The First American Army

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by Bruce Chadwick


  Huntington, Jedediah. Connecticut Historical Society.

  Valley Forge Historical Park Collection, Valley Forge.

  Newspapers

  Boston Gazette, 1781.

  Freeman’s Journal, 1777.

  Jersey Journal, 1780.

  London Chronicle, 1777.

  New Jersey Gazette, 1778.

  New York Gazette, 1775–1778.

  New York Packet, 1783.

  Pennsylvania Evening Post, 1776.

  Pennsylvania Journal, 1775–1777.

  Virginia Gazette, 1775.

  Pamphlets and Articles

  Bayley, Frye. Colonel Frye Bayley’s Reminiscences. Burlington, Vermont.

  Beebe, Lewis. “Journal of a Physician on the Expedition Against Canada, 1776.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 59. October, 1935.

  “Colonel Thomas Johnson’s Letters and Documents.” Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society, 1923–1925. Below Falls, Vt.: P.T. Gobie Press, 1926.

  Fitch, Jabez. “Jabez Fitch Diary.” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 1894–1895. 2d series. Vol. 9.

  Gerlach, Larry. “Smallpox Inoculations in Colonial New Jersey.” The Journal of the Rutgers University Library, 1967.

  Linn, John and William Hegle. Eds. Captain Joseph McClellan and Lieutenant William Feltman, “Diary of the Pennsylvania Line.” Pennsylvania Archives. 2d series. Vol. XI. Harrisburg, Pa.: Lane Hart State Printer, 1880.

  Lobdell, Jared. Ed. “”Revolutionary War Journal of Sgt. Thomas McCarty.” Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. No. 16. January, 1964.

  Ludlum, David, “The Weather of Independence, Trenton and Princeton.” Weatherwise, August, 1975.

  McKee, Charles. “Letters of a Soldier of the American Revolution.” Connecticut Magazine, vol. 10, 1906.

  McMichael, James. “James McMichael’s Diary,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 16. 1892.

  Parker, Robert. “The Journal of Robert Parker.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 28. 1904.

  Popp, Stephen. “Journal: 1777–1781.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 26. 1902.

  Powell, William. “A Connecticut Soldier under Washington: Elisha Bostwick’s Memoirs of the First Years of the Revolution.” William and Mary Quarterly, series 3, vol. 6, 1949.

  Quaife, M. M. “A Boy Soldier under Washington: The Memoir of Daniel Granger,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 16, 1929–1930.

  Rau, Louise. Ed. “John Smith’s Diary of 1776.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review. XX. 1933–1934.

  Seely, Sylvanus. Diary of Sylvanus Seely. Mss. Morristown National Historic Park, Morristown, NJ.

  Seller, Horace. “Charles Wilson Peale, Artist-Soldier.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 38. 1914.

  Tucker, St. George. “Journal of the Siege of Yorktown.” William and Mary Quarterly. 3d series. July, 1948.

  White, Joseph. “The Good Soldier White” American Heritage, June, 1956.

  Wild, Ebenezer. “The Journal of Ebenezer Wild,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1890, vol. 6.

  Books

  Alen, Gardner. Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution. Massachusetts Historical Society, 1927.

  Anderson, Enoch. Personal Recollections of Captain Enoch Anderson, an Officer of the Delaware Regiments in the Revolutionary War, with Notes by Henry Hobard Bellas, L.L.B., Captain of the U.S. Army. Wilmington, DE: Historical Society of Delaware, 1896.

  Barber, Dan. History of My Own Times. Washington, D.C. S.C. Ustick, 1827.

  Barnes, John. Ed. Fanning’s Narrative: Being the Memoir of Nathaniel Fanning, an Officer of the Revolutionary Navy, 1778–1783. New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1968.

  Baxter, James. Ed. William Digby, The British Invasion from the North. Albany, 1887.

  Binger, Carl. Revolutionary Doctor, Benjamin Rush, 1746–1813. New York: W. W. Norton, 1966.

  Bingham, Hiram Jr. Five Straws Gathered from Revolutionary Fields. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1901.

  Blumenthal, Walter. Women Camp Followers of the American Revolution. New York.: New York TimesArno Press, 1974.

  Boatner, Mark. The Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books, 1994.

