Coyote Warrior

by Paul Van Develder

  Edward O. Hale

  Eleanor Hale

  Leona Hale

  Aline Horn

  Bernice Mandan

  Mr. and Mrs. Ben Many Ribs

  Mr. and Mrs. Michael Mason

  Mr. and Mrs. Mark Necklace

  Wilson Packineau

  Charles Parshall

  Delores Parshall

  Paul Parshall

  Ruby Parshall

  Alice Prue

  Mr. and Mrs. Percy Rush

  Belle Smith

  Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Smith

  Dell Smith

  Dora Smith

  John Smith, Sr.

  Phoebe Smith

  Mr. and Mrs. Sam Smith

  Wayne Smith

  Mr. and Mrs. William Smith

  Mr. and Mrs. George Spotted Wolf

  Pete Spotted Wolf

  Sterling Spotted Wolf

  Adlai Stevenson

  Caroline Stevenson

  Mr. and Mrs. Rufus Stevenson

  Wilbur Stevenson

  Mary Two Crow

  Sadie Two Shields

  Ira Waters

  Mr. and Mrs. Herbert White Owl

  George Wolf, Sr.

  Margaret Wolf

  Rachel Wolf

  Warren Wolf

  Fannie Young Bird

  Joseph Young Bird

  Frank Young Wolf

  Leo Young Wolf

  RESIDENTS OF RED BUTTE

  Minnie BearGhost

  Blanche Benson

  Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Benson

  Clayton Bull

  Duane Bull

  Jessie Bull

  Julia Bull

  Mildred Bull

  Miriam Bull

  Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Chase

  Frank Chase

  Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Eagle

  Joseph Eagle

  Rose Fournier

  Adolph Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Ben Fredericks

  Mr. and Mrs. Emory Fredericks

  Lorraine Gayton

  Mattie Grinnell

  Mr. and Mrs. Amos Holding Eagle

  Anna Holding Eagle

  Mr. and Mrs. James Holding Eagle

  Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Holding Eagle

  Naomi Holding Eagle

  Agnes Holen

  Eloise Johnson

  Albert Little Owl

  Ralph Little Owl

  Mr. and Mrs. David Little Swallow, Sr.

  Mark Mahto

  Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Medicine Stone

  Mr. and Mrs. Delbert Nagle

  John Nagle, Jr.

  John Nagle, Sr.

  Caroline Pleets

  Mr. and Mrs. Sylvan Sage

  Herbert Sitting Crow

  Mr. and Mrs. John Sitting Crow

  Sally Sitting Crow

  Joanna Stops

  Viola Wilson

  RESIDENTS OF CHARGING EAGLE

  Mr. and Mrs. Sam Bad Gun

  Charity Benson

  Christine Benson

  Edwin Benson

  Frank Benson, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. Frank Benson, Sr.

  Mr. and Mrs. John Benson

  Charles Burr

  Mr. and Mrs. Richard Crows Heart

  Mr. and Mrs. Roy Crows Heart

  Flora Demaray

  Gabriella DuBois

  Annie Eagle

  John Fredericks, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. John Fredericks, Sr.

  Kenneth Fredericks

  Wilhelmina Fredericks

  Ailsa Gwin

  Duveen Keene

  Mr. and Mrs. Sam Lincoln

  Gertrude Sillitti

  Mr. and Mrs. John Stone

  Mary Whiteman

  Oscar Whiteman

  Quentin Whiteman, Jr.

  Lois Whitman

  Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo Young Bear

  Frank Young Bear

  Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Young Bear

  Vivian Young Bear

  RESIDENTS OF NISHU DISTRICT

  Mary Bateman

  Robert Bear, Sr.

  Pete Beauchamp

  Lizzie Bedell

  Josephine Blue Earth

  Bernard Breuer

  Margaret Breuer

  Peter Breuer

  Mr. and Mrs. Sam Dancing Bull

  Delores Deane

  Kenneth Deane

  Mr. and Mrs. William Deane, Jr.

