Deception
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10 ‘Records show alleged Russian spy graduated from York’ Ylife 5 July 2010 http://www.yorku.ca/ylife/index.asp?Article=3260
11 Scenarios for Success: Turning Insights into Action (John Wiley & Sons, 2007). Heathfield’s chapter can be downloaded here http://www.futuremap.com/Portals/56527/docs/book%20chapter-%20don%20heathfield-fm%2070124.pdf
12 Interview with the author, February 2011.
13 Interview with the author, February 2011. For reasons of commercial confidentiality, this source wishes to remain anonymous.
14 http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=24934901 Another of the spies, Cindy Murphy, had a LinkedIn profile but has not updated it. http://www.linkedin.com/pub/cindy-murphy-cfp%C2%AE/10/a27/6a6
15 Interview with the author, 1 March 2011.
16 Appendix B (p.61–63) includes a couple of screenshots of the software. http://www.forwardengagement.org/storage/forwardengagement/documents/fall_2006_final_report.pdf
17 The intern, then aged 20, was one of Leon Fuerth’s students. I have withheld his name at his request. His main job was to input data into the software, such as forecasts for China’s growth. He resigned when Heathfield declined to accept his suggestions for improving the software. Nobody from the FBI has contacted him, or Mr Glenn (who still has a copy of the software), or four of Heathfield’s other associates that I tracked down during research for this book.
18 Interview with the author, March 2011.
19 Heathfield, p. 19.
20 Email to the author 25 February 2011. Mr Fuerth adds: ‘Forward Engagement is in any event not a business, but a concept I have used for teaching and also for advocating a closer integration of foresight processes and public policy-making. All elements of Forward Engagement are to be found at www.forwardengagement.org.’
21 See paras 79a and 79c in http://www.justice.gov/opa/documents/62810complaint2.pdf
22 Interview with the author, 23 February 2011. For more details of Techcast, see www.techcast.com
23 http://www.soft-technology.org/html/menu/about-us-en.html
24 www.chinagreenfuture.com
25 Email to the author, 22 February, 2011.
26 ‘Anticipatory leadership’ http://www.fccsingapore.com/fileadmin/template/images/news/Future%20Map_AnticipatoryLeadership_FCCS91118.pdf
27 http://myfuturemap.com/Donald_G4S.html
28 Global Partners declined to respond to requests for comment about Heathfield’s time there.
29 Interview with the author, 1 March 2011.
30 Who wishes to remain anonymous – in itself a telling sign of the climate in Russia.
31 The best biography of Harold Adrian Russell (‘Kim’) Philby is Philby: KGB Masterspy by Phillip Knightley (André Deutsch, 2003).
7 THE NEW ILLEGALS
1 http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=21028567 It now lists him just as ‘Mikhail’ to non-subscribers.
2 Complaint 1, Para 8.
3 For an account of Semenko’s activities at a think-tank meeting, see ‘My spy story – Washington Times writer meets Putin’s agent’ by James Robbins, Washington Times, 30 June 2010 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jun/30/my-spy-story/
4 His book on the subject is Secret Empire: KGB in Russia Today (Westview Press Inc, 1994).
5 For salacious coverage of Ms Chapman, it is hard to beat the former British Sunday tabloid the News of the World. Its website no longer works, but the story from 5 July 2010 called ‘Mile High Sex Games with My Spy in the Sky’ is available at http://patdollard.com/2010/7/naked-pictures-of-sexy-russian-spy/
6 http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=26221285
7 A rough cut of a television interview with Ms Chapman can be seen here http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2010/7/1/russian-spy-suspect-anna-chapman-exclusive-video-beauty-talks-about-uk-links-115875-22373084/#ixzzsRiPh5Nm
8 I have seen extensive email correspondence between Ms Chapman and a potential investor in her company, who has asked me not to identify him in order to uphold the implicit commercial confidentiality of the exchanges.
9 http://www.scribd.com/doc/33836446/NYC-Rentals-Business-Pitch
10 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=js_6-UwdkyU
11 www.elliotsblog.com/domain-investor-connection-to-alleged-russian-spy-4992
12 ‘Red-hot beauty Anna Chapman snared in Russia “spy” ring’ by Bruce Golding, Andy Soltis and Cathy Burke, NYPOST.com, 29 June 2010 http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/spy_ring_qzWW8bImf9yEDTbtXcQnUL
13 The FBI in October 2011 released some surveillance footage of the meeting: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7-SCKuvxqo
14 An English version of the story is available at http://www.sovlit.com/miltarysecret/militarysecret1.html
15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVpqiRD_fCA
16 103 Gibson Gardens, London N16 7HD.