  Bodle, Wayne and Jacqueline Thibault. The Valley Forge Historical Report. 3 vols. Valley Forge National Historical Park, 1980.

  Bolton, Charles. The Private Soldier under Washington. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1902.

  Boyle, Joseph Lee. Writings from the Valley Forge Encampment of the Continental Army, December 19, 1777—June 19,1778. 5 vols. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 2000–2004.

  Bray, Robert and Paul Bushnell. Diary of a Common Soldier in the American Revolution, 1775–1783: An Annotated Edition of the Military Journal of Jeremiah Greenman. Dekalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 1978.

  Burg, David. Ed. An Eyewitness History: The American Revolution. New York: Facts on File, 2001.

  Butterfield, L. H. Ed. Adams Family Correspondence. 6 vols. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1963–1993.

  Chadwick, French. The Graves Papers and Other Documents Relating to the Naval Operations of the Yorktown Campaign, July to October, 1781. New York: DeVinne Press, 1916; reprint New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1968.

  Chase, George. Ed. Diary of David How, a Private in Colonel Paul Dudley Sargent’s Regiment of the Massachusetts Line, in the Army of the American Revolution . . . with Illustrative Notes by Henry Dawson. Morrisania, New York, 1865.

  Chase, Philander. Ed. The Papers of George Washington. 45 vols. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1983–2004.

  Clark, William. Ed. Naval Documents of the American Revolution. 10 vols. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy, Naval History Division, 1976.

  Claussen, W. Edmund. Patriots of the American Revolution. Boyerstown, PA: W. Claussen, 1975.

  Codman, John. Ed. Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec. New York: MacMillan, 1902.

  Commager, Henry Steele and Richard Morris, Eds. The Spirit of ’seventy Six. 2 vols. New York: BobbsMerrill Company, 1958.

  Creasy, Edwin. The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World. London, 1851.

  Davis, Burke. The Campaign that Won America: The Story of Yorktown. New York: Dial Press, 1970.

  Dodd, William. John Branch Historical Papers of Randolph-Macon College. Richmond: Everett Weoddry Co, 1902.

  Duane, William. Ed. Extracts From the Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1774–1781. Albany: Joel Munsell, 1877.

  Dwyer, William. The Day Is Ours. New York: Viking Press, 1983.

  Elting, John. The Battle of Saratoga. Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1977.

  Ewing, George. The Military Journal of George Ewing, 1754–1824, a Soldier at Valley Forge. Yonkers, NY: Thomas Ewing, 1928.

  Fenn, Elizabeth. Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775–1782. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

  Fields, Edward. Esek Hopkins: Commander in Chief of the Continental Navy During the American Revolution, 1775–1778, Master Mariner, Politician, Brigadier General, Naval Officer, and Philanthropist. Providence: Preston and Rounds Co., 1898.

  Fields, Edward. Ed. The Diary of Israel Angell, Commanding the Second Rhode Island Continental Regiment During the American Revolution, 1778–1781. Providence, 1899.

  Fitzpatrick, John. Ed. The Writings of George Washington. 38 vols. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1932.

  Fleming, Thomas. Beat the Last Drum. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1963.

  Fleming, Thomas. The Forgotten Victory: The Battle for New Jersey, 1780. New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1973.

  Flexner, James. George Washington in the American Revolution. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1967.

  Flexner, James. The Traitor and the Spy: Benedict Arnold and John Andre. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1957.

  Foot, Caleb. Reminiscences of the Prison Letters and Sea Journa
l of Caleb Foot. Salem, MA: Essex Institute Collections, 1889.

  Force, Peter. Ed. American Archives. 9 vols. Washington, D.C.: 1837–1853.

  Ford, Worthington. Ed. Correspondence and Journals of Samuel Blachley Webb. 2 vols. New York, 1893. New York Times-Arno Press, 1969.

  Ford, Worthington. Ed. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office, 1904.

  Frothingham, Richard. The History of the Siege of Boston. 3d ed. Boston,1872.

  Furneaux, Rupert. The Battle of Saratoga. New York: Stein and Day, 1971.

  Gibson, James. Dr. Bodo Otto and the Medical Background of the American Revolution. Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas, 1937.

