chemicals; farming

  organizational structure. See social structure

  organizations, 13, 101–6, 115, 271

  patriarchy, 82–83, 92

  Peachey Church, 191, 223

  and electricity, 199, 200, 215

  origin of, 25–26, 189–90, 191

  and telephone, 25, 191–92

  Pennsylvania Dutch. See Pennsylvania German dialect

  Pennsylvania German dialect, 13, 29, 115

  and Amish identity, 57, 96, 315, 316

  decline of, 261–62

  as symbol, 55, 56

  Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission (PUC), 219

  People’s Helpers, 105, 154

  photography, 3, 41, 244, 281, 283

  Pinecraft (Fla.), 89–90

  Pitts, Joseph R., 286

  Plain Communities Business Exchange (business newspaper), 56

  political involvement. See government; voting

  population. See under Amish

  postmodernity, 13–14, 311–12, 320

  power, sources of: air (pneumatic), 18, 201, 209–12, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 315


  gasoline, 45, 222, 224, 225, 229–32, 251, 295, 300, 315

  hydraulic, 18, 209, 211, 212, 252, 255, 258, 295, 296, 301, 304

  steam, 222, 225. See also electricity; engines

  prayer, 112, 115, 120, 124, 129, 140, 159

  pride, 42–43, 48, 49, 52, 53, 267, 293

  and the Bible, 40, 42

  education and, 174, 176

  and humility, 40–43, 123, 308

  and individualism, 40–41

  and publicity, 41, 42

  Product Liability Aid, 104

  professionals, use of, 1, 26, 90, 164, 272, 313

  Protestant Reformation, 3, 4

  publicity: avoidance of, 41–42, 116, 271–72, 280–84, 287, 294

  for businesses, 313, 323

  public officials: Amish as, 31, 271, 273, 302

  Amish relations with, 183, 257, 294

  puppy mill controversy, 284–85

  quilting parties, 89, 151

  quilts, 27, 245, 246, 269, 294

  radios, 115, 145, 195, 205, 254

  Reader’s Digest, 57

  recreation, 145–54, 152, 153, 305. See also ballgames

  Reist, Hans, 8

  religion, 37, 161, 239, 264, 321

  and civil law, 272–73

  education and, 175, 178

  reunions. See social capital: and circles of support

  ritual, 28, 111–12, 304, 315, 325

  rollerblades, 24, 45, 304, 312

  rumspringa (running-around years), 116, 145–47, 151, 185–87

  Safety Committee, 105

  salvation, 36, 37

  scholars. See childhood

  schools: Amish, 81, 106, 162, 176, 177–82, 267, 269, 297, 318

  compulsory attendance in, 162, 163, 165

  consolidation of public, 163, 164, 172, 175

  curriculum of, 13, 173, 174, 176

  East Lampeter Township controversy (1937), 164–68, 241, 275, 287

  elementary, 172, 173

  extending term for, 165, 183

  local control of, 162–63, 173, 320, 328

  one-room, 13, 108, 162, 164, 165, 167, 172, 173, 175, 177–76, 178, 271, 305

  Supreme Court, 1972 ruling on, 162, 183, 313

  vocational, 171–72, 314, 315. See also education; high schools

  schoolteachers, 84, 98, 176, 177, 180–81, 182, 280, 314

  certification of, 180, 183, 313

  qualifications of, 173, 180

  science, 31, 174, 178, 321, 324, 326, 327

  scooters, 213, 214, 302

  Scranton, William W., 282, 283

  self, 33, 36

  self-denial, 29, 30, 31

  separation from world. See the world, separation from

  sermons, 120, 122–23, 124, 126, 159

  settlement, defined, 13

  sex education, 174, 178

  sexual abuse, 53

  sexual relations, 131, 139

  shops. See business

  shunning, 15, 137–41

  and baptism, 116, 186

  and confession, 133, 189, 317

  and excommunication, 7–8, 39, 137, 189

  strict interpretation of, 25, 189, 190

 

‹ Prev