17 Quoted in ‘Anna Chapman: Diplomat’s daughter who partied with billionaires’ by Amelia Hill, Rajeev Syal, Luke Harding and Paul Harris, Guardian, 1 July 2010 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/30/anna-chapman-russian-spy-ring
18 The claim is examined at ‘Here’s The Real Role Anna Chapman Actually Had At The Hedge Fund Navigator’ by Courtney Comstock, 1 July 2010 http://www.businessinsider.com/anna-chapman-navigator-asset-management-advisors-nicholas-camilleri-2010-7
19 ‘Agent Anna the Man Hunter: London flatmate reveals how she and Russian spy used sex to prey on string of oligarchs who were enemies of Kremlin bosses’ by Richard Pendlebury, Daily Mail, 25 September 2010. The story implies that Ms Chapman had an intimate relationship with a fugitive Russian oligarch, and that she was separately in contact with Mr Berezovsky.
20 ‘Security services “foil plot to kill Berezovsky at the London Hilton”’ by Richard Beeston, The Times, 18 July 2007 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2094719.ece
21 08 HARARE 1016, REGIME ELITES LOOTING DEADLY DIAMOND FIELD http://213.251.145.96/cable/2008/11/8HARARE1016.html
22 The only company Lindi Sharpe was associated with was called Nexgen Builders, dissolved in 2002. She was company secretary; the sole director was her daughter, Rychelle Sharpe.
23 Some news reports have described Southern Union as a charity. It is not registered on the UK Charity Commission website. The companies mentioned here have no connection with Southern Union Money Transfer Ltd of Dagenham, established in 2011.
24 ‘Redhead Russian spy linked to money smuggling ring’ by Barbara Jones (pseudonym), Daily Mail, 18 July 2010 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1295606/Redhead-spy-linked-UK-money-smuggling-ring.html
25 I have talked extensively to Mr Sugden. For an example of the media coverage, see ‘MI5 probes link between Russian spy and Zimbabwean businessman’ by Daniel Boffey, Daily Mail, 4 July 2010 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1291828/MI5-probe-links-Russian-spy-Anna-Chapman-mysterious-Zimbabwean-businessman.html
‘Caught up in a spy ring scandal’ by Mary Harris, 9 July 2010 http://www.thisiskent.co.uk/news/Caught-spy-ring-scandal/article-2394123-detail/article.html A possibly related company with a similar name was dissolved on 8 November 2005.
26 www.hi5.com/friend/p41744008—sugden+steven—html (defunct). In order to try to exclude him from the story, I contacted all the friends listed on the social-networking site. One replied, confirming that Sugden existed. The others did not answer.
27 http://namesdatabase.com/people/SUGDEN/STEVEN/14248266 (defunct)
28 Southern Union Money Transfers Limited was incorporated on 19 August 2003. It was also registered at a misspelled address, 3 Gold Street Muse [sic], Northampton.
29 ‘Russia’s Anna Inc’ by Owen Matthews and Anna Nemtsova, Newsweek, 21 February 2011, http://www.newsweek.com/2011/2/13/russia-s-anna-inc.html
30 Described as a ‘new Mercader’ in a reference to Ramon Mercader who murdered Leon Trotsky with an icepick in Mexico in 1940. See http://rusinfotoday.com/news/kto-sdal-rossijskuyu-zvezdu-annu-chepmen.php/#more-1253
31 Volgogradskyi musikant napisal pensyu o
b Anne Chapman (‘Volgograd musician writes song about Anna Chapman’) http://v1.ru/newsline/302348.html
8 THE COCKPIT OF EUROPE
1 A brief list would include the First World War, during which the front line ran through the territory of what later became Latvia, displacing around a third of the population; Bolshevik-backed insurrections in Estonia and Latvia, both put down by armed force; the Russian civil war; the rise and fall of the German Landeswehr and Freikorps; a communist insurrection in Estonia in 1924; the Soviet occupations of 1940 and 1944; the intervening Nazi invasion; and a decade-long partisan war. A definitive history has yet to be written, but I recommend The Baltic States: the Years of Dependence by Romualdas Misiūnas and Rein Taagepera (Hurst & Co., 1993).