  Greenwood, John. A young patriot in the American Revolution, 1775–1783: The wartime services of John Greenwood: A record of events written during the year 1809 at such leisure moments as the arduous duties of a professional life permitted the dentist to his Excellency, George Washington. New York: DeVinne Press, 1922; reprint, Westvaco, 1981.

  Guild, Reuben, Chaplain Smith and the Baptists: or Life, Journals, and Addresses of the Rev. Hezekiah Smith, D. D., of Haverhill, Mass., 1737–1805. Philadelphia: American Baptists Society, 1885.

  Hallahan, William. The Day the Revolution Ended, October 19, 1781. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

  Hansen, Richard. The Glorious Hour of Lieutenant Monroe. New York: Athenaeum, 1976.

  Harwell, Richard. Ed. Douglas Southall Freeman. George Washington. Abridged ed. New York: Collier Books, 1992.

  Haws, Samuel. The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758–1775. New York: DeCapo Press, 1971.

  Henry, J. J. Arnold’s Campaign Against Canada. Albany: Joel Munsell, 1877.

  Henshaw, William. Orderly Books . . . October 1, 1775 through October 3, 1776. Worcester, MA: 1948.

  Hutchinson, Thomas. Ed. Diary and Letters of Thomas Hutchinson, with an Account of His Administration. Boston: Houghton, 1889–1896.

  Isaac, Rhys. The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

  Jones, John Paul. Memoirs of Rear Admiral John Paul Jones. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd Publishers, 1890.

  Ketchum, Richard. Victory at Yorktown: The Campaign That Won the Revolution. New York: Henry Holt, 2004.

  Ketchum, Richard. Winter Soldiers. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1973.

  Knouff, Gregory. The Soldiers’ Revolution: Pennsylvania in Arms and the Forging of the Early American Identity. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

  Langguth, A. J. Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

  Lapham, William. Elijah Fisher’s Journal While in the War for Independence and Continued Two Years After He Came to Maine, 1775–1784. Augusta, ME: Press of Badger and Manley, 1880.

  Lauber, Almon. Ed. Orderly Books of the 4th New York Regiment, 1778–1780, the 2d New York Regiment, 1780–1783 with the Diaries of Samuel Tallmadge, 1778–1780, and John Barr, 1779–1782. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1932.

  Laurens, John. Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens. New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1969.

  Lender, Mark and James Kirby Martin. Eds. Citizen Soldier: The Revolutionary War Journal of Joseph Bloomfield. Newark, NJ: New Jersey Historical Society, 1982.

  Littell, John. Ed. Alexander Graydon’s Memoirs of His Own Time. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1846; reprinted, New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1969.

  Mayer, Holly. Belonging to the Army: Camp Followers and Community During the American Revolution. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

  Miller, Nathan. Sea of Glory: A Naval History of the American Revolution. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1974.

  Mintz, Max. The Generals of Saratoga: Horatio Gates and John Burgoyne. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

  Nelson, Paul. General Horatio Gates, a Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976.

  Newell, Timothy. Journal of Timothy Newell. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Boston.

  O’Connor, Thomas. Bibles, Brahmins, and Bosses: A Short History of Boston. 2d ed. Boston: Public Library of the City of Boston, 1991.

  Patterson, Samuel. General Horatio Gates, Defender of American Liberties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1941.

  Pickering, Octavius. The Life of Thomas Pickering. 2 vols. Boston, 1897.

  Quincy, Josiah. The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the First Consul at Canton. Boston: William Brosby and H. P. Nichols, 1847.

  Randall, Willard. Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor. New York: William Morrow, 1990.

  Randall, Willard. George Washington: A Life. New York: Henry Holt, 1997.

  Rankin, Hugh. Ed. Narratives of the American Revolution, as Told by a Young Soldier, a Home-Sick Surgeon, a French Volunteer, and a German General’s Wife. Chicago: R. R. Donnelly and Sons Company, 1976.

  Robbins, Rev. Ammi. Journal of the Rev. Ammi R. Robbins, a Chaplain in the American Army in the Northern Campaign of 1776. New Haven: B. L. Hamlen, 1850.

  Roberts, Kenneth. Ed. March to Quebec: Journals of the Members of Arnold’s Expedition. New York: Doubleday and Company, 1938.