  Dora Deegan

  Gardner Deegan

  Marmie Deegan

  Mr. and Mrs. Felix Dickens

  Mr. and Mrs. Clair Everett

  Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Everett

  Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Everett

  Elizabeth Felix

  Mr. and Mrs. Louis Felix

  Grace Flute

  Alfreda Fox

  Ernest Fox

  Esther Fox

  Frank Fox, Sr.

  Fred Fox

  George Fox

  Hannah Fox

  Isaac Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. John Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Nick Fox

  Redmond Fox

  Mr. and Mrs. Robert Fox

  Sidney Fox

  Wilbert Fox, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. Evan Gillette

  Mary Gillette

  Larry Goodall

  Arlene Gullickson

  Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Hand

  Mr. and Mrs. Wallace Hand

  Mr. and Mrs. Ben Heart

  Frank Heart

  Mr. and Mrs. Archie Hopkins

  Mr. and Mrs. Dan Hopkins

  Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Hopkins

  Mildred Hopkins

  Susie Hopkins

  Mr. and Mrs. Ambrose Hosie

  Mr. and Mrs. Everett Hosie

  Lottie Hosie

  Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Howard

  George Howard, Jr.

  Carroll Howling Wolf

  Mr. and Mrs. Dan Howling Wolf

  Terry Howling Wolf

  George Lewis, Jr.

  Lena Malnourie

  Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Malnourie

  Clara Packineau

  Alice Painte

  Mr. and Mrs. Davis Painte

  Marvin Painte

  Nora Painte

  Mr. and Mrs. Orville Painte

  Robert Painte

  Elizabeth Perkins

  Esther Perkins

  Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Perkins

  Lorraine Perkins

  Regina Perkins

  Mr. and Mrs. Sybert Perkins

  Rose Pfliger

  Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Plenty Chief

  Mr. and Mrs. Walter Plenty Chief

  Helen Price

  Andrew Reed

  Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Reed

  Ella Ripley

  Gladys Ripley

  Jackson Ripley

  Mr. and Mrs. Perry Ross

  Mr. and Mrs. Philip Ross

  Winnie Seminole

  Abbie Shell

  Roger Shell

  Albert Simpson

  Quentin Simpson, Jr.

  Eugene Spotted Horse

  Mamie Spotted Horse

  Esther Star

  McRoy Star

  Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Star

  Theresa Star

  Woodrow Star

  Ruth Taylor

  Mr. and Mrs. Levi Waters

  Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Wells

  Mr. and Mrs. Eugene White, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. Eugene White, Sr.

  Mr. and Mrs. John White

  Lena White

  Rhoda White

  Robert White

  Cynthia White Arm

  Alton White Bear

  Donald White Bear

  Mr. and Mrs. Matthew White Bear, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. Matthew White Bear, Sr.

  Myron White Bear

  Pauline White Bear

  William White Bear

  Albert White Calf, Jr.

  Albert White Calf, Sr
.

  Lois White Calf

  Mr. and Mrs. Oscar White Calf

  Mr. and Mrs. Byron Wilde

  John Wilkinson, Jr.

  Ignatius Winans

  Nellie Yellow Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Willard Yellow Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Delancy Yellow Face

  Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Yellow Face

  Mr. and Mrs. Ben Young Bird

  RESIDENTS OF INDEPENDENCE

  Clement Baker

  Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Baker

  Ellen Baker

  Gail Baker

  Lawrence Baker

  Mr. and Mrs. Philip Baker

  Ted Baker

  Mr. and Mrs. Owen Beaks

  Martha Bell

  Maureen Bell

  Nora Bell

  Mr. and Mrs. William Bell

  Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bird Bear

  Mr. and Mrs. Solomon Bird Bear

  Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Bird Bear

  Priscilla Bird Day

  Mr. and Mrs. Edward Black Hawk

  Frederick Black Hawk

  Geraldine Black Hawk

  Mr. and Mrs. Kingdon Black Hawk

  Rita Black Hawk

  George Buffalo

  Mr. and Mrs. Ted Buffalo

  Christine Burr

  Mr. and Mrs. Newton Burr

  Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Burr

  Albert Charging

  Mr. and Mrs. David Charging

  Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Charging

  Mr. and Mrs. Francis Charging

  Susie Charging

  Mr. and Mrs. Evan Finley

  Mr. and Mrs. Charles Fredericks

  Mr. and Mrs. Ben Good Bird

  Donald Good Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Emory Good Bird

  Isabelle Good Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. John Good Bird

  Marcella Good Bird

  Mildred Good Bird

  Patricia Good Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Good Bird

  Benjamin Grinnell

  Sarah Gwin

  Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Hale

  Maggie Hale

  Trilby Hale

  Freida Hall

  Mr. and Mrs. William Hall

  Basil Hunts Along

  Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Hunts Along

  Martin Levings

  Jack Lone Fight, Jr.

  Lois Lone Fight

  Mary Lone Fight

  Roderick Lone Fight

  Mr. and Mrs. Ted Lone Fight

  Thad Mason

  Primrose Morgan

  Elmer Rush

  Mr. and Mrs. Robert Rush

  Mr. and Mrs. James Smith

  May Smith

  Mildred Smith

  Phillip Snow

  Mr. and Mrs. Alton Standish

  Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Standish

  Mr. and Mrs. Leo Standish

  Polly Standish

  Gladys Turner

  Mr. and Mrs. Hans Walker

  Melvin Walker

  Reba Walker

  Tillie Walker

  Robert Walks

  Job White Calf

  Mr. and Mrs. Arnold White Eagle

  Mr. and Mrs. Frank White Owl

  Jessie White Owl

  Josephine White Owl

  Mabel White Owl

  Mr. and Mrs. Richard White Owl

  Mr. and Mrs. Simon White Owl

  Geraldine Wounded Face

  Joseph Wounded Face, Jr.

  William Wounded Face

  Julia Wound Face

  George Yellow Wolf

  Mr. and Mrs. John Yellow Wolf

  Celina Young Bear

  Clifford Young Bear

  Mr. and Mrs. Curtis Young Bear

  David Young Bear

  George Young Bear

  Pearl Young Bear

  Victor Young Bear

  Lucy Young Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Matt Young Bird

  RESIDENTS OF LUCKY MOUND

  Fred Baker

  Gerard Baker

  Paige Baker

  Mr. and Mrs. Paige Baker

  Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Bear

  Florence Berryhill

  Austin Beston

  Francis Beston

  Gertrude Beston

  Ida Beston

  John Beston

  Mr. and Mrs. Finley Blake

  Julia Bluestone

  Mr. and Mrs. Tom Bluestone

  Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bracklin

  Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Brugh

  Margaret Brugh

  Duane Charging

  Grace Charging

  Kenneth Charging

  Rose Charging

  Adrian Foote

  George Foote, Jr.

  Mr. and Mrs. George Foote, Sr.

  Mr. and Mrs. Jim Foote

  Alfreda Goodiron

  Charles Grinnell

  Mr. and Mrs. David Grinnell

  Grace Grinnell

  Mr. and Mrs. Lee Hall

  Margaret Harney

  Flora Irwin

  Mr. and Mrs. John Irwin

  Laura Irwin

  Louis Irwin

  Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lone Fight

  Adam Mandan

  Anna Mandan

  Richard Mandan

  Rita Mandan

  RoseMarie Mandan

  May Packineau

  Mr. and Mrs. John Rabbithead

  Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Rabbithead

  Stephen Rabbithead

  Richard Smith

  Mr. and Mrs. Charles Snow

  Dennis Snow

  Mr. and Mrs. Tom Spotted Wolf

  Mr. and Mrs. Bill Wells

  Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Wells

  Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Wells, Jr.

  Ralph Wells, Sr.

  Reginald Wells

  Mr. and Mrs. Valentine Wells

  Bertha White Body

  Izora White Body

  Mr. and Mrs. John White Body, Jr.

  John White Body, Sr.

  Malcolm White Body

  Mamie White Body

  Mary White Body

  Sidney White Body

  Mr. and Mrs. Timothy White Body

  Henry Young Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Herman Young Bird

  Leroy Young Bird

  Philomena Young Bird

  Mr. and Mrs. Tom Young Bird

  APPENDIX C

  1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie (Horse Creek)

  Articles of a treaty made and concluded at Fort Laramie, in the Indian Territory, between D. D. Mitchell, superintendent of Indian affairs, and Thomas Fitzpatrick, Indian agent, commissioners specially appointed and authorized by the President of the United States, of the first part, and the chiefs, headmen, and braves of the following Indian nations, residing south of the Missouri River, east of the Rocky Mountains, and north of the lines of Texas and New Mexico, viz, the Sioux or Dahcotahs, Cheyennes, Arrapahoes, Crows, Assinaboines, Blackfoot, Piegans, Gros-Ventre [Hidatsa], Mandans, and Arrickaras, parties of the second part, on the seventeenth day of September, A.D., one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

  This treaty, as signed (with an amendment changing the annuity from fifty to ten years), was ratified by the United States Senate in 1853. In all subsequent agreements “this treaty has been recognized [by the United States Supreme] Court as in force.”

  ARTICLE 1. The aforesaid nations, parties to this treaty, having assembled for the purpose of establishing and confirming peaceful relations amongst themselves, do hereby covenant and agree to abstain in future from all hostilities whatever against each other, to maintain good faith and friendship in all their mutual intercourse, and to make an effective and lasting peace.

  ARTICLE 2. The aforesaid nations do hereby recognize the right of the United States Government to establish roads, military and other posts, within their respective territories.

  ARTICLE 3. In consideration of the rights and privileges acknowledged in the preceding article, the United States bind themselves to protect the aforesaid Indian nations against the commission of
all depredations by the people of the said United States, after the ratification of this treaty.

  ARTICLE 4. The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby agree and bind themselves to make restitution or satisfaction for any wrongs committed, after the ratification of this treaty, by any band or individual of their people, on the people of the United States, whilst lawfully residing in or passing through their respective territories.

  ARTICLE 5. The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby recognize and acknowledge the following tracts of country, included within the metes and boundaries hereinafter designated, as their respective territories, viz:

  The territory of the Sioux or Dahcotah Nation, commencing the mouth of the White Earth River, on the Missouri River; thence in a southwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River; thence up the north fork of the Platte River to a point known as the Red Butte, or where the road leaves the river; thence along the range of mountains known as the Black Hills, to the head-waters of Heart River; thence down the Heart River to its mouth; and thence down the Missouri River to the place of beginning.

  The territory of the Gros Ventre, Mandans, and Arrickaras Nations, commencing at the mouth of Heart River; thence up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Yellowstone River; thence up the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Powder River in a southeasterly direction, to the head-waters of the Little Missouri River; thence along the Black Hills to the head of Heart River, and thence down Heart River to the place of beginning.

  The territory of the Assinaboin Nation, commencing at the mouth of Yellowstone River; thence up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Muscle-shell River; thence from the mouth of the Muscle-shell River in a southeasterly direction until it strikes the head-waters of Big Dry Creek; thence down that creek to where it empties into the Yellowstone River, nearly opposite the mouth of Powder River, and thence down the Yellowstone River to the place of beginning.

  The territory of the Blackfoot Nation, commencing at the mouth of Muscle-shell River; thence up the Missouri River to its source; thence along the main range of the Rocky Mountains, in a southerly direction, to the head-waters of the northern source of the Yellowstone River; thence down the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Twenty-five Yard Creek; thence across to the head-waters of the Muscle-shell River, and thence down the Muscle-shell River to the place of beginning.

  The territory of the Crow Nation, commencing at the mouth of Powder River on the Yellowstone; thence up Powder River to its source; thence along the main range of the Black Hills and Wind River Mountains to the head-waters of the Yellowstone River; thence down the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Twenty-five Yard Creek; thence to the head waters of the Muscle-shell River; thence down the Muscle-shell River to its mouth; thence to the head-waters of Big Dry Creek, and thence to its mouth.

  The territory of the Cheyennes and Arrapahoes, commencing at the Red Bute, or the place where the road leaves the north fork of the Platte River; thence up the north fork of the Platte River to its source; thence along the main range of the Rocky Mountains to the head-waters of the Arkansas River; thence down the Arkansas River to the crossing of the Santa Fé road; thence in a northwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River, and thence up the Platte River to the place of beginning.