2 Kremlin propaganda presents all opponents of the Soviet Union during the war and after as ipso facto ‘fascists’, ‘war criminals’, and perpetrators of the Holocaust. The vast majority of the Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians who fought the Red Army did so not as Nazi sympathisers but because they wanted their countries’ freedom. Westerners wrongly hold faraway peoples to a much higher standard than they apply to themselves. The atrocious treatment of Jews (and others) by Nazi collaborators in places like Lithuania rightly attracts condemnation. But it must be proportionate to the blame applied to (among others) Flemish, Dutch, Danish, French and Norwegian collaborators, whose countries were lucky enough not to end up in Soviet hands after the war. Hitler’s killers found willing henchmen in every occupied country and among every nationality (not least among Russians).
It is particularly unfair to argue, as did Gordon Brown, the former British prime minister, that ‘unlike in Germany, Lithuanian society has never gone through a period of reconciliation and repentance of its Nazi past’. Lithuania was not willingly part of Hitler’s monstrous empire. It suffered huge human and material losses at the hands of its German occupiers. For someone writing from the comfort and safety of a country that has not been invaded for nearly a millennium, to lecture a country that experienced hardship on a scale unimaginable to any modern British citizen is not just patronising, it is outrageous. Placed under foreign occupation, people will collaborate, either to save their own skins, or out of opportunism, or to protect family members, or perhaps because they think they are choosing the lesser of two evils. ‘Women of courage: Rachel Margolis’ by Gordon Brown, Independent, 9 March 2011 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/women-of-courage-rachel-margolis-2236081.html See also Nazi/Soviet Disinformation about the Holocaust in Latvia by Andrew Ezergailis (Occupation Museum, Riga, Latvia, 2005).
3 The first in the series is Swallows and Amazons, set in the Lake District in northern England. Subsequent books are set in the Norfolk Broads; near Shotley in East Anglia; in the Outer Hebrides; and (in two more fancifully written books) on the coast of China and in the Caribbean. Close scrutiny of the text reveals many clues to Ransome’s past. I was rereading the entire canon (out loud to my daughter Izzy) during the writing of this book, and (I beg the indulgence of readers here) found the stories to be full of clandestine infiltrations and exfiltrations, deception operations, escapes, pursuits, surveillance, codes, disguises and what the children call ‘Indianing’ and ‘sleuthing’. A short list would include: Titty’s surveillance of the burglars in Swallows and Amazons; Nancy and Peggy’s escapes from the Great Aunt in Swallowdale; the use of Bill the cabin boy as an unwilling surveillance agent in Peter Duck; the use of codes in Winter Holiday; Tom Dudgeon’s evasion of the Hullaballoos’ pursuit in Coot Club; the use of clandestine photography and a dangle in the Big Six; the deception of the Dutch harbour pilot in We Didn’t Mean to Go to Sea; the kidnapping of Bridget in Secret Water; the escape in Missee Lee; the elaborate and misguided surveillance operation against the hapless Timothy in Pigeon Post; the burglary and close cover operation in The Picts and the Martyrs; and the elaborate deception, disguise and surveillance operations mounted against the sinister Mr Jemmerling in Great Northern.
4 The best is The Red Web: MI6 and the KGB Master Coup (Aurum Press, 1989) and a film of the same name, broadcast on the BBC’s ‘Inside Story’. Perhaps because the other events of that year were so dramatic, Tom Bower’s extraordinary scoop did not receive the attention that it should have done. I am deeply grateful for his exemplary and generous help, including access to his meticulous original notebooks.
5 MI6 : the History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909 –1949, by Keith Jeffery (Bloomsbury, 2010).
6 A microfilmed copy of the agency’s records was kept in the basement of Stig Synnergren, later head of the Swedish defence forces, in his home at Tullinge outside Stockholm, and was returned to defence ministry custody in 1997. As the researcher Jonas Öhman notes, this could be ‘perceived as symbolic in terms of the official attitude in Sweden to its post-war history’. See ‘A Review of Western Intelligence Reports Regarding the Lithuanian Resistance’, published as an afterword in a revised and updated edition of Forest Brothers, an Account of an Anti-Soviet Freedom Fighter, by Juozas Lukša (Central European University Press, Budapest, 2009), p. 393.
7 The original suggestion was for it to be headquartered in Oslo or Stockholm. The Swedish capital would remain important for SIS but proved too far from the action. Jeffery, p. 135.
8 Churchill’s Man of Mystery: Desmond Morton and the World of Intelligence (Government Official History Series) by Gill Bennett (Routledge, 2006) p. 42. She also notes the development of the SIS doctrine that spying is best done from a neighbouring country to the one being spied on.