  Roberts, Lemuel. Memoirs of Captain Lemuel Roberts, Containing Adventures in Youth, Vicissitudes Experienced as a Continental Soldier, and Escapes from Captivity with Suitable Reflections on the Changes of Life. Bennington, VT: Anthony Haswell, 1809; reprinted, New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1969.

  Rodney, Thomas. Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney, 1776–1777. Wilmington, DE: Historical Society of Delaware, 1888.

  Royster, Charles. A Revolutionary People at War, the Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.

  Salsig, Doyen. Ed. Parole: Quebec; Countersign: Ticonderoga; Second New Jersey Regimental Orderly Book, 1776. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1980.

  Scheer, George and Hugh Rankin. Rebels and Redcoats. New York: World Publishing, 1957.

  Scheer, George. Private Yankee Doodle: Being a Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1962.

  Senter, Isaac. The Journal of Isaac Senter, Physician and Surgeon to the Troops Dispatched from the American Army Encamped at Cambridge, Mass. On a Secret Expedition against Quebec under the Command of Col. Benedict Arnold, in September, 1775. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1846; reprinted, New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1969.

  Shipton, Nathaniel and David Swain. Eds. Rhode Islanders Record the Revolution: The Journals of William Humphrey and Zuriel Waterman. Providence: Rhode Island Historical Society, 1984.

  Showman, Richard. Ed. The Papers of Nathanael Greene. 12 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Rhode Island Historical Society, 1976.

  Shy, John. A People Armed and Dangerous: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

  Smallpox in Colonial America. New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1977.

  Smith, Paul. Letters to the Delegates of Congress, 1774–1789. 26. Vols. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976.

  Smith, Samuel. The Battle of Trenton. Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1965.

  Stevens, James. The Journal of James Stevens, of Andover, Massachusetts, a Soldier in the American Revolution. Salem, Massachusetts, 1911.

  Stiles, Ezra. Literary Diary. 3 vols. New York: Franklin Dexter, 1901.

  Stone, William. Trans. Friederich Riedesel, Letters and Journals Relating to the War of the American Revolution, Albany, 1867.

  Stryker, William. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton. Boston: Houghton and Mifflin Company, 1895.

  Symmes, Rebecca. Ed. A Citizen Soldier in the American Revolution: The Diary of Benjamin Gilbert in Massachusetts and New York. Cooperstown, NY: New York State His
torical Association, 1980.

  Syrett, Harold. Ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 27 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.

  Thacher, James. Military Journal of the American revolution, from the Commencement to the Disbanding of the American Army; Comprising a detailed account of the principal events and Battle of the revolution with Their Exact Dates, and a Biographical Sketch of the most Prominent Generals, to which is Added the Life of Washington, His Farewell Address, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. Hartford, Conn.: Hurlbut, Williams & Company, 1862.

  Thayer, Theodore. Nathanael Greene: Strategist of the American Revolution. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1960.

  Trussell, John. Birthplace of an Army: A Study of the Valley Forge Encampment. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1998.

  Tucherman, Bayard. The Life of Philip Schuyler, 1733–1809. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1903.

  Tuchman, Barbara, First Salute: A View of the American Revolution. New York, Alfred Knopf, 1988.

  Ward, Christopher. The War of the Revolution. 2 vols. New York: MacMillan, 1952.

  Wharton, Francis. The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States. 6 vols. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1889.

  Wheeler, Daniel. The Life and Writings of Thomas Paine. 10 vols. New York: Vincent Parker Company, 1908.

  Whitehill, Walter. Boston’s Topographical History. 2d ed. Cambridge: Belknap Press of the Harvard University, 1968.

  Wilkinson, James. Memoirs of My Time. 3 vols. Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816.

  Williams, Catherine. Biographies of Revolutionary Heroes, containing the life of General William Barton and also of Captain Stephen Olney. Providence: Catherine Williams, 1829.

  Wood, Gordon. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787. New York: W. W. Norton, 1969.

  Zobel, Harry. The Boston Massacre. New York: W. W. Norton, 1970.

  NOTES

  Abbreviations

  GWW = Writings of George Washington

  GREENE = Papers of Nathanael Greene

  VFHP = Valley Forge Historical Park Collection

 

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