9 See Die Geschichte der baltischen Staaten (Deutsche Taschenbuch Verlag, 1990) by Georg von Rauch; in English as The Baltic States: The Years of Independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 1917 –1940 (St Martin’s Press, 1995). Another warring party in Estonia and Latvia was a powerful German army marooned in the east by the collapse of the Kaiser’s empire at the end of the war, which was trying to create a ‘Teutonic superstate’ in the east, in which German feudal hegemony over the region would survive. Though the northern Baltic provinces had been part of the Russian empire, they had been ruled by a powerful caste of Baltic German barons, the distant descendants of the medieval Teutonic Knights. Their rule and riches were deeply resented and they were soon to suffer the expropriation of much of their property in land reforms. The feudal era ended only in the mid nineteenth century; for Estonia and Latvia the era when serfs had to struggle even for literacy and the right to a surname was a bitter living memory. In Lithuania, books and newspapers in the Latin alphabet were forbidden under Tsarist Russification policies.
Adding a further dimension of complexity (and vulnerability) was a fierce conflict between Poland and Lithuania over the ancient city of Vilnius (Wilno in Polish). Once the historical capital of the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it had become predominantly Polish in the intervening centuries. Barely had Lithuania declared independence than in 1920 a Polish military force seized Vilnius. The two countries froze relations for twenty years, and the issue plagues their ties to this day.
10 In 2005 Mr Putin, answering a question from an Estonian journalist about Russia’s unwillingness to apologise for the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, referred to it thus:
As I see it, in 1918, Russia and Germany did a deal . . . under which Russia handed over part of its territories to German control. This marked the beginning of Estonian statehood. In 1939, Russia and Germany did another deal and Germany handed these territories back to Russia. In 1939, they were absorbed into the Soviet Union. Let us not talk now about whether this was good or bad. This is part of history. I think that this was a deal, and small countries and small nations were the bargaining chips in this deal. Regrettably, such was the reality of those times, just as there was the reality of European countries’ colonial past, or the use of slave labour in the United States [. . .] If the Baltic states had already been absorbed into the Soviet Union in 1939, then the Soviet Union could not occupy them in 1945 because they had already become part of its territory
.
The video of the press conference, after the EU–Russia summit on 10 May 2005, where he responds to the Estonian journalist Astrid Kannel, can be seen here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32X_FxR4KZg. An English transcript can be found here http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2005/5/10/2030_type82914type82915_88025.shtml. I have slightly amended the translation.
11 ‘From being accessories to military operations in 1914, they had become major players in the survival and destruction of states.’ From Dances in Deep Shadow by Michael Occleshaw (Constable, 2006) p. 309.
12 Ibid, p. 7.
13 The Eyes of the Navy by Admiral Sir William James (Methuen & Co., 1955) p. 177.
14 The Quest for C by Alan Judd (Harper Press paperback edn, 2000) p. 434.
15 The ‘intervention’, as it is known, involved fourteen foreign countries in all. An Anglo-American force, with French, Canadian and White Russian elements, attacked from Archangel. A French-led force, with Polish and Greek soldiers, supported General Deniken in southern Russia. Japanese, American, Czechoslovak and other troops fought alongside the Admiral Kolchak’s forces in Siberia. ‘Dunsterforce’ comprising Australian, British, and Canadian troops under General Lionel Dunsterville (the original ‘Stalky’ from Kipling’s ‘Stalky & Co.’) pushed north from Persia and occupied Baku. See among other works The Adventures of Dunsterforce (London, 1920) by Major-General L. C. Dunsterville C.B.
16 I first saw this poster in the excellent Civil War exhibition in the municipal history museum in Khabarovsk. The transliterated Russian reads as follows
Moi russkie druzya! Ya Anglichanin. Vo imya nashevo obshago soyuznago dela, proshu vas, eshche nemnogo proderzhites takimi molodtsami, kakimi vyi byili vsegda. Ya dostavlyal i eshche bezgranichno dostavlyu vse, chto vam budet nuzhno, i samoye glavnoye, dostavlyu vam noviye oruzhie, kotoroye istrebit etikh otvratitelnykh krovozhadnyikh krasnykh chudovisch.
17 Iron Maze by the former British intelligence officer Gordon Brook-Shepherd (Pan paperback edn, 1998), p. 103. The author draws heavily on Orlov’s then unpublished memoir. Orlov had earlier compiled an in-house history of the affair for the NKVD. Brook-Shepherd also had access to the early part of the private memoirs of Harry Carr. These are still classified and in the hands of SIS. Orlov’s book was subsequently published as The March of Time, edited by Philip Knightley (St Ermin’s Press, 2004). The same material quoted by Brook-Shepherd is found on p. 124 onwards. Orlov’s reliability has been questioned by, among others, Boris Volodarsky. But I do not find it plausible that he would have invented the entire